Video: Lavxias teb sab lub tswv yim ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th: tswv yim, lawv lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56
Russian lub tswv yim ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog ntau yam kev qhia kev nom kev tswv hauv tebchaws thiab txoj haujlwm ideological. Lub xyoo pua ua ntej kawg tau muab lub ntiaj teb cov neeg xav li MA. Bakunin, P. Ya. Chaadaev, I. V. Kireevsky, F. M. Dostoevsky, UA Khomyakov, K. S. Aksakov, T. N. Granovsky, A. I. Herzen, L. N. Tolstoy, K. N. Leontiev, V. G. Belinsky, N. V. Fedorov, nrog rau ntau lwm tus kws tshaj lij theorists.
Lavxias teb sab lub tswv yim ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog ib qho kev xav txog kev tshawb fawb txog kev xav ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb uas koom nrog 2 txoj kev sib txawv - Westernism thiab Slavophilism. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov kev taw qhia yav dhau los tau hais txog qhov originality ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev, cultivated Orthodoxy, pom nyob rau hauv nws muaj peev xwm loj rau lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm lub teb chaws. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntseeg no, hauv lawv txoj kev xav, yuav tsum tau tso cai rau nws los ua ib lub zog sib koom ua ke uas yuav pab daws tau ntau yam teeb meem ntawm tib neeg.
Cov tswv yim kev nom kev tswv tau dhau los ua ib qho kev txuas ntxiv ntawm kev ntseeg hauv lub hwj chim txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Orthodoxy. Lavxias teb sab philosophers ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, uas koom nrog Slavophilism, suav hais tias yog daim ntawv huab tais yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev.lub rooj tsavxwm. Qhov no tsis yog xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias yog vim li cas rau cog Orthodoxy nyob rau hauv Russia yog qhov yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau lub autocracy. Ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm cov qauv no yog K. S. Aksakov, I. V. Kireevsky, UA Hamsters.
Lavxias teb sab lub tswv yim ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th kuj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm Westerners. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev tsis ntseeg Vajtswv thiab cov khoom siv tau hwm txog cov haujlwm ntawm Hegel, ua raws li kev xav txog kev ywj pheej thiab tawm tswv yim tawm tsam kev cuam tshuam ntawm tsoomfwv uas twb muaj lawm. Revolutionary sentiments tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov neeg taug kev ntawm qhov kev txav no mus rau qhov sib txawv, tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm kev kov yeej lub autocracy thiab tsim kev sib raug zoo tau txhawb nqa tib yam.
Westerners tau los ua tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev kawm, tawm tsam kev txhawb nqa kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no kuj suav tias kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb yog txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm M. A. Bakunina, A. I. Herzen, V. G. Belinsky, N. G. Chernyshevsky nthuav tawm cov tswv yim no. Lub zeem muag ntawm txhua tus kws sau ntawv muaj nws qhov tshwj xeeb, tab sis cov kev xav zoo sib xws tuaj yeem taug qab hauv cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.
Lavxias teb sab kev xav ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th yog txheej txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias keeb kwm. Niaj hnub no, kev nom kev tswv thiab kev muaj tiag tseem niaj hnub ua piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas tshwm sim ntau dua ib puas xyoo dhau los.
Kev paub txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tswv yim uas muaj kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws Russia nyob rau xyoo pua 19th tso cai rau peb pom hauv lub teeb tshiab xws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev niaj hnub zoo li kev qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawvOPK. Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm qhov kev hloov kho no yog cov neeg tam sim no ntawm Slavophiles, thiab cov kev tawm tsam yog cov neeg sab hnub poob ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st. Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov xwm txheej yav dhau los thiab niaj hnub Russia yog tias ua ntej qhov kev tawm tsam tam sim no tau txhais meej meej thiab tsis sib xyaw. Nyob rau tam sim no, qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo li tsis meej: piv txwv li, "Slavophile kev muaj tiag" yuav raug muab zais tom qab Westernist tsim. Piv txwv li, "txoj cai lij choj" ntawm lub tebchaws Russia tshaj tawm lub xeev secular, uas tsis tiv thaiv cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ntseeg Orthodox los ntawm kev txaus siab rau cov cai tshwj xeeb.
Pom zoo:
Kuzansky Nicholas: lub tswv yim hauv luv luv thiab biography. Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm Nicholas ntawm Cusa luv luv
Ntau lub tswv yim ntawm Nicholas ntawm Cusa tau tawm tsam txoj cai feudal thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau pawg ntseeg. Tab sis nws yog nws uas tau pib lub tswv yim ntawm Renaissance thiab tau los ua tus sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm nws lub sijhawm
Anselm ntawm Canterbury: lub tswv yim, lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, nqe lus, xyoo ntawm lub neej, biography luv luv
Philosopher, preacher, scientist, thinker, plergyman - Anselm ntawm Canterbury muaj tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no. Nws yog ib tug tub ntawm lub Koom Txoos tiag tiag thiab txaus siab nqa qhov kaj ntawm cov ntseeg txoj kev ntseeg nyob qhov twg nws mus
Neo-Kantianism yog ib qho kev taw qhia hauv German lub tswv yim ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm 19th - 20th centuries. Tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Neo-Kantianism. Lavxias teb sab Neo-Kantians
"Rov qab rau Kant!" - nws yog nyob rau hauv no cov lus hais tias cov chav kawm ntawm neo-Kantianism tau tsim. Lo lus no feem ntau yog to taub raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Neo-Kantianism npaj fertile av rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm phenomenology, cuam tshuam lub tsim ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev ncaj ncees socialism, thiab pab cais lub ntuj thiab tib neeg sciences. Neo-Kantianism yog tag nrho cov txheej txheem uas muaj ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tau tsim los ntawm cov thwjtim ntawm Kant
Herbert Spencer: biography thiab cov tswv yim tseem ceeb. English philosopher thiab sociologist ntawm lig 19th caug xyoo
Herbert Spencer (xyoo ntawm lub neej - 1820-1903) - ib tug philosopher los ntawm England, tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm evolutionism uas tau nthuav dav nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Nws to taub lub tswv yim raws li ib tug holistic, homogeneous paub raws li ib tug sciences thiab tau mus txog universal generality nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob. Ntawd yog, hauv nws txoj kev xav, qhov no yog theem siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev paub, npog tag nrho lub ntiaj teb txoj cai. Raws li Spencer, nws muaj nyob rau hauv evolutionism, uas yog, txoj kev loj hlob
Lavxias teb sab paj lug thiab lawv lub ntsiab. Paj lug thiab lawv lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab fairy tales. Nto moo Lavxias teb sab paj lug thiab sayings
Nyob rau hauv txhua haiv neeg ntawm ntau haiv neeg muaj cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb rau nws. Qee lub ntsiab lus tau qhia hauv cov lus ntawm cov neeg muab. Thiab lawv dhau los ntawm cov kev paub dhau los thiab kev paub, sib faib cov lus rau cov tiam tom ntej, nco txog ib qho xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas tseem ceeb rau keeb kwm ntawm kab lis kev cai no. Muaj ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus txhais lus ntawm kev qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov neeg sawv cev tshwj xeeb los ntawm pawg lus pej xeem txhais tau tias
