Italian tso tsheb hlau luam: hom, tshuaj xyuas, specifications

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:54

Lub tswv yim los siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tuaj rau Italian tub rog hais kom ua ntej pib Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib. Raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm, nws yog cov neeg Italians uas yog thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb siv lub tsheb armored hauv Italo-Turkish teeb meem hauv xyoo 1912. Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim nyob rau hauv North Africa tau cim qhov pib ntawm kev tsim cov tsheb taug qab armored tsheb. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tej yam kev mob ntawm lub struts tsis pab mus rau lub dav siv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm Italian pab tub rog, ob peb ua tau zoo qauv tsim los ntawm cov tub rog kev lag luam ntawm lub xeev no. Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov cuab yeej thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qee lub tank Italian muaj nyob hauv kab lus.

Nws pib li cas?

Italian tank lub tsev yug hauv 1910. Lub sijhawm ntawd, cov tub rog Italian Royal twb muaj ntau lub tsheb armored ntawm nws tus kheej tsim. Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, kev sib tw hnyav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev poob tseem ceeb ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj, Italian cov kws ua lag luam thiab cov tub rog tau mloog zoo rau lub tank raws li ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev muab cov tub rog zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txij li thaum ua ntejThaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib, tsuas yog peb qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txais los ntawm Fabkis, kev tsim khoom ntawm Italian tso tsheb hlau luam poob rau lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog. Riam phom engineers qiv qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws txawv teb chaws tsim. Cov neeg lag luam Italian siv Fabkis ua Renault FT lub teeb tank thiab British Cardin-Lloyd Mk. IV wedge.

About manufacturers

Italian tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim los ntawm OTO Melara. Lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog lub chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog armored. Lub tuam txhab Fiat ua haujlwm ntawm kev txiav txim cais. Thaum tos qhov kev thov los ntawm cov tub rog hais kom ua, lub tuam txhab cov neeg tsim qauv tsim lawv tus kheej lub tank raws li Fabkis Renault FT-17. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau txais kev txiav txim, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov chav sib ntaus sib tua tau npaj rau xyoo 1918. Cov ntaub ntawv kev qhia tau teev tseg raws li FIAT-200.

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, txog thaum xyoo 1940 nws tsuas yog lub tank hnyav hauv Ltalis. Kev ua haujlwm ntxiv ntawm kev tsim cov tshuab ntawm xyoo 1940 los ntawm Italian gunsmiths tsis tau ua. Xyoo 1929, cov neeg tsim qauv ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv caug hnyav, tab sis qhov teeb meem tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim.

About tsheb sib ntaus sib tua

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kev tsim lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam Italian tau ua los ntawm cov lus Askiv tankette Mk. IV "Carden-Lloyd". Hauv kev pabcuam nrog Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Ltalis, nws tau teev npe ua Carlo Veloce (CV29). Tom qab ntawd, kev hloov kho tshiab CV 33, 35 thiab 38 tau tsim. Xyoo 1929, tau tsim lub tank siab."Ansaldo" nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm 8, 25 t.

Cov neeg coob muaj 3 tus neeg. Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua tau ua tub rog nrog 37- lossis 45-mm cannon thiab ib rab phom Fiat-14 ntawm 6.5 hli caliber. Lub tank tau nruab nrog lub cav 4-lub tog raj kheej ua kua-txias carburetor, uas nws lub zog yog 81 kW. Ntawm txoj kev loj, lub tank txav ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 43.5 km / h. Lub koom haum Fiat-Ansaldo tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov qauv ntawm cov qauv sib dua 5-tuj tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov tsheb sib ntaus sib tua no tau npaj muag rau txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv 1936, thawj version ntawm 5T tau npaj txhij. Txawm li cas los xij, Fiat-Ansaldo tsis tau txais kev txiav txim rau cov qauv no, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project no raug txiav.

Hauv xyoo 1937, cov neeg tsim qauv tau ua haujlwm ntawm kev sim lub teeb tank CV3. Raws li armament, 20-mm tsis siv neeg cannon tau siv, uas tau nruab nrog lub conical turret, thiab coaxial 8-mm tshuab rab phom, qhov chaw uas yog sab pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull. Lub tank thiab tankette muaj kev ncua zoo sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv 5-tuj tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, lub thawv turret tau nce. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau nruab nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hatches. Tsis tau txais kev txiav txim rau lub tank version no, thiab tsim ntxiv raug txiav tawm.

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua tau pom, nws yog qhov yuam kev los muab lub tankette lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tub rog tank los ntawm Ltalis. Cov tub rog xav tau lub teeb, nruab nrab thiab hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1938, cov tub rog hais kom hloov tag nrho cov tub rog tank.

L60/40

Xyoo 1939, Fiat-Ansaldo raws li 5T tau tsimtxhim kho lub tank. Kev tsim cov tsheb armored tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1940. Tus qauv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv technical yog teev raws li L60 / 40. Tsis zoo li 5T, lub sab sauv tau hloov nyob rau hauv lub tshiab version. Tam sim no cov tsheb armored muaj ib tug loj octagonal turret. Lub thickness ntawm lub frontal preservation yog 4 cm, lub hull - 3 cm. Ob sab thiab rear ntawm lub tank tau txais armor 1.5 cm tuab, shooting yog nqa tawm los ntawm ib tug 20-mm automatic cannon thiab 8-mm tshuab rab phom. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm lub tank nce mus rau 6.8 tons, ua tsaug rau ib tug hloov kho ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab lub hwj chim unit, lub hwj chim ntawm mus txog 68 litres. s., ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus, lub tsheb txav ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 42 km / h. Cov qauv no tau npaj rau kev xa tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Italian tau xav txog lub tank raws li kev tshawb nrhiav armored tsheb. Ntawm cov phiaj xwm 697 units, tsuas yog 402 tau tsim los ntawm Italian kev lag luam.

Cov tub rog Italian xav tau dab tsi?

Ua raws li cov lus qhia tau lees paub, cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Ltalis ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob yog peb hom, txhua tus muaj cov npe sib xws:

• "L". Lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam nrog rab phom tshuab tau koom nrog pawg no. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm cov tsheb armored tsis tshaj 5 tons.
• "M". Cov tank nruab nrab nrog cov phom tshuab ntxaib hauv cov turrets. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsheb no txawv ntawm 7 mus rau 10 tons, hnyav nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam nrog qhov loj ntawm 11-13 tons kuj tau koom nrog pawg no, lawv tau nruab nrog cov phom tshuab coaxial. Ntxiv nrog rau lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, 37-mm cannon tau txuas nrog. Lub hull ntawm lub tank tau los ua nws qhov chaw. Raucov phom tau muab rau txwv cov kab rov tav aiming.
• "R". Cov tank hnyav nruab nrab tau teev nyob rau hauv qhov kev xaiv no.

Tsis ntev, cov lus qhia tau hloov kho, raws li lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam tau siv phom tshuab ntawm 13.2 hli caliber, nruab nrab lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov phom tsis siv neeg, lub caliber uas tsis pub tshaj 20 hli, thiab cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab hnyav. nrog 47-mm cannons. Tom qab ntawv xaiv tsa, lub xyoo ntawm kev saws me nyuam tau qhia. Thaum pib ntawm Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, kev lag luam tub rog Italian tau tsim 1,500 tsheb sib ntaus sib tua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub teeb "L6 / 40" thiab nruab nrab "M11 / 39".

Lub tsev Tank thaum lub sijhawm tsov rog xyoo

Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Ltalis muaj peev xwm tsis muaj zog rau kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Txog xyoo 1943, tsuas yog lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab lub tank nruab nrab M13/40, M14/41 thiab M15/42 tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv 1942, siv cov lus Askiv Crusader, Italian designers ua ib tug nruab nrab sim high-ceev tank "Carro Armato Celere Sahariano" nrog ib tug hnyav sib ntaus sib tua ntawm 13.1 tons.

Cov neeg coob muaj 4 tus neeg. Cov tsheb armored yog armored nrog 47 mm Cannone da 47 cannon thiab ob lub 8 hli Breda 38 tshuab phom. Lub zog cog yog sawv cev los ntawm 12-lub tog raj kheej hauv-kab kua-txias carburetor cav. Lub zog ntawm chav tsev mus txog 250 horsepower. Lub tank nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ncua ntawm lub tiaj tiaj tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov ceev ntawm 71 km / h. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tsheb armored no tsis tau mus rau hauv koob.

Los ntawm 1940 txog 1943, tsuas yog 2300 units tau tsim los ntawm Italian kev lag luamtanks uas tsis tshua muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua yam ntxwv. Txij li thaum lub teb chaws tsis muaj armored tsheb txaus nyob rau hauv 1943, lub German 1st tank battalion ntawm lub SS division "Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler" nkag mus rau hauv lub Italian pem hauv ntej. German-ua Panther tso tsheb hlau luam tau dav siv nyob rau hauv ltalis, nrog rau tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm 71 tsheb. Hauv 44th, lwm 76 units tau txais.

Post-war

Nws tau txwv tsis pub tsim cov tank tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Qhov no kuj siv rau lwm yam riam phom hnyav. Lub teb chaws lub tank rog tau nruab nrog cov tsheb tub rog Asmeskas. Qhov xwm txheej hloov tom qab xyoo 1970s. Txij thaum ntawd los, tshiab Italian tso tsheb hlau luam tau tsim los ntawm German Leopard 1A4. Cov qauv no tau ua lub hauv paus rau lub ntsiab Italian tank F-40. Cov khoom siv tub rog tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom me me thiab tsuas yog muag rau lwm lub tebchaws. Nyob rau xyoo 1990, Italian tank rog tau nruab nrog tus kheej tsim S-1 Ariete kev sib ntaus sib tua tsheb. Cov qauv no suav hais tias yog lub cim thib peb lub tank thiab, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tus nqi kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

F-40

Kev tsim cov tsheb armored ntawm tus qauv no tau siv sijhawm los ntawm 1981 txog 1985. Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov txheej txheem classic thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav ntawm 45.5 tons. Cov neeg coob muaj 4 tus neeg. Cov txheej txheem nrog dov steel anti-ballistic armor. Lub tank tau nruab nrog 105 mm OTO Melara rifled phom nrog 57 rounds ntawm mos txwv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob lub tshuab phom 7.62 hli MG-3 tau siv. Lub zog cog yog sawv cev los ntawm V-shaped 10-lub tog raj kheejkua-txias plaub-stroke diesel cav. Chav tsev muaj peev xwm ntawm 830 horsepower. Nrog rau ib tug neeg torsion bar ncua kev kawm ntawv, rau cov hydraulic shock absorbers tau muab, lub tank txav ntawm ib tug ceev ntawm 60 km / h ntawm ib tug tiaj tus.

Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm ntawm S-1 "Ariete"

• Tus qauv no yog cais raws li lub ntsiab tank ntawm ltalis.
• Lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua nrog cov qauv qub thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 54t.
• Tseem muaj 4 tus neeg ua haujlwm.
• Tank nrog steel thiab ua ke nrog cov cuab yeej ua tub rog.
• Riam phom suav nrog 120mm Melara OTO smoothbore cannon, ob rab phom 7.62mm MG-3 thiab ob lub 66mm pa taws grenade launchers.
• Muaj 42 lub plhaub hauv cov mos txwv phom loj.
• Nrog 1275 hp V-12 MTCA cav. nrog. thiab ib tug neeg torsion bar ncua kev kawm ntawv, armored tsheb nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj mus txog speeds txog li 65 km / h.

Tsim tawm xyoo 1995 txog 2002. Lub sijhawm no, 200 units tau tsim.