Qhov khoom plig "Rau Kev Pabcuam rau Leej Txiv" yog ib qho khoom plig ntawm lub xeev Lavxias tshiab. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub Peb Hlis 1994 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Muaj ob peb degrees thiab mus txog rau xyoo 1998 yog qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws.
Institution
Nyob rau lub sijhawm uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws Soviet Union, nws cov thawj coj tau tsim thiab muab ntau lub xeev khoom plig, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv tau cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, los ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm view, muaj ib co tsis meej pem nrog cov khoom plig, lawv qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tshiab keeb kwm tiag tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, twb tau plaub xyoos tom qab yug los ntawm lub xeev tshiab, ib qho khoom plig tau tsim los ntawm ib qho twg, txuas ntxiv cov kev lig kev cai ntawm Kev Txiav Txim ntawm St. Vladimir.
keeb kwm keeb kwm
Kev Txiav Txim Siab rau Fatherland, 1st degree, nrog rau lwm yam qib, yog cim los ntawm lub ntsiab lus "kev pab,Hwm thiab yeeb koob". Nws yog paub tias qhov no yog lub motto hnav los ntawm Order ntawm St. Vladimir. Qhov khoom plig no tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1782 hauv kev hwm ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Vladimir tus neeg ua kev cai raus dej los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Catherine lub Great thiab tseem muaj plaub qib. Tus empress tau teem sijhawm los tsim qhov khoom plig rau coincide nrog lub hnub nyoog nees nkaum xyoo ntawm nws txoj kev kav. Qhov kev txiav txim tau muab tsub rau ob leeg tub rog thiab pej xeem. Thiab txawm hais tias cov qib qis tshaj kuj tseem tuaj yeem lees paub qhov txawv, vim yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws, tsuas yog qib ntawm qib tsis qis dua tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws tuaj yeem thov. Xya xyoo tom qab, Catherine, raws li lwm yam txawv feature rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub thib plaub degree, uas yog muab rau tub rog tsim nyog thiab exploits, ntxiv ib tug liab-dub hneev. Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo li no yog tus thawj coj Lavxias tus thawj coj Mikhail Barclay de Tolly. Qhov Kev Txiav Txim tau ua haujlwm kom txog thaum Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Xyoo 1917.
Awarding rules
Txoj Cai Lij Choj ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo rau Fatherland hais txog kev muab khoom plig ntawm ntau yam kev pabcuam zoo. Nws suav nrog kev ua tiav hauv kev txhawb nqa lub xeev ntawm lub tebchaws, kev txhim kho kev lag luam hauv zej zog, hauv kev ua kis las, kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab, kev tshawb fawb, kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb, thiab nce kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm ntawm Russia.
Txog xyoo 1998, qhov khoom plig muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm lub xeev siab tshaj plaws. Tom qab ntawd thaum Lub Xya Hli, tus thawj coj ntawm lub xeev tau tsim ib qho kev txiav txim tshiab ntawm tus Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv Andrew tus Thawj Hu. Hauv xyoo 2010, qhov khoom plig tau ua tiav qee qhov kev txhim kho. Cov kev cai rau qhov kev txiav txim no kuj tau ntxiv nrog cov kev hloov me me.
Award degrees
Lub xeev xaj muaj plaub qib. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st class. Kev txiav txim ntawm thawj ob qib muaj ib qho kos npe thiab lub hnub qub, thaum qhov ntxiv ob qib yuav tsum tsuas yog kos npe. Cov txheej txheem muab khoom plig suav nrog kev tawm haujlwm ua tiav mus rau qhov khoom plig los ntawm plaub mus rau thawj qib. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov khoom plig ntawm insignia ntawm qib qis tshaj ntawm lub hierarchy, plaub, yog ua tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tus txiv neej twb tau txais lub puav pheej ntawm lub Order of Merit rau lub Fatherland ntawm thawj degree, raws li zoo raws li cov khoom plig. thib ob.
Rau cov tub rog, leej twg, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua lossis nyob rau hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, tau qhia txog kev ua yeeb yam, kev ua siab loj thiab txawv ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv kev ua tau zoo, lawv tus kheej hloov kho ntawm qhov khoom plig yog npaj - daim ntawv cim ntawm kev txiav txim nrog ntaj.
Txoj cai rau kev xaj khoom plig
Qhov Kev Txiav Txim Siab rau Leej Txiv, IV degree, kuj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm txoj cai yooj yim. Cov neeg uas tuaj yeem thov tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo suav nrog cov uas tau muab rau Hero of Russia, Hero of Labor ntawm Lavxias Federation, Hero ntawm USSR lossis Hero ntawm Socialist Labor. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tuav ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm St. George, Alexander Nevsky, Ushakov, Suvorov kuj tuaj yeem yog cov khoom plig. Txoj cai lij choj ntawm qhov khoom plig tseem tso cai rau nws tseem tuaj yeem muab khoom plig rau ib tus neeg yav dhau los tsis tau cim nrog lub xeev insignia, yog tias qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov nom tswv siab tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias.
Tseem muaj ntau txoj cai rau kev qhuas cov cim ntawm thawj ob qib. Yog li, qhov kev txiav txim "Rau Merit to the Fatherland" 1st degree yog muab tsub ob zaug hauv ib xyoos - hauv kev hwm ntawmKev ua koob tsheej ntawm Hnub Caiv ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab Hnub ntawm Russia. Raws li txoj cai, qhov no yog ib qho kev ua koob tsheej txhua xyoo nyob hauv Catherine's Hall ntawm Kremlin, qhov twg txhua tus neeg raug caw tuaj koom rau qhov khoom plig. Qhov kev nthuav qhia yog ua tus kheej los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub teb chaws. The Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class, tau txais ib yam nkaus.
Sab nrauv tsim
Qhov khoom plig, nyob ntawm tus neeg laus, muaj nws tus kheej zoo li. Yog li, ob lub tsev kawm qib siab muaj xws li kos npe thiab lub hnub qub, thaum ob lub junior suav nrog tsuas yog kos npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib daim ntaub, moiré ribbon ntawm cov xim liab tsaus yog txuas rau ob qhov kev txiav txim siab. Cov paib ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, ua los ntawm cov nyiaj gilded, muaj cov duab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig nrog sib npaug thiab nthuav xaus. Lub obverse yog coated nrog ruby enamel. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, ib tug loj gilded duab ntawm lub xeev emblem ntawm Russia yog superimposed. Nyob rau hauv lub rov qab nyob rau hauv lub center muaj ib tug medallion, nyob rau hauv lub circumference ntawm uas muaj ib tug inscription - lub motto ntawm qhov kev txiav txim "kev pab, kev hwm thiab lub yeeb koob". Lub xyoo ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov khoom plig yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub composition - "1994". Laurel ceg yog engraved nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub medallion. Tus lej xaj ntawm qhov khoom plig tau muab tso rau ntawm kab qis ntsug ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig.
Tus ntoo khaub lig loj tshaj plaws yog suav nrog Kev Txiav Txim Siab rau Leej Txiv, qib 1. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov dav kawg ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig yog rau centimeters. Txuas nrog ib txoj hlua dav 10 cm. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qib thib ob, cov ntsuas no sib npaug li tsib thiab 4.5 centimeters. Qhov thib peb degree yog tsib thiab 2.4 centimeters. Tus ntoo khaub lig me tshaj plaws ntawm plaub degree, muaj qhov nrug ntawmqhov kawg tsuas yog plaub centimeters. Nws yog txuas nrog lub pentagonal thaiv trimmed nrog 2.4 cm dav moiré ribbon siv lub qhov muag thiab lub nplhaib.
Lub yim-taw lub hnub qub ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yog ua los ntawm cov nyiaj nrog polished shtrals nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub ntsiab rays. Nyob rau hauv obverse muaj ib tug silver medallion, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub circumference ntawm lub motto ntawm qhov kev txiav txim (tsis muaj ib tug comma) thiab laurel ceg yog engraved nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyem ntawm liab enamel. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub medallion ntawm dub enamel yog muab tso rau ib tug gilded nyem duab ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab xeev cim. Nyob rau hauv lub rov qab ntawm lub hnub qub yog ib tug serial tooj. Qhov loj ntawm lub hnub qub kuj nyob ntawm qhov degree. Thawj degree xav tias qhov ntev ntawm qhov xaus ntawm 8.2 centimeters, qhov thib ob degree - ib centimeter tsawg.
Tub rog khoom plig qhia txog cov khoom siv ntxiv - hla ntaj. Lawv txuas nrog lub nplhaib saum tus ntoo khaub lig. Ntaj yog 2.8 cm ntev thiab 3 mm dav.
Txoj cai hnav khoom plig
Cov insignia piav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib tug ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws lub xeev khoom plig, uas muaj ib tug ncaj ncees txoj cai. Lawv kuj muab cov lus qhia txog kev hnav lub cim no. Qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 1st degree. Daim paib ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yog nyob rau ntawm ib tug ribbon hla ntawm sab xis lub xub pwg nyom. Lub hnub qub yog txuas rau lub hauv siab ntawm sab laug sab hauv qab cov khoom plig ntawm qhov thaiv. Yog hais tias tus txiv neej muaj lub Order ntawm St. George, qhov khoom plig nyob rau hauv nws. Tib yam siv rau lub hnub qub ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qib thib ob. Muaj obthawj qib ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yuav tsum hnav tsuas yog lub hnub qub ntawm cov qeb siab tshaj plaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class, yog nyob rau ntawm caj dab ribbon. Tib txoj cai siv rau qib peb.
Tus yau tshaj plaws yog hnav ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm sab laug ntawm lub thaiv. Yog tias muaj St. George ntawm qib plaub, qhov khoom plig muab tso rau tom qab nws. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ob peb degrees, tus txiv neej ntawm qhov kev txiav txim hnav lub cim ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Txoj cai no tsis siv rau qhov khoom plig ua tub rog nrog ntaj. Medals ntawm no insignia tsis hnav yog hais tias muaj ib qho kev txiav txim "Rau Merit to the Fatherland". Orders thiab medals tsis sib tshooj, tsuas yog cov tub rog puav pheej nrog ntaj.
Special nuances
Ntxiv rau daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qib plaub, daim ntawv me me ntawm nws kuj tseem suav nrog hauv cov khoom siv. Nws tuaj yeem hnav ob qho tib si txhua hnub thiab rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Nws, zoo li qhov khoom plig tseem ceeb, txuas nrog tom qab daim ntawv me me ntawm St. George ntawm tib qib.
Tseem muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hnav ris tsho hnav ris tsho thiab cov khaub ncaws pej xeem. Hauv thawj kis, daim kab xev txuas nrog lub pluaj. Yog hais tias muaj ib qho khoom plig ntawm St. George, ribbon ntawm qhov kev txiav txim yog thawj zaug, thiab ces tus ribbon "Rau Merit" raws li nram no. Nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem ce, daim kab xev yog txuas nrog ib tug socket nyob rau sab laug.
Awarded
Rau 21 xyoo, 26 tus neeg tau dhau los ua tus tuav tag nrho ntawm lub xeev qhov khoom plig. Npau taws cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov duab kab lis kev cai: physicist, Nobel nqi zog yeej Zhores Alferov, tus thawj coj ntawm Pushkin Tsev khaws puav pheej Irina Antonova, actor LeonidArmored, tus thawj coj Galina Volchek, opera singer Galina Vishnevskaya, actor Mark Zakharov thiab Vladimir Zeldin, ballerina Maya Plisetskaya, sculptor Zurab Tsereteli. Ntawm cov nom tswv, tag nrho cov cavaliers yog: ib tug thawj coj ntawm tsoom fwv Lavxias teb sab Viktor Chernomyrdin, ex-tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Security Council Nikolai Patrushev, tus thawj coj ntawm lub Federation Council Valentina Matvienko, lub taub hau ntawm Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Affairs Sergei Lavrov, tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab thawj tswj hwm Sergei Ivanov, tus thawj coj ntawm lub council Directors ntawm "Gazprom" Viktor Zubkov, raws li zoo raws li lub taub hau ntawm FSB Alexander Bortnikov.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov txaus siab dua kom pom leej twg tau txais txiaj ntsig Order of Merit for the Fatherland, Kuv degree. Ntawm lawv koj tuaj yeem pom yav dhau los tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Fabkis Jacques Chirac (tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv xyoo 1997), Boris Yeltsin (hauv 2001), Patriarch Alexy II (hauv 2004), yav dhau los tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Ukraine Leonid Kuchma (hauv 2004), qub thawj coj ntawm Moscow Yuri. Luzhkov (hauv 2006), ex-President ntawm Bashkortostan Murtaza Rakhimov. Ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam nto moo, ib qho khoom plig zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub xeev tau muab rau: tus hu nkauj thiab tus thawj coj Iosif Kobzon, tus thawj coj ntawm Moscow Art Theatre Oleg Tabakov, tus kws sau nkauj Alexandra Pakhmutova, actress Elina Bystritskaya. Nees nkaum hnub ua ntej nws tuag, tus neeg hu nkauj Lyudmila Zykina tau nthuav tawm rau qhov khoom plig.
Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 2014, tom qab cov xwm txheej paub zoo txog kev koom ua ke ntawm Crimea thiab Sevastopol rau Russia, Vladimir Konstantinov, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Xeev Council ntawm Crimea, yav tas los Thawj Tswj Hwm, tau nthuav tawm rau qhov khoom plig. txog. tus tswv xeevSevastopol, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Nroog Legislative Assembly Alexei Chaly thiab lub taub hau ntawm Crimea Sergei Aksenov.
