Edible russula: yees duab, piav qhia, yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm inedible?

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:53

Autumn yog qhov nthuav dav tiag tiag rau cov nyiam nceb pickers. Qhov ntsuas rustling ntawm nplooj hauv qab taw, cua txias thiab qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw qab ntawm hav zoov nag yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev yos hav zoov rau nceb: russula, chanterelles, champignons…

Yuav kom muaj kev ua si zoo li no coj los tsuas yog kev nco zoo siab thiab lub sijhawm zoo, koj yuav tsum paub zoo txog cov nceb. Piv txwv li, edible thiab inedible russula. Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv lawv thiaj li hais tias nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev siv tsis muaj unpleasant surprises? Peb tsab xov xwm yuav mob siab rau lub ncauj lus no.

Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau cov lus nug uas ntxim nyiam: cov nceb no loj hlob nyob qhov twg? Lawv ntau yam yog dab tsi? Koj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov duab thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm russula edible thiab inedible russula, thiab cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau lawv cov cim.

Yog li, ntsib - kev zoo nkauj qab, hav zoov huab tais, ib qho khoom noj qab haus huv ntawm txhua lub tais … Thiab yooj yim - russula yog noj tau!

tsev neeg ntxim nyiam

Russula tsev neeg - ib hom nceb loj heev hauv peb lub tebchaws. Lawv muaj npe vim hais tias lawv tuaj yeem noj tsis tau tsuas yog tom qab kev kho cua sov, tab sis kuj nyoos. Thiab txawm hais tias tsev neeg no tsis suav tias yog delicacy lossis tsawg, nws saj thiabcov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo heev thiab ntxim nyiam txawm tias cov khoom noj tsis zoo.

Cov nceb tsev neeg loj hlob nyob rau hauv sib xyaw thiab coniferous hav zoov, nyob ib sab ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov ntoo siab, nkag mus rau hauv ib hom kev phooj ywg symbiosis nrog lawv (lub npe lom ntawm lub koom haum yog mycorrhiza).

Ordinary edible russula muaj lub hau, phaj, qia, pulp thiab spore hmoov. Ntau hom russula txawv ntawm ib leeg ntawm cov xim, cov duab thiab lwm yam sab nraud thiab cov khoom.

Yuav kom paub seb russula zoo li cas, koj yuav tsum tau paub nrog cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov nceb qab no.

Russula ntsuab

Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv hav zoov cog nrog deciduous los yog coniferous-deciduous ntoo. Nws hlub thaj chaw ntawm cov qoob loo xws li ntoo qhib, beech thiab birch. Nws pib nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau xyoo kaum ob ntawm Lub Xya Hli thiab txaus siab rau cov nceb pickers nrog nws lub xub ntiag mus txog thaum pib lub Kaum Hli.

Cov russula noj tau li cas? Daim duab thiab piav qhia ntawm hom no yog hauv qab no.

Lub kaus mom ntawm cov nceb feem ntau ncav cuag tsib mus rau kaum tsib centimeters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, thaum ntxov nws muaj ib tug hemispherical puab, thiab ces ua convex, me ntsis kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Cov xim ib txwm ntawm lub kaus mom, raws li lub npe qhia, nws txawv ntawm grey-ntsuab thiab tsaus ntsuab. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub kaus mom tsis du, vim nws nyiam tawg thiab tawm.

Cov nplooj tsawb yog xim qab zib. Nyob ze ntawm lub hauv paus, lawv intertwine thiab cais los ntawm qia, uas muaj ib tug cylindrical zoo thiab dawb (tsawg dua - liab-xim av)xim. Kaw rau hauv paus, ceg yog npog nrog me me nplai.

Lub pulp ntawm ntsuab russula muaj zog thiab dawb. Nws muaj qab zib, me ntsis nutty tsw thiab maj mam tsw.

Ntawm cov nceb no yuav tsum ceev faj kom tsis txhob nkim nws nrog daj ntseg grebe. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib xws ntawm ob tsob ntoo no, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb - cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lom muaj lub nplhaib ntawm ceg thiab Volvo.

YYuav ua li cas ua zaub ntsuab russula? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yuav tsum tau boiled (tsis ntau tshaj kaum tsib feeb), thiab ces koj twb tau noj nws. Pickled thiab pickled nceb kuj zoo.

Russula ocher

Loj hlob nyob rau yav qab teb latitudes, feem ntau los ntawm kaum xyoo thib ob ntawm Lub Yim Hli mus rau thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Nws nyiam nyob ze ntawm firs, birches thiab oaks, burrow rau hauv moss thiab damp foliage.

Lub kaus mom ntawm cov russula edible no yog xim daj thiab convex nyob rau hauv cov duab, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntub nws cov tawv nqaij yog me ntsis nplaum rau kov, thiab nyob rau hauv kub huab cua nws yog qhuav heev.

Lub qia tuab ntawm nceb, plaub mus rau yim centimeters siab, yog dawb los yog daj me ntsis.

Cov nplooj ntoo yog nyias thiab nquag, xim av lossis xim daj. Lub pulp yog dawb thiab ntom, me ntsis pungent thiab ntsim hauv saj. Qab heev ocher russula nyob rau hauv s alted los yog pickled daim ntawv.

Russula

hom no muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub hav zoov thiab hav zoov cog, nws tsis loj hlob hauv roob xwb. Nws nyiam nyob ze ntawm birches thiab oaks. Hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab ntawm cov zaub mov noj russula.

Hatntawm cov tsiaj no, tsib mus rau kaum ib centimeters nyob rau hauv lub cheeb, muaj ib tug ca, me ntsis convex puab thiab ntau yam xim: los ntawm dawb huv los yog lub teeb grey mus lilac xim av los yog tob liab.

Cov phaj ntawm cov fungus, adherent mus rau qia, nyob heev heev. Thawj theem lawv yog cov dawb, ces lub teeb cream.

Russula ceg muaj zog thiab cylindrical, feem ntau yog dawb, nrog me ntsis ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov xim ntawm lub hau.

Lub paj ntawm cov nroj tsuag kuj muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo sib haum rau lub kaus mom. Nws muaj ib tug qab ntxiag saj ntawm hazelnut thiab ib tug me ntsis qhib aroma. Nws raug pom zoo kom boil lub nceb rau kaum tsib feeb ua ntej noj.

Russula xiav-daj

Lwm hom nceb noj. Nws loj hlob hauv cov hav zoov sib xyaw, tsim kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag deciduous xws li birch, ntoo qhib, aspen. Pib loj hlob txij thaum pib lub Rau Hli mus txog rau thawj hnub ntawm lub Cuaj Hli.

Lub kaus mom russula yog qhov loj heev, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag kaum tsib centimeters hauv txoj kab uas hla, ob lub suab (xim ntawm lub kaus mom feem ntau yog ntsuab lossis xim av, thiab cov npoo muaj xim liab). Qhov saum npoo yog wrinkled thiab fibrous.

Cov phiaj yog dav thiab silky, lub teeb cream los yog dawb.

Lub qia ntawm nceb kuj loj, txog xya mus rau kaum ob centimeters ntev thiab ob mus rau peb centimeters tuab. Cov xim yog dawb, nrog ib tug liab doog tint.

Lub pulp yog lub teeb, muaj zog, qab heev tom qab ua noj ua haus hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom qab los yog ntsev.

Russula greying

Lwm hom russula edible. Nws lwm lub npe yogploj mus. Cov tsiaj no pom muaj nyob hauv hav zoov coniferous nrog cov av noo siab, nyiam nyob ze ze ntawm cov ntoo thuv, hauv moss thickets thiab blueberries.

Lub kaus mom nceb tuaj yeem ncav cuag kaum ib centimeters hauv txoj kab uas hla. Cov tawv nqaij xim av-txiv kab ntxwv yog qhov nyuaj tshem tawm.

Cov phiajcim ntawm russula fading yog ruaj khov rau ntawm qia, feem ntau teem thiab ornate. Lub qia nws tus kheej, me ntsis tapering rau saum, yuav siv sij hawm ib tug tsaus grey hue nrog lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab yog hnyav wrinkled.

Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov nceb muaj zog thiab dawb, tab sis sai sai ua rau xim tsaus thaum raug huab cua. Me ntsis qab zib nyob rau hauv tsw thiab saj, feem ntau siv rau ua noj ua haus ob chav kawm, heev six nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pickles.

Yog li, peb tau tshuaj xyuas kom meej ntau hom russula edible. Dab tsi yog lawv cov txheeb ze inedible? Cia peb kawm.

Mhrooms tsis haum los yog lom?

Ua ntej txiav txim siab qhov sib txawv ntawm russula edible thiab inedible russula, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom tiag tiag nceb ntawm tsev neeg no. Yog tias cov nroj tsuag suav tias tsis tsim nyog rau tib neeg noj, nws tsuas yog vim tias nws ua rau lub plab ua rau lub plab tsis zoo (yog li ua rau mob thiab ntuav). Ib qho xwm txheej zoo li no tsis yog qhov xwm txheej classic ntawm nceb lom.

Dab tsi yog hom russula inedible?

Biliary

Feem ntau cov kab mob no loj hlob hauv cov av acidic, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze beech, ntoo qhib thiab spruce. tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub Rau Hli thiab loj hlob mus txog lub Cuaj Hli.

Cov nroj tsuag muaj lub kaus mom me me (plaub mus rau cuaj centimeters hauv txoj kab uas hla) nrog cov quav cab daj xim thiab cov phaj txiv kab ntxwv ntau zaus.

Lub hollow club-shaped qia ntawm nceb, ntev peb mus rau xya centimeters, kuj muaj lub teeb daj daj.

Russula pulp yog dawb, unpleasantly iab hauv saj thiab tsw. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus siv nws nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv s alted tom qab ntev boiling thiab soaking nyob rau hauv ob peb dej.

Corrosive Russula

hom nceb no kuj suav tias yog qhov tsis tsim nyog rau zaub mov. Raws li qee qhov chaw txawv teb chaws, nws txawm tias muaj qee yam tshuaj toxicity, uas yog vim qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov muscarine alkaloid pom hauv cov nroj tsuag. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nceb pickers hauv peb cheeb tsam qee zaum siv cov russula hauv cov pickles (tom qab so kom huv si thiab kho cua sov).

Hlawv lossis emetic - ob lub npe ntxiv rau cov fungus, qhia txog nws qhov iab thiab pungent saj, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plab zom mov.

Lub russula no muaj lub kaus mom liab me me (txog li yim txog cuaj centimeters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla) thiab cylindrical pinkish ceg (txog li xya centimeters siab).

Birch russula

Hom no suav tias yog inedible lossis conditionally inedible vim nws ntse, me ntsis iab saj. Tom qab noj cov nceb no, cov neeg mob uas muaj kev phom sij tsawg tau raug kaw.

Tus russula no nyiam nyob hauv hav zoov birch thiab spruce, swamps thiab lwm yam ntub dejnto. Loj hlob txij thaum nruab nrab Lub Rau Hli mus txog Kaum Ib Hlis.

Cov nceb hau me me (peb mus rau tsib centimeters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla), me ntsis kev nyuaj siab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, nqaij tawv thiab yooj yim nkig. Cov xim ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov sib txawv heev: los ntawm kub kub mus rau xiav-liab.

Russula daim hlau kuj tsis yooj yim heev (vim lawv nyias thiab tsis tshua muaj).

Ntxhais lub teeb ntawm nceb, ntub dej nag, feem ntau thins upwards. Nws yog wrinkled rau sab nraud thiab hollow nyob rau hauv.

Sardonyx russula

Siv inedible vim nws iab saj, raw yuav provoke ntau yam lom lom thiab mob nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov.

Cov nceb no muaj xim av lossis xim liab nrog rau qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntshav tint. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub kaus mom txawv ntawm plaub mus rau kaum centimeters.

Nquag, cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo muaj txiv qaub, xim ntsuab me ntsis, thiab fusiform stalk yuav hloov xim nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob. Thaum pib, nws tuaj yeem ua dawb, thiab tom qab ntawd darkens thiab ua ntshav lossis ntshav.

nqaij tawv, muaj zog thiab daj nyob rau hauv tsos, muaj nplua nuj pungent saj thiab ilv fruity tsw.

Sardonyx (los yog ntsim) russula nyiam nyob ze ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tsob ntoo no.

Yog li, peb tau paub ntau yam ntawm russula edible thiab inedible russula. Ua kom paub meej lawvpiav qhia thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob, saj thiab khoom noj khoom haus, txoj kev npaj.

Tam sim no cia peb tham txog qee cov kev cai dav dav ntawm yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm russula los ntawm qhov tsis zoo thiab muaj tshuaj lom.

universal kos npe

Ua ntej xaiv qhov no los yog qhov appetizing nceb zoo nkauj, koj yuav tsum nres thiab ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas nws cov tsos.

Ntau yam Inedible yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

1. kawg ntawm ceg yog xim liab.
2. Cov kaus mom hlau yog ntxhib thiab tawv.
3. Muaj zaj duab xis lossis "daim tiab" ntawm ceg.
4. tsob nroj tsis muaj kab mob.
5. Xim lub kaus mom feem ntau muaj xim liab thiab nplua nuj.

Yog tias koj tseem plucked nceb tsis paub rau koj thiab tsis ntseeg nws cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo, ua tib zoo saib nws thaum lub sijhawm ua noj. Thaum kho cua sov, cov nqaij ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem hloov xim, uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub hau lossis qia ntawm cov nceb tawg.

Thiab tsis tau, cov cim qhia saum toj no tuaj yeem siv tau rau russula edible.

Yuav ua li cas yog zaub mov lom tshwm sim

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias noj russula txhua yam tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau tib neeg lub cev.

Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias muaj tshuaj lom tshwm sim, yuav tsum tau ua qee yam ceev thiab tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, nws raug nquahu kom yaug lub plab tam sim nrog kev ua kom ntuav thiab raws plab. Tom qab ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los yaug lub qhov ncauj kom huv si thiab haus cov activated charcoal. Qhov ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuajFeem ntau koj yuav paub: ib los yog ob ntsiav tshuaj ib kaum kilograms ntawm qhov hnyav.

Yog tias cov tsos mob tsis zoo thiab mob txuas ntxiv, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob sai.

Thiab kawg

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, russula yog cov nceb ntau thiab qab, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov vitamins thiab minerals, loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov ntoo muaj zog xws li oaks, spruces, birches, pines, beeches thiab lwm yam.

Txawm li cas los xij, hmoov tsis, tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv qab ntxiag thiab noj qab nyob zoo rau saj. Kab lus no tau muab ntau cov duab ntawm edible thiab inedible russula. Cov duab zoo li no yuav ua rau cov ntaub ntawv zoo thiab pom pom yog tias koj mus tom hav zoov nrhiav cov nceb uas tsis paub qhov ncauj.

Nyob zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ua si!