Unabi (jujube, suav hnub) yog ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws, vim nws muaj ntau yam tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig.
Nws tseem nrov npe hu ua deciduous thorny shrub, Fabkis pectoral berry, jujube. Muaj txog 400 hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, uas tau cog rau hauv South Asia, Central Asia, Tuam Tshoj, Transcaucasia, thiab Mediterranean. Unabi tau siv los ua tshuaj rau lub sijhawm ntev, siv yuav luag tag nrho nws qhov chaw - nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov hauv paus hniav. Tab sis lub hauv paus, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Suav hnub raug coj los kho, uas tuaj yeem noj tshiab lossis qhuav. Qhuav unabi zoo li hnub paub.
Kev piav qhia
YJujube yog ib tsob ntoo uas muaj pos pos los sis tsob ntoo me me. Nws muaj ib tug pyramidal los yog nthuav crown. Nws muaj cov cag muaj zog heev uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau qhov tob txog li peb meters.
Cov tawv ntoo ntawm cov pob tw tseem ceeb ntawm Suav hnub yog grey tsaus, tuab heev. Cov ceg yog xim liab-xim avtawv thiab spines. Cov nplooj yog alternate, muab tso rau ntawm me me petioles, yog elongated-ovate, leathery, tag nrho, blunt-serrated.
Cov paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog bisexual, me me, tsib-tus tswv cuab, axillary, tuaj yeem sau ua pawg me me - txog li 5 daim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, paj tsuas yog nyob ib hnub xwb.
Jujube txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, yog sib npaug, oblong, ovoid drupes nrog qab zib pulp. Lawv ncav cuag qhov ntev ntawm 6 cm thiab hnyav txog 20 g.
Cov nroj tsuag tau tshwm sim thawj zaug hauv Suav teb, tab sis hnub no nws tau cog rau hauv Central Asia, hauv Transcaucasus. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv temperate climates. Txhawm rau kom cov qoob loo ua tiav, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum cog ntau yam hloov mus rau ib qho kev nyab xeeb.
Hnub suav suav nyiam sov so, yog li ntawd, lawv tsis ntshai dej nag. Tsis tas li ntawd, unabi yog cov nroj tsuag uas muaj Frost-resistant. Txawm hais tias nws tiv taus cua sov, nws tseem yuav tsum tau ywg dej tas li - qhov no, nws yuav dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo dua.
Suav hnub: cog thiab nthuav tawm
Unabi tuaj yeem loj hlob ntawm yuav luag txhua cov av, ntxiv rau cov dej nkag thiab ntsev, txawm tias nws muab cov qoob loo me me rau cov neeg pluag. Qhov tshwm sim ze ntawm cov dej hauv av yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau jujube yog sab qab teb nqes hav.
YCov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem nthuav tawm los ntawm cov hauv paus tua, noob, grafting thiab cuttings.
Rootstock feem ntau yog cog los ntawm Suav hnub cov noob, txij li thaum cov noob pib txi txiv tom qab thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam tsis khaws cia.ib txwm. Cov pob txha yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab zoo, uas yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav tam sim ntawm cov tawv nqaij uas twb muaj lawm. Cov khoom nyoos yog stratified ob peb lub hlis ua ntej sowing. Nws yog sown nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tom qab lub ntiaj teb warms li zoo. Nruab nrab ntawm kab, qhov kev ncua deb yuav tsum yog li 80 cm, nyob rau hauv kab nruab nrab ntawm cov noob - txog 5 cm. Nws yog advisable los npog lub sowing nrog ib tug zaj duab xis, yog li tsim ib qhov av. Tom qab 20 hnub, cov yub dhia dej los yog nyias tawm hauv txoj kev uas 25 cm nyob nruab nrab ntawm lawv ua ke. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv tsuas yog watered ib zaug, ob zaug ib hlis - nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov.
Mas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj yog grafted rau hauv Tshuag ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo me me. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, lawv tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv "qhov muag", tom qab cov tawv ntoo nrog txiav - thaum lub Cuaj Hli lossis Tsib Hlis.
Kev cog qoob loo los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ua rau nws tau txais cov qoob loo hauv xyoo ob tom qab cog. Nroj tsuag tuaj yeem sib cais thaum hnub suav (unabi) txog 2 xyoos.
Seedlings thaum propagated by cuttings yog rooted nyob rau hauv greenhouses nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm intermittent dag pos huab. Lawv cog rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov nyob rau nruab nrab Lub Peb Hlis nyob rau sab qab teb, thaum kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis - nyob rau sab qaum teb.
Crown formation
Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub vase los yog lub tais ntawm 4 skeletal ceg uas muab tso rau ib ncig ntawm lub pob tw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus neeg xyuas pib raug txiav tawm, cov ceg ntxiv raug tshem tawm "ntawm lub nplhaib". Cov ceg sab saud raug txiav kom 20 cm nyob twj ywm, tag nrho cov so - kom lawv cov saum yog nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom nrog nws.
Ntxiv mus, kev huv huv pruning yog nqa tawm, ntxiv rau, cov ceg ntoo uas tuabcrown.
Irrigation
Suav hnub thawj xyoo yuav tsum tau ywg dej kom ntau li ntau tau rau lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws engraftment (mus txog 7 zaug hauv ib lub caij).
Nws tsis yog yuav tsum ua qhov no hauv thawj lub hlis ntawm flowering - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug khi raws sij hawm hauv huab cua qhuav, tab sis yog tias tsis muaj dej txaus thaum lub caij ntuj sov, ces cov qoob loo yuav pluag. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau dej cov nroj tsuag los ntawm nruab nrab Lub rau hli ntuj (tsis yog ntau zaus, tab sis tsuas yog nrog los nag ntev).
Nyob
Txhua xyoo (pib plaub tom qab cog) thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, unabi (hnub suav) yuav tsum tau pub nrog sib tov ntawm ntau yam ntxhia chiv, nrog rau cov chiv.
Nco thiab sau txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Rau cov hom phiaj tshuaj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nplooj, tsis tshua muaj cov tawv ntoo thiab hauv paus ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau sau tom qab lawv siav tag nrho, nplooj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Koj yuav tsum tau qhuav lawv nyob rau hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, nyiam dua nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nyob rau hauv ib tug canopy, tab sis koj muaj peev xwm kuj nyob rau hauv ib tug ventilated chav tsev, thaum nteg lawv tawm nyob rau hauv 1 txheej. Koj tuaj yeem khaws cia txog ib xyoos.
Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau sau thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis, cov tawv ntoo thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws raug nquahu kom siv nws los ntawm cov ceg ntoo uas muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos. Yuav khaws cia txog 2 xyoos.
Unabi txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem noj tshiab, qhuav thiab qhuav. Nws kuj yog qhov zoo rau noj marinade, jam, kua txiv, compote los ntawm lawv. Yuav khaws cia tshiab txog li tsib hnub.
Siv hnub suav, lossis nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws zoo dua hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws. Koj tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv daim ntawv no txog li ob xyoos.
khoom siv tau zoo
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muajorganic acids, qab zib, proteins, fatty roj, catechin, tannin, nicotinic thiab folic acids, pectin, tocopherol. Siv lawv, koj tuaj yeem tshem tau tooj liab, txhuas, co toxins, mercury ntawm lub cev. Hlau, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, vitamins C, P kuj pom muaj nyob hauv unabi.
Suav hnub ua rau nws tuaj yeem rov zoo sai dua tom qab muaj mob, ntxiv rau, nws feem ntau yog tshuaj rau cov kab mob ntawm lub raum, urinary system, plab, stomatitis, nrog rau cov tsos mob ntawm qhov txhab.
Tsis tas li, unabi yuav tsum tau noj thaum cev xeeb tub, uas yuav pab tiv thaiv toxicosis. Cov niam tsev laus yuav tsum suav nrog cov hnub suav hauv kev noj zaub mov, vim nws ua rau kom lactation ntau dua.
Nrog kev pab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, koj tuaj yeem ua kom ntshav siab, tiv thaiv mob taub hau thiab mob plawv.
Suav hnub (jujube): daim ntawv thov
Decoction raws li cov ceg ntoo, nplooj thiab tawv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo heev thiab cov kab mob bacteriostatic. Yog li ntawd, nrog kev pab koj tuaj yeem kho qhov txhab festering, abscesses, tuberculous lymphadenitis, gastritis, qhov muag lossis tawv nqaij tuberculosis, ntxiv rau, nws yog ib qho zoo heev diuretic.
Decoction ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag txhim kho cov plaub hau kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam, cov neeg laus raug pom zoo kom siv nws rau baldness.
txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav yog siv los npaj ib lub decoction uas yuav pab txo qhov mob ntawm bronchi, feem ntau yog siv rau ua tsis taus pa, kiv taub hau hnyav, hnoos hawb pob thiab mob ntsws.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj cov vitamins C thiab P,Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, muab lawv elasticity thiab lub zog. Cov tshuaj no kuj tseem siv tau rau kev kub ntxhov, nws tso cai rau koj txo cov ntshav siab, ua kom muaj zog, txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog, zoo siab, ua kom lub plawv dhia zoo.
Cov tshuaj niaj hnub txaus siab rau lub decoction ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag rau nws cov khoom tiv thaiv kab mob thiab emollient, ntxiv rau, nws tuaj yeem siv rau cov kab mob, kab mob hauv cov hnyuv, mob ntshav qab zib, mob ua pa sab saud.
Cov hnub suav tshiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kab mob plab, cem quav, raws plab. Infusion yog pom zoo kom haus nrog festering qhov txhab, gastritis, abscesses. Nws yog siv sab nraud rau kev yaug qhov ncauj, nrog rau kev ntxuav, tshuaj pleev ib ce los kho qhov txhab thiab qhov txhab uas kho tau maj mam.
Cov nplooj tshiab yog tsim los ua tshuaj pleev.
Jujube in cooking
Cov berries ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem noj tshiab. Tsis tas li, Suav hnub tuaj yeem qhuav, kaus poom thiab qhuav. Delicious berries muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam zaub mov txawv.
YContraindications
Suav hnub (jujube) muaj cov tshuaj uas muaj tshuaj loog. Ib tug neeg, pib zom nws, ib ntus tsis hnov qhov iab thiab qab zib. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntshav siab, nrog rau thaum cev xeeb tub. Nws yog tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias unabi yog digested rau lub sij hawm ntev heev, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los siv nws yam tsis muajtawv nqaij, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau nws yuav provoke o nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, plab. Tsis tas li ntawd, jujube nce cov piam thaj hauv cov ntshav. Yog tias qhov tshuaj tsis ua raws li, qhov mob taub hau hnyav yuav tshwm sim.
