Xwm ntawm Kuzbass: ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov tsiaj thiab tsiaj, cov zaub mov, kev zoo nkauj ntawm ib puag ncig thiab tshuaj xyuas nrog cov duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55

Rau ntau thaj chaw thiab qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov xwm txheej, Kuzbass feem ntau hu ua pearl ntawm Siberia. Raws li qhov no yog qhov ncaj ncees, peb yuav sim txiav txim siab nws hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Nyob rau hauv nws koj yuav pom cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog qhov chaw nyob, nyem, huab cua, xwm thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm Kuzbass. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb yuav qhia koj txog qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws thiab cov khoom ntawm thaj av no.

Txoj kev thaj chaw thaj chaw thiab ntau haiv neeg ntawm thaj av

Kuzbass yog thaj av ib txwm muaj rau ntau dua ob thiab ib nrab lab tus neeg Lavxias. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws tsim nyog to taub toonymy. Kuzbass yog lub npe tsis raug cai ntawm cheeb tsam Kemerovo, nrog rau lub npe luv luv ntawm Kuznetsk thee phiab, thaj tsam uas kwv yees sib npaug nrog thaj tsam ntawm cov lus hais saum toj no ntawm Lavxias Federation. Thiab ua ntej koj pib piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm Kuzbass, koj yuav tsum paub txog qhov chaw nyob ntawm thaj av no hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav.

Yog li ntawd, cheeb tsam Kemerovo, yog tias koj saib ntawm daim ntawv qhia, nyob hauv thaj chaw geometric ntawm lub tebchaws. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub contours ntawm cheeb tsam zoo li cov txheej txheem ntawm tib neeg lub siab. Tus kws sau paj huam thiab tus kws sau nkauj ntawm Kuzbass Gennady Yurov ib zaug tau mloog rau qhov xav paub qhov tseeb:

"Yog koj saib daim ntawv qhia ntawm Siberia, lub siab ntawm lub siab raug cim rau ntawm nws"

Cov cheeb tsam npog thaj tsam ntawm 96 txhiab square kilometers, uas yog piv rau qhov loj ntawm European lub xeev xws li Hungary. Lub cheeb tsam Kemerovo nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Western Siberia. Los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, nws ncav cuag 500 mais, nyob nruab nrab ntawm 52nd thiab 56th degrees ntawm sab qaum teb latitude. Lub chaw tswj hwm ntawm cheeb tsam yog Kemerovo. Lwm lub nroog loj: Novokuznetsk, Prokopyevsk, Mezhdurechensk, Yurga.

Kev sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm Kuzbass yog tshwm sim, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev pab cuam, ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab av npog. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm cheeb tsam yog ntau haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau saum toj ntawm lub roob no koj tuaj yeem pom thaj tsam ntawm tundra, ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj - alpine meadows, nyob rau hauv lub roob qis - sib xyaw hav zoov, thiab nyob rau hauv lub intermountain bass - Islands tuaj ntawm steppe zaub.

Xwm ntawm Kuzbass: yees duab thiab video

Tuag yog suab nrov.

Lawv hu rau saum roob.

Niam txiv lub teb chaws tau hlub peb txij thaum yau.

Nkauj hmoob zoo nkauj ntxim siab, Ntsuag shores cares the look.

Cov kab no yog sau los ntawm Kuzbass kws sau paj lug Vladimir Ivanov. Lawv zoo kawg nkaus piav txog cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov xwm ntawm Kuzbass. Lub zos Siberian toj roob hauv pes tuaj yeem hloov pauvthiab ntxim nyiam leej twg nrog nws cov toj roob hauv pes sib piv, nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj xiav uas ntsiag to taiga yog intricately ua ke nrog cov yeeb yuj scatterings ntawm paj teb. Qhov xwm ntawm Kuzbass yog amazingly ntau haiv neeg! Txhua yam nyob ntawm no:

Primitive thiab mysterious forests

Npua dej thiab dej ntshiab

Snow-covered mountain peaks

Qhov tsua thiab pob zeb txawv txawv

Cov vis dis aus hauv qab no yuav pab koj nkag siab thiab paub qhov xwm txheej ntawm Kuzbass qhov tob dua, nrog rau nkag mus rau hauv nws txoj kev zoo nkauj nkauj xwb:

Ib qho lus piav qhia nthuav dav ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes ntawm Kuzbass yog muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab, ua ke, tus kws kos duab Alexander Smirnov. Nws hu lawv tias "xav", "siab" thiab "kev hlub" tib lub sijhawm. Peb yuav qhia koj ntxiv txog qhov xwm ntawm Kuzbass hauv qab no. Tshwj xeeb, peb yuav tham txog kev nyem, kev nyab xeeb, cov zaub mov, flora thiab fauna ntawm cheeb tsam Kemerovo.

Txhob Cia Siab

Geologically, thaj chaw ntawm Kuzbass tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Hercynian folding txog 540-250 lab xyoo dhau los. Nws yog nyob rau lub sijhawm no uas cov qauv tectonic tseem ceeb tau tsim, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv niaj hnub nyem ntawm thaj av no.

Feem ntau, ntau thaj chaw orographic tuaj yeem ua qhov txawv ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Kemerovo. Nws sab qaum teb yog thaj chaw tiaj tus,muab faib los ntawm lub hav dav ntawm Tom. Lub ridges ntawm lub Kuznetsk Alatau nce nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj. Nov yog qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Kuzbass - Mount Upper Hniav (2178 meters).

Lub hauv paus ntawm cheeb tsam yog nyob los ntawm qhov loj heev Kuznetsk Basin, ciam teb rau sab qab teb sab hnub poob los ntawm qis Salair Ridge. Sab qab teb nthuav dav ntawm Kuzbass yog ib lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb ntawm cov toj siab qis qis nrog qhov siab nruab nrab ntawm 500-1000 meters thiab cov pob zeb zoo heev, hu ua Mountain Shoria.

Mineral resources

Kuzbass yog Russia lub pantry, - Rich Nyob rau hauv ore thiab thee.

Golden wheat in the field

Kub nrog tooj liab hluav taws!

(Nadezhda Chimbarova)

Qhov kev nplua nuj tseem ceeb ntawm Kuzbass yog, tau kawg, thee. Yuav luag ib nrab ntawm nws mus rau coking. Nyob rau hauv lub Kuznetsk thee phiab, muaj tag nrho ntawm 130 txheej ntawm tawv thiab xim av thee. Lub ntsiab deposits yog concentrated nyob rau hauv Kemerovo, Yerunakovsky, Leninsk-Kuznetsky thiab Belovsky cheeb tsam. Coal mining yog ua los ntawm kev kaw (65%), qhib (30%), thiab hydraulic (5%) txoj kev.

Ntxiv rau cov thee, lub plab hnyuv ntawm Kuzbass muaj cov hlau ore, kub, phosphorite, roj shale. Lub cheeb tsam kuj tsim ib lub kaum ob thiab ib nrab ntawm ntau yam khoom siv raw.

Climate

Kuv nyiam Siberian xwm, Kuv nyiam nws ncaj.

Ib txwm, txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo

Nws muaj tseeb rau nws tus kheej.

(Stepan Torbakov)

Kev nyab xeeb hauv cheeb tsam Kemerovo yog nruab nrabteb chaws Europe. Lub caij ntuj no yog qhov ntev thiab txias, lub caij ntuj sov sov tab sis luv luv. Qhov nruab nrab lub Xya hli ntuj kub yog +17…+18 degrees, Lub ib hlis ntuj -17…-20 degrees. Lub sijhawm tsis muaj Frost yog 100-120 hnub hauv ib xyoos. Cov nag lossis daus txawv txawv: los ntawm 350 hli hauv cov tiaj tiaj mus rau 1000 hli hauv roob toj siab.

Hydrography

Vim muaj txaus moistening ntawm thaj chaw hauv Kuzbass, tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab dav siv dej. Cov dej loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam yog Tom, Mras-Su, Inya, Kiya, Yaya, Chumysh thiab Kondoma. Tag nrho cov no yog nyob rau hauv Ob lub phiab. Tus Dej Tom hla yuav luag tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm qaum teb hnub poob mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj.

Muaj qee lub pas dej hauv thaj av Kemerovo. Lawv pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv roob toj siab, nrog rau cov kwj ha ntawm cov dej loj. Lub pas dej loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam yog Berchikul. Lub reservoir yog xyaum tsis ntws: tsuas yog ib tug me me dej ntws tawm ntawm nws. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, lub pas dej poob ntau cov dej noo vim evaporation, tab sis cov dej hauv nws tseem yuav luag tsis hloov. Berchikul pub tsuas yog nyob rau hauv av springs.

toj roob hauv pes

Hauv Kuzbass, ntawm thaj chaw me me, muaj ntau hom toj roob hauv pes ib zaug. Cov no yog ntau xim alpine meadows, thiab pob zeb tundra thickets, thiab classic taiga hav zoov, thiab roob fir hav zoov nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov nyom siab. Nyob rau hauv intermountain basins thiab kev nyuaj siab, steppe toj roob hauv pes muaj ntau, nrog rau cov ntoo thuv hav zoov. Tag nrho cov hav zoov npog ntawm cheeb tsam mus txog 67%. Nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm hav zoov ntawm Kuzbass, yuav luag 40% yog tsaus coniferous"Firs".

Flora thiab fauna

Kemerovo cheeb tsam nyob hauv ob thaj chaw ntuj thiab botanical - hav zoov-steppe thiab subtaiga. Cov hav zoov ntawm Kuzbass yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntoo hauv qab no: fir, spruce, ntoo thuv, cedar, larch, aspen thiab birch. Qhov siab tshaj plaws hav zoov npog yog ib txwm rau thaj tsam yav qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj av, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus rau Kuznetsk phiab. Lub teeb birch hav zoov predominate nyob rau hauv foothills, thiab fir, spruce-fir thiab fir-aspen hav zoov dominate nyob rau hauv lub roob slopes.

Nyob hauv cheeb tsam muaj ntau haiv neeg. Cov mos lwj qus, roe mos lwj, elk thiab reindeer muaj nyob hauv thaj chaw ntoo. Muaj tseeb, tom kawg tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv Kuznetsk Alatau. Ntau yam tsiaj txhu kuj zoo siab heev hauv hav zoov - lynxes, hma, bears, hma liab thiab wolverines. Lub avifauna ntawm cheeb tsam yog sawv cev los ntawm capercaillie, dub grouse, taiga hazel grouse. Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim yog buzzards, peregrine falcons thiab kites dub. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Kemerovo, zologists suav 50 hom tsiaj, 150 hom noog thiab 7 hom ntses.

Xwm tiv thaiv cov khoom thiab thaj chaw

Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kemerovo Thaj Chaw muaj Shorsky National Park thiab Kuznetsky Alatau Nature Reserve. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov npe tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv thaj chaw ntawm Kuzbass suav nrog 14 ntau lub xeev reserves.

Shor National Park nyob hauv lub phiab ntawm tus dej Mras-Su thiab Kondoma. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1989 nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev khaws cia cov toj roob hauv pes Shoria (tshwj xeeb, cedar hav zoov.biocenoses thiab thaj chaw ntawm taiga dub). Qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub tiaj ua si zoo kawg no yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no, thiab yog li khaws nws qhov qub tsos.

Lub Kuznetsk Alatau Reserve yog lwm lub pov haum ntuj ntawm thaj av no. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub roob system ntawm tib lub npe. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov chaw khaws cia no yog 32 glaciers nrog thaj tsam tag nrho ntawm xya square kilometers. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw cia yog qhov chaw zes rau ntau hom noog taiga tsawg.

Cov khoom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm Kuzbass suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:

• Gavrilov qhov tsua.
• Tutal pob zeb.
• Kuzedeevskaya grove.
• YItkarinsky waterfall.
• Heavenly Teeth.
• King's Gate.
• Krestovsky swamps.
• Velvet Ridge.

Gavrilov qhov tsua yog ob lub qhov hauv av nrog qhov ntev ntawm 300 meters, nyob hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv Guryev. Lawv tau tshawb pom thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Raws li memoirs ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv zos, cov kab noj hniav hauv av tau siv los ncab rau ntau kaum mais. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, geologists tsoo ob peb nqe lus vim kev nyab xeeb.

Tutalsky pob zeb nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Yashkinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, ntawm sab xis ntawm Tom. Lawv sawv cev ntau outcrops ntawm tsaus shales. Cov pob zeb yog nrov ntawm cov neeg nce toj uas ua rau lawv cov kev txawj ntse ntawm no, nrog rau cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm, vim tias nws nyob ntawm lawv uas koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe nrov petroglyphs,hu ua "Tutalskaya pisanitsa".

Kuzedeevskaya relic linden grove yog nyob rau hauv thaj av Novokuznetsk hauv ib lub phiab me me. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, qhov tshwj xeeb "linden Island" nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm taiga tshwm sim thaum thawj lub hnub nyoog dej khov. Lub hav zoov tau pom los ntawm botanist Porfiry Krylov thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, thiab nyob rau hauv 1964 nws tau tshaj tawm tias yog ib tug natural monument.