Peter Behrens: biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm thawj industrial designer

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Peter Behrens: biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm thawj industrial designer
Peter Behrens: biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm thawj industrial designer

Video: Peter Behrens: biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm thawj industrial designer

Video: Peter Behrens: biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm thawj industrial designer
Video: Peter Behrens the first industrial designer in history and artistic director of the AEG |Episode N°5 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Peter Behrens - thawj tus tsim qauv tsim qauv, yog ib tus kws kos duab loj tshaj plaws hauv German thiab kws tsim vaj tsev. Nws yog tus tsim ntawm niaj hnub industrial tsim. Nws kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm German Werkbund thiab lub Munich Secession. Behrens tau paub zoo tshaj plaws raws li tus neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo. Nws yog tus txhawb nqa ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, tsim qauv thiab cov khoom siv, xws li iav lossis hlau.

peter behrens
peter behrens

Biography

Peter Behrens yug hauv Habsburg xyoo 1868. Nws kawm kev kos duab hauv tsev kawm kos duab hauv Düsseldorf thiab Karlsruhe. Yog tias koj saib nws cov haujlwm thaum ntxov los ntawm Peter Behrens, nws pom tseeb tias txij thaum pib nws yog ib tus neeg koom nrog Art Nouveau (hauv Tebchaws Yelemees - Jugendstil). Nyob rau hauv 1897 nws tau mus xyuas Ltalis, thiab tom qab nws rov qab los nws tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov organizers ntawm lub koom haum kev cob qhia Munich. Ib xyoos tom qab, Behrens pib tsim cov khoom lag luam, thiab tib lub xyoo nws raug caw mus rau Darmstadt. Nyob ntawd tus kws kes duab vajtse ua nws lub tsev. Nws tsis tsuas yog tsim cov qauv ntawm nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj tsim tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm sab hauv, mus txog rau hauv chav ua noj riam. Lub tsev no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm symbiosis ntawm kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua, nws qhia tsis tau tsuas yog lub hwj chim ntawm Art Nouveau, tab sis kuj tus kheej style. Peter Behrens, leej twg yuav pom meej meej hauv cov haujlwm tom qab.

Lub tsev zoo li cas Berens tuaj yeem pom hauv daim duab.

Peter behrens ua haujlwm
Peter behrens ua haujlwm

Kev ua haujlwm

Hauv xyoo 1902, thawj qhov kev nthuav qhia thoob ntiaj teb tshwm sim hauv Turin. Tus kws kes duab vajtse tab tom tsim kev nthuav tawm German uas rov tsim dua Peter Behrens 'kos npe style, dubbed "Zarathustra Style".

Plaub xyoos tom ntej no, Behrens yog tus thawj coj hauv tsev kawm kos duab Dusseldorf. Xyoo 1906, nws tau raug caw los ua tus thawj coj ua yeeb yam ntawm AEG kev txhawj xeeb, uas Oto Eckmann thiab Adolf Messel tau ua haujlwm yav dhau los. Berens tau tsim lub tuam txhab tus kheej ntawm lub tuam txhab, uas txuas ntxiv tsis yog rau kev tshaj tawm thiab cov khoom lag luam, tab sis kuj rau kev tsim cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm cov tsev. Ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tau raug rau ib qho qauv tsim qauv, uas yog ua raws li kev rov ua dua ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus geometric: voj voog, ovals, hexagons. Lub hauv paus ntawm shaping yog utilitarian engineering cov ntaub ntawv, uas Behrens harmonized thiab coj mus rau tej yam proportions thiab atherosclerosis. Nws tshem tawm tag nrho cov ornamentation thiab tsoos daim ntawv.

peter behrens thawj tus tsim qauv tsim
peter behrens thawj tus tsim qauv tsim

Peter Behrens Architecture yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab los hloov cov kev xav tau rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem muaj tswv yim. Nws cov txuj ci txuj ci tseem ceeb tsis tau cuam tshuam txawm tias lub hauv paus nqaim uas kev lag luam thiab thev naus laus zis sawv cev. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse thiab tus kws kos duab ntawm AEG yog thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm kev lag luam tus kheej, kev coj ua uas tom qab ntawd tau nthuav dav thiabtam sim no yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm tus tsim qauv. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm lwm yam, Peter Behrens tau koom nrog kev tsim cov tsev lag luam ntawm kev txhawj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv 1909, ib tug turbine Hoobkas tau tsim, tus tsim uas symbolize lub tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam raws li ib feem ntawm lub neej niaj hnub. Nws tau dhau los ua "lub tuam tsev ntawm lub zog muaj zog" thiab ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab.

Peter Behrens thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej
Peter Behrens thaum yau dab neeg ntxiv Untold Biography Tseeb: Tsev Neeg lub neej

Kev lag luam thiab kev muaj tswv yim

Architect Peter Behrens tau tsim lub tswv yim tias cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim lub tsev lag luam yog universal. Nws siv qhov no thaum tsim lub tsev sawv cev ntawm German Embassy nyob rau hauv St. Lub tsev nyob rau ntawm Isakievskaya Square thiab yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm alienation thiab teev. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim lub interiors ntawm lub chaw tos txais, chaw tos txais thiab lub ntsiab staircase, Berens adhered rau cov style ntawm modernized classics.

Monumentality, hnyav thiab asceticism ntawm lub façade sib piv nrog cov elegance ntawm kev kho kom zoo nkauj hauv lub tsev, nrog kev nplua nuj ntawm lub teeb thiab khoom kim heev. Hwj chim qab nthab kab teeb thiab kab dub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tos txais yog reminiscent ntawm ancient Greek architecture. Nyob rau hauv pem teb thib ob, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej suite, zawv zawg qhov rooj tau siv los cais cov halls, uas kuj yog ib tug utilitarian xwm: yog hais tias tsim nyog, ob peb chav yuav yooj yim ua ke rau hauv ib chav. Nyob rau lub sijhawm solemn, Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj, ua tiav nrog marble, txuas nrog Prussian Hall. Qhov nkag mus rau nws yog pom kev sib cais los ntawm ob-kab Doric portico. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub tsev Embassy tsis tau muaj sia nyob rau hnub no hauv nws daim ntawv qub. Anti-German kev xav uas tau tawm hauv xyoo 1914xyoo, ua rau muaj pogrom zoo heev. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Chav Tsev Throne raug hlawv, ntau yam kev kos duab kuj raug puas tsuaj, thiab ib pawg ntawm cov duab puab nyob rau ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsev raug muab pov tseg. Lub tsev Embassy tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm Behrens hauv peb lub tebchaws.

behrens peter attractions
behrens peter attractions

Monumentality as a style

Lub Hoobkas turbine hauv Berlin, uas yog tsim los ntawm Peter Behrens, impresses nrog nws cov monumentality, tab sis cov nyhuv no tau tiav tsis yog los ntawm kev nplua nuj ntawm ceremonial cwj pwm, tsis yog los ntawm loj facade, tab sis los ntawm cov nplai ntawm tag nrho cov qauv., qhov loj loj ntawm lub Hoobkas. Lub tsev ntawm lub Hoobkas yog nyob deb ntawm qhov tam sim ntawd pom los ntawm cov layman ua ib yam khoom siv tshuab. Nws nqa lub tswv yim ntawm tag nrho cov-conquering quab yuam, uas yog yug los nyob rau hauv lub symbiosis ntawm kev ua ntawm txiv neej thiab tshuab. Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias qhov project tsis muaj kev kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab lub tsev nws tus kheej yog thawj lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees ua los ntawm iav thiab hlau.

Nyob rau hauv daim duab - lub tuam tsev nto moo ntawm Turbine cog, uas tau dhau los ua qhov chaw. Peter Behrens siv ntawm no tus neeg ua haujlwm tus kheej tsim rau AEG: tsis muaj cov qauv qauv thiab cov duab geometric, tab sis tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem siv tau.

Peter Behrens tus neeg koom tes
Peter Behrens tus neeg koom tes

Philosopher of Art

Behrens tau sau tias kos duab monumental tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas qhia txog kab lis kev cai ntawm lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tus kws tsim vaj tsev nto moo, monumentality yog deb ntawm tsuas yog spatial grandeur. Cov vaj tse kuj tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev.me me, thiab qhov tseeb tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau zoo rau ib tus neeg saib yog tsis tseem ceeb. Monumental tej hauj lwm yuav tsum muaj feem cuam tshuam rau pawg neeg, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo tau tshwm sim tag nrho.

Behrens kuj tau hais tias qhov kev muaj koob meej loj tsis yog hais txog yam khoom siv. Nws cuam tshuam rau tib neeg lub siab los ntawm kev txhais tau tias tob tob. Cov no yog kev faib ua feem thiab ua raws li cov qauv uas tuaj yeem pom lawv tus kheej hauv kev sib raug zoo ntawm vaj tse.

Lwm yam haujlwm

Lub Berlin High Voltage Factory, tsim los ntawm Behrens hauv xyoo 1910, yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm lub koom haum meej ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Shinel's classicism yog qhia ntawm no kom meej meej tshaj li nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub turbine Hoobkas. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev tswj hwm ntawm Mannesmann kev txhawj xeeb, nyob rau hauv Düsseldorf, gravitates rau cov tsoos style. Nws yog nthuav raws li ib tug qauv ntawm ib tug raug chaw ua hauj lwm, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv ntau xyoo caum tom qab. Tam sim no peb tuaj yeem pom nws nyob hauv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw ua haujlwm niaj hnub no: nws yog qhov chaw loj nrog cov qauv hloov pauv tau muab los ntawm ntau qhov chaw txav tau.

Lub Hoobkas me me, tsim los ntawm Behrens hauv xyoo 1912, kuj yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo siv cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws. Lub façade ntev ntawm lub tsev tsim khoom zoo li tau muab faib los ntawm cov kab ntsug ntawm cylindrical pylons, uas ua rau kev txiav txim yooj yim.

Peter Behrens Architect
Peter Behrens Architect

Worldview

Tus kws kes duab vajtse tau cuam tshuam los ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog I thiabxyoo tom qab tsov rog. Nws nkag siab lub ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm haiv neeg chauvinism thiab nws txoj kev sib txuas nrog kev tawm tsam kev ywj pheej. Ntawm nthwv dej ntawm kev tsis meej pem thiab kev poob siab, Berens los ze zog rau cov neeg qhia. Nws pib kos cov lus tshiab ntawm kev hais tawm hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tswv yim uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev nyiam kev nyiam ntawm haiv neeg hauv lub xyoo ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, tab sis nws tsis cais tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm qhov kev xav ntawm lub koom haum ntawm tag nrho.

kev ua si hauv zej zog

Dhau li ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov haujlwm, Peter Behrens tau coj mus rau Dusseldorf Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Lag Luam Art. Los ntawm 1922 txog 1936 nws kuj tau qhia Vienna Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Architecture ntawm Academy of Fine Arts. Raws li ib tug kws kes duab vajtse, nws muaj kev cuam tshuam rau avant-garde artists nyob rau hauv Austria thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Behrens tau hais txog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim kho kev tsim kho thiab tsim lub hauv paus rau qhov kev taw qhia no. Ntau qhov kev tsim qauv theoretical tsim los ntawm Peter Behrens tau cuam tshuam thiab txuas ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm. Tus txiv neej no tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug kws txawj ntse, tab sis kuj yog ib tug xib fwb zoo. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe thiab tus tsim qauv ntawm German Bauhaus W alter Gropius, uas txij li xyoo 1938 yog ib tug xibfwb ntawm architecture ntawm Harvard University, tau mus xyuas nws lub rooj cob qhia. Qee lub sij hawm, Le Corbusier kuj tau kawm nrog Behrens.

Zoo kawg

Peter Behrens hauv nws txoj haujlwm yeej ib txwm tso siab rau kev suav ntau dua li kev xav. Tus kws kes duab vajtse no muaj khoom plig rau kev tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tectonic cov qauv raws li cov qauv tsim. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Behrens yog qhov kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom muaj tswv yim rau hauvkev lag luam. Nws yog nws uas tau tso lub hauv paus ntawm txoj haujlwm, uas tam sim no hu ua "tus tsim qauv". Peter Behrens muaj peev xwm ua pov thawj tias cov tsev lag luam tuaj yeem tsis yog cov qauv siv hluav taws xob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj. Nws tau qhia meej meej txog qhov muaj peev xwm ua yeeb yam loj, uas nyob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim.

Pom zoo: