Rodnovery yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ntseeg tshiab, uas yog kev tsim kho dua tshiab ntawm kev ntxias neo-pagan. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm Slavic neo-paganism. Rodnovers tshaj tawm lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm pre-Christian kev ntseeg thiab rituals raws li lawv lub hom phiaj. Qee qhov kev xyaum "npe" thiab "huv" rites, ua rau cov npe pagan tshiab.
History of origin
Thawj Rodnovers yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Slavic neo-paganism, uas tshwm sim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Cov kev pab cuam rau lawv yog cov hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab-Polish ethnographer Zorian Dolenga-Khodakovsky, uas nyob rau hauv nws treatise "Nyob rau Slavs ua ntej cov ntseeg Vajtswv" tshaj tawm lub fallacy ntawm lub Christianization ntawm lub Slavs, ua pov thawj qhov yuav tsum tau rau lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm paganism. Nws txoj haujlwm tau luam tawm xyoo 1818.
Nyob rau xyoo 1848, phau ntawv ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv Polish thiab tus kws tshawb fawb Bronislaw Trentowski Slavic Faith, lossis Ethics,tus kav lub qab ntuj khwb.” Nws sau hais tias cov Slavic gods yog txawv hypostases ntawm ib tug vajtswv, nrog rau cov ntseeg ib tug.
Lub zog loj ntawm pagan Rodnovers tau pib ua qauv hauv 20s thiab 30s ntawm xyoo pua 20th ntawm Ukrainians thiab Poles. Nyob rau hauv 1921, lub Polish neo-pagan Vladislav Kolodzei tsim lub "Holy Circle ntawm cov Followers ntawm Svyatovit". Tam sim no, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm "Native Polish Lub Koom Txoos", sau npe nyob rau hauv 1995, raug suav hais tias yog nws cov neeg ntseeg kev ntseeg.
Nyob rau xyoo 1937, tus neeg Polish haiv neeg Jan Stachniuk, tus sau phau ntawv "Christianity thiab Humanity", tau teeb tsa lub zog ntawm tib lub npe nyob ib ncig ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Lub Zej Zog", luam tawm hauv Warsaw.
Hauv Ukraine, xibfwb Vladimir Shayan, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Sanskrit, tau los ua thawj lub tswv yim ntawm Rodnovers. Nws koom tes nrog Ukrainian Insurgent Army, uas nyob rau hauv 1936 txawm suav nrog ib pab pawg neeg hu ua Perun. Xyoo 1945, Shayan nws tus kheej tau tsim "Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Knights ntawm Lub Hnub Vajtswv"
qhov xwm txheej hauv tebchaws Russia niaj hnub
Nyob rau hauv Russia niaj hnub no, leej twg cov neeg ntseeg qub-Rodnovers yog, tau paub thaum lub sijhawm perestroika. Nws yog thaum ntawd cov zej zog kev cai dab qhuas ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no tau pib tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej, yog li niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem tham txog lawv qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb.
thawj lub koom haum tsis raug cai ntawm Lavxias, Belarusian thiab Ukrainian pagans suav nrog ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm humanitarian, scientific, technical thiab muaj tswv yim txawj ntse. Lawv tsis kam lees txais cov kev hloov pauv uas tau tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws, yogtawm tsam txhawb lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox hauv zej zog.
cov thawj coj ntawm kev coj
Txij thaum pib ntawm 90s, thawj thawj coj ntawm Slavs-Rodnovers tau tshwm sim, tau txais koob meej sai. Ntawm lawv, kws sau ntawv Alexander Belov, tus kws tshawb fawb txog kev puas siab puas ntsws Grigory Yakutovsky, culturologist thiab philosopher Alexei Evgenievich Nagovitsyn sawv tawm.
Txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm Rodnovers hauv Russia tau txaus siab los ntawm lub teb chaws anarchist Alexei Dobrovolsky. Nws tau los ua tus sau ntawm programmatic tsab xov xwm rau ntau neo-pagans "Xub ntawm Yarila", uas tau muab faib rau hauv samizdat. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm nws daim ntawv qhia tam sim no suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tawm tsam. Dobrovolsky yog ib tug dissident thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm lub Soviet Union. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, nws tawm mus rau lub zos ntawm Vesenevo nyob rau hauv lub Kirov cheeb tsam, los ntawm qhov chaw uas nws ua hauj lwm propaganda.
Lwm tus thawj coj ntawm Rodnovers lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus kws tshaj lij Viktor Bezverkhy. Rov qab rau xyoo 1986, nws nrhiav tau qhov zais cia "Society of Magi" hauv Leningrad. Txij li thaum xyoo 1990 nws tau raug hu ua Union of Veneds.
Kev tshaj tawm thiab kev tshaj xov xwm ua haujlwm tau ua rau muaj kev tshwm sim ntawm kaum ob ntawm cov zej zog zoo li no nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm yav dhau los Soviet koom pheej. Tom qab ntawd ntau tus tau kawm tias Rodnovers yog neo-pagans uas tau koom nrog tshaj tawm lawv cov tswv yim, npaj thiab npaj cov hnub so rau cov neeg Slavs.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1994, kev tawm tsam tau tshwm sim ntawm ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw Smolensk thiab Kaluga, uas niaj hnub no tau nthuav tawm thawj zaug Kupala hnub so hauv tebchaws Russia tau ntev. Tsuas yog 19 tau koom nrog.txiv neej.
Kev sib sau thiab sib cais
thawj lub koom haum kev cai dab qhuas neo-pagan yog Moscow Slavic pagan zej zog. Nws tau txais cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam los ntawm Ministry of Justice thaum ntxov 1994. Nws tau ua haujlwm tsis raug cai txij li xyoo 1980s. Nws cov thawj coj yog cov uas twb hais lawm Belov thiab cov Arab scholar, ib tug ntawm adherents ntawm anti-Semitism, Valery Yemelyanov.
Xyoo 1989, lub zej zog no tau tuav thawj qhov kev pabcuam pagan hauv RSFSR. Nws tshwm sim ze ntawm Gorky railway. Nws cov neeg tuaj koom pe hawm Khors, Slavic vajtswv ntawm lub hnub. Kuj tseem muaj "kev tiv thaiv kev cai raus dej" ceremony rau neophytes, ua qauv qhia kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog.
Tsis ntev los no, kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj tau pib ntawm cov neo-pagans. Nws paub meej tias yuav ua li cas npau taws rau Rodnover. Vim muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev xav, Belov cais Yemelyanov los ntawm cov zej zog, thiab tsis ntev nws nws tus kheej tawm hauv cov qib ntawm cov founders. Tus thawj coj tshiab, Sergei Ignatov, tab tom tshuaj xyuas feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm nws cov thawj coj ntawm kev lis kev cai, kab lis kev cai, thiab kev ntseeg. Nws txiav txim siab tsom mus rau "kev kho dua tshiab" ntawm hnub so thiab kev ua koob tsheej.
Ua tsaug rau nws txoj cai lij choj, Moscow Slavic pagan zej zog pib txheej txheem ntawm kev koom ua ke tag nrho Rodnovers hauv lub tebchaws. Kev sib raug zoo raug tsim los nrog cov neeg muaj siab nyiam hauv Czech koom pheej, Poland, thiab Ukraine. Lub tswv yim ntawm kev koom ua ke Lavxias teb sab Rodnovers rau hauv ib lub koom haum tshwm.
Hauv xyoo 1997, lub rooj sib tham tsim tsa tau muaj nyob hauv Kaluga. Lub taub hau ntawm founded UnionSlavic zej zog ntawm haiv neeg txoj kev ntseeg xaiv Vadim Kazakov. Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, ntau lub zej zog me thiab loj los ntawm thoob plaws lub tebchaws tau suav nrog hauv Union. Kazakov so haujlwm tsuas yog xyoo 2011.
Xyoo 1998, Moscow Slavic pagan zej zog thiab Obninsk zej zog "Triglav" tau tawm hauv Union vim kev tsis pom zoo nrog Kazakov. Xyoo 2002, "Bitzev Appeal" tau tshwm sim, cov kws sau ntawv uas tawm tsam chauvinism, uas tau dhau los ua thoob plaws lub sijhawm ntawd hauv neo-paganism. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau piss tawm ntawm Rodnover. Qhov tshwm sim yog kev tsim lub voj voog ntawm Pagan kev lig kev cai. Nws koom ua ke cov zej zog loj tshaj plaws ntawm Rodnovers uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd hauv Russia.
Kev rau txim ntawm pseudoscientific theories
Nyob rau xyoo 2009, lub voj voog ntawm Pagan Kev lig kev cai thiab lub Union ntawm Slavic Cov Zej Zog pom qhov sib xws. Lawv tshaj tawm cov lus sib koom ua ke uas lawv rau txim rau ntau tus kws sau ntawv nrov thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, liam tias lawv nthuav tawm lawv txoj haujlwm ua piv txwv ntawm pagan worldview thiab views. Cov thawj coj ntawm cov zej zog tau txiav txim siab tias nws yuav tsum ceeb toom tag nrho lawv cov neeg txhawb nqa tias thaum nyeem cov phau ntawv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv no, lawv yuav raug ntxias los ntawm lawv cov kev xav yuam kev, uas yog qhov tsis zoo rau kev tshawb fawb. Cov lus qhia hauv qhov kev thov rov hais dua no yog hu ua pseudolinguistics, ncaj ncees speculation thiab pseudoscience.
Cov lus thov cuam tshuam txog ntau tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb uas tau suav tias yog yav dhau los Rodnovers. Hauv particular, cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws kho mob ntawm Philosophy Valery Chudinov, hu uatus sau ntawm pseudoscientific theories thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm linguistics thiab ancient Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm. Cov kws tshaj lij ntaus nqi nws tej hauj lwm rau ib hom ntawv ntawm pej xeem keeb kwm. Tus sau phau ntawv occult qhia Nikolai Levashov, uas cov neeg sau xov xwm characterizes tus creator ntawm tag nrho cov cult "Renaissance. Golden Age" nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, kuj tau txais nws. Nws yog tus sau phau ntawv hu ua "Russia in Crooked Mirrors", uas tau lees paub tias yog neeg phem. Lawv kuj thuam lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum tshiab kev cai dab qhuas "Old Russian Church of Orthodox Old Believers-Ynglings." Qhov kev ua ntawm nws lub zej zog raug txwv nyob rau hauv 2004, raws li lub tsev hais plaub txiav txim siab nws lub tswv yim yog extremist.
Nyob rau xyoo 2012, cov haujlwm ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, suav nrog tus kws sau ntawv Mikhail Zadornov, tau lees paub tias yog pseudoscientific.
Basic of the Doctrine
Rodnoverie yog kev ntseeg raws li kev pe hawm ntawm pantheon ntawm Slavic vajtswv. Nws yog raws li kev tshawb fawb tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab archaeologist, tus kws tshaj lij hauv keeb kwm ntawm Ancient Russia thiab Slavic kab lis kev cai, Boris Aleksandrovich Rybakov.
Cov neeg uas nyob ze ntawm lub voj voog ntawm kev cai dab qhuas tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau qhov teeb meem dogmatic, pom qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ntseeg tam sim no. Lawv pom zoo tias cov neeg pagan yog tus tuav ntawm kev ntseeg ntuj thiab lub ntiaj teb kev pom pagan, nyob hauv kev sib haum xeeb thiab sib haum xeeb nrog nws. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kom paub txog lub ntiaj teb raws li ib tug muaj sia nyob, uas yog suav hais tias tantamount rau kev lees paub ntawm nws txoj cai Divine.
Vim qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Rodnovery, pantheons ntawm vajtswv tej zaum yuav txawv, tab sis feem ntau ntawm Slavic deities tseem nyobtsis hloov. Cov no yog Svarog, Perun, Kolyada, Veles, Makosh, Lada, Stribog, Yarila.
Symbolics
Kev paub ntawm Rodnovers nrog lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev ntseeg pagan pib nrog ib qho cim cim. Lavxias teb sab Rodnovers, raws li txoj cai, siv 6-duab tshav lossis 8-duab tshav swastika, uas yog coj mus rau clockwise. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws symbolizes lub nce toj.
Kolyadnik lossis 8-beam Kolovrat tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm Union ntawm Slavic Zej Zog. Nws yog tam sim no muaj nrog rau ob Slavic rune "Lub zog", lub keeb kwm hav zoov uas tsuas yog hypothetically.
Holidays
Rodnovery siv zog ua raws li Slavic kab lig kev cai thiab kab lis kev cai. Muaj cov txheej txheem sab nraud nrog kev koom tes ntawm ntau tus neeg thiab cov neeg sab hauv, uas lawv sib sau ua ke tshwj xeeb hauv pab pawg me. Piv txwv li, qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj lub rooj sib tham ntawm "Lub voj voog ntawm Pagan kev lig kev cai" tau xaus nrog kev ua koob tsheej bonfires, coj "xav tau" rau cov deities. Lawv muaj nyob rau hnub so tau cim los ntawm ntau tus mlom tshwj xeeb.
Feem ntau ntawm cov koom haum pagan hauv niaj hnub Russia ua kev zoo siab rau plaub hnub so hnub ci tseem ceeb ntawm Rodnovers. Cov no yog Kolyada, Ivan Kupala, Komoyeditsa, Tausen. Cia peb saib tag nrho cov hnub so hauv lub ntsiab lus.
Kolyada yog hnub so ntawm Rodnovers, uas sib haum rau lub caij ntuj no solstice, ib qho piv txwv ntawm Slavic Christmas. Nws cov cwj pwm yuav tsum yog cov mummers, uas siv horns, tawv nqaij thiab qhov ncauj qhov ntswg, thiabnkauj kho siab, kev sib tham, kev ua si hluas, kev txhawb nqa ntawm carolers.
Komoeditsa yog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav equinox. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws yog nplooj siab rau lub awakening ntawm dais, thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Academician Rybakov tau sau tseg tias lub npe ntawm cov hnub so no los ntawm Indo-European cag, tib yam li Greek "comedy". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws tshawb fawb tau koom nrog nws nrog kev yos hav zoov ntawm dais, ntaus nqi rau lub sijhawm ntawm Pob Zeb Age.
Ivan Kupala yog lub caij ntuj sov solstice. Qhov no yog ib tug ancient hnub so rau feem ntau Slavs, uas yog txuam nrog lub siab tshaj plaws flowering ntawm xwm. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias hmo ua ntej hnub no tau dhau los ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb txawm tias hnub so nws tus kheej.
Thaum kawg, qhov no yog Tausen, uas yog, lub caij nplooj zeeg equinox. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau tswj hwm kom ua tiav cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau qoob loo, ua kev zoo siab rau qhov kawg ntawm xyoo ua haujlwm hauv thaj teb. Hauv daim duab ntawm Rodnovers koj tuaj yeem pom tias qhov no thiab lwm yam xwm txheej ua kev zoo siab hnub no.
Kev saib ntawm Rodnovery
Los ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm ethnology, niaj hnub Rodnovery tau ua tib zoo kawm los ntawm Kws Kho Mob ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb Viktor Alexandrovich Shnirelman. Hauv ntiaj teb neo-paganism, tus kws tshaj lij tau sau tawm ob lub ntsiab lus. Nws yog ib qho kev xav ntawm neo-paganism uas tau nthuav dav ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse hauv nroog. Qhov kev qhia no yog xyaum tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog ib haiv neeg tiag tiag. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ntseeg pej kum neeg tau raug txhawb siab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, qhov twg ib txoj kab ntawm kev vam meej tuaj yeem taug qab los ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tob tob.
Neo-paganism yog suav tias yog feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm kev pom ntawm LavxiasNationalism, uas tsis lees paub Orthodoxy, tsis xav tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub teb chaws tus nqi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau muab cais tawm, ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias neo-paganism ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntuj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev vam meej niaj hnub no thiab kev cawmdim ntawm lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai los ntawm modernization. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau haiv neeg, tawm tsam cov ntseeg, kev tawm tsam Semitic.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, txoj haujlwm ntawm Rodnovers feem ntau raug txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tsev hais plaub, thaum lawv txiav txim siab txog kev lees paub ntawm qee yam khoom siv neo-pagan li cov neeg phem.
Txoj kev ntseeg ntawm pawg ntseeg
Xyoo 2004, tus thawj coj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Lavxias Orthodox, Alexy II, tau hais tias kev sib kis ntawm neo-paganism yog ib qho kev hem thawj tseem ceeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st. Nws muab tso rau ntawm qhov sib piv nrog kev ua phem thiab lwm yam kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev vam meej niaj hnub no.
Nyob rau hauv teb, lub voj voog ntawm Pagan Kev lig kev cai tau xa ib tsab ntawv mus rau Vaj Ntsuj Synod ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj, nyob rau hauv uas nws tshaj tawm qhov inadmissibility ntawm tej nqe lus uas ua txhaum lub meej mom thiab hwm ntawm niaj hnub pagans, ua txhaum txoj cai ntawm kev ywj pheej. ntawm lub siab.
Nyob rau xyoo 2014, tus yawg koob yawg koob Kirill tau hais tias thaum sim khaws lub teb chaws nco, muaj xwm txheej txaus ntshai thiab mob tshwm sim, uas suav nrog cov kev ntseeg cuav-Lavxias teb sab pagan. Lub taub hau ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj pom lub hauv paus ntawm qhov no nyob rau hauv lub revision ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm nyob rau hauv 1990 thiab tsis quav ntsej qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog kev poob kev ntseeg ntawm cov neeg hauv lawv lub tebchaws.
Kev tawm tsam los ntawm Rodnovers ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm txoj kev ntseeg yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, tab sis tseemmuaj precedents. Xyoo 2008, Rodnover nationalists Stanislav Lukhmyrin, David Bashelutskov thiab Yevgenia Zhikhareva ua ib lub foob pob uas tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub hub. Lub fuse yog firecracker. Cov neeg phem tau tso nws tseg hauv lub Koom Txoos St. Nicholas tus Wonderworker hauv Biryulyovo, qhov chaw uas muaj cov khoom tawg tau pom los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom lub koom txoos. Nws sim muab lub hnab haus luam yeeb tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws poob qhov muag thiab tau txais lub ntsej muag kub hnyiab.
