Apatites yog cov zaub mov uas muaj phosphate xwm, feem ntau hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm lawv pawg. Lawv tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb hauv av chiv, thiab rau qee lub sijhawm lawv tau nquag siv hauv kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov ntxhia ntsej muag siv lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj heev thiab feem ntau dhau los ua cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua, xws li topaz. Nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas cov Greeks hu ua apatite "ἀπατάω", uas txhais tau tias "dag" hauv Latin.
tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg
Ntau cov zaub mov los ntawm chav kawm phosphate hu ua apatite. Cov mis ntawm cov compound uas tsim cov ntxhia yog Ca10(PO4)6(OH, Cl, F) 2. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws yog peb hom: hydroxo-, chlorine- thiab fluorapatite. Nyob ntawm qhov no, cov qauv saum toj no yuav hloov. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm calcium oxides (CaO) thiab phosphorus yog li 53-56% thiab 41%, feem. Qhov seem me me poob rau ntawm fluorine, chlorine, qee zaum carbonate,nrog rau ntau yam impurities.
Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, apatite tsis muaj xim. Impurities muab ntau xim daj ntseg rau cov ntxhia. Piv txwv li, manganese nyob rau hauv ntau yam ua ke xim muaju muaj nyob rau hauv liab, ntshav, ntsuab-daj xim, neodymium thiab hlau muab daj thiab smoky tones.
Lub cev muaj zog
iav luster, tsis sib xws tawg, greasy zoo nkauj ntawm daim tawv nqaij, brittleness yog cov yam ntxwv uas apatite muaj. Cov ntxhia hauv qib ntawm Mohs nplai yog 5. Heev ntom, tab sis tsis txaus rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo. Nws tuaj yeem raug khawb nrog qhov nyuaj heev los ntawm iav los yog rab riam ntse. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus yog 3.2g/cm3. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsim muaju, raws li txoj cai, prismatic, tsis tshua muaj acicular los yog tabular, feem ntau muaj ntsug shading ntawm cov npoo. Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntom ntom-crystalline aggregates thiab concretions, voluminous khoom earthy masses.
Apatite: keeb kwm ntawm cov ntxhia
Minerals los ntawm pab pawg apatite yog cov khoom siv, uas yog, lawv yog ib feem ntawm pob zeb hauv me me (tsawg dua 1%). Yog li ntawd, lawv tsis cuam tshuam rau lub ntsiab kev faib tawm. Crystallization tshwm sim nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov igneous pob zeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv alkaline thiab acidic sawv daws yuav. Apatites yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb ci thiab carbonatite. Lawv tiv taus cov mob hypergenic. Apatites yog cov ntxhia zoo heev ntawm cov pob zeb sedimentary thiab placers.
Crystals tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau qhov loj me. Cov qauv loj tshaj plaws tau pom hauvQuebec (Canada), ib tug ntawm lawv hnyav 5443 kg thiab yog 2.13 x 1.22 m nyob rau hauv qhov loj.
Nyiaj
Apatites yog cov zaub mov uas nws cov nyiaj tso rau ntawm kev lag luam muaj tsawg heev. Qhov chaw tso nyiaj loj tshaj plaws nyob rau ntawm Kola Peninsula thiab hu ua Khibiny. Hauv cheeb tsam no, apatite ores yog mined, uas feem ntau muaj fluorapatites thiab nepheline. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj deposits nyob rau hauv Yakutia (Seligdarskoye), Buryatia (Beloziminskoye, Oshurkovskoye), nyob rau hauv lub Urals (Ilmensky roob), Baikal cheeb tsam.
Apatite sedimentary pob zeb (phosphorites) tsim ntau dua 90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb phosphate pob zeb. Lawv cov deposits paub nyob rau hauv North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Morocco.
Crystals haum rau kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog mined hauv Finland, Is Nrias teb, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Norway, Czech koom pheej, Asmeskas, Myanmar thiab Brazil. Ob lub teb chaws kawg no paub txog lawv cov tsiaj zoo nkauj ntawm miv qhov muag ntxhia.
Apatite hauv hniav nyiaj hniav kub
Apatite yog cov ntxhia uas nws cov khoom thiab cov tsos tso cai rau nws siv hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm fragility thiab tsis tshua muaj hardness, yog li nws tsis zoo li cov pob zeb zoo nkauj semi-precious thiab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntxhia yog rhiab rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab raug tshav ntuj (tej zaum yuav ploj mus, ploj mus).
Rau kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, pob tshab apatites yog siv, feem ntau daj lossis xiav. cov zaub mov ntshiabmus dhau txoj kev txiav. Tsis heev pob zeb yog raug rau cabochon. Qhov no yog ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txiav, nyob rau hauv uas nws yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug convex puab nrog ib tug du polished nto.
Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog apatite yog qhov txaus nyiam heev thiab qub, ntau yam kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo. brooches, hlaws, rings, pendants, tsej, bracelets, thiab lwm yam. feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog rau lwm yam pob zeb, siv precious hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum ceev faj txog cov cuav cuav. Beryl, tourmaline, topaz, thiab lwm yam - nws yog rau lawv tias cov pob tshab pob tshab pob zeb apatite qee zaum muab tawm.
khoom nqi
Tus nqi ntawm apatite souvenirs thiab hniav nyiaj hniav kub nyob ntawm ob peb yam: qhov zoo ntawm lub pob zeb, txoj kev nws yog ua tiav, txiav, thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, hlaws dai li hauv daim duab, 40 cm ntev, tus nqi ntawm 1000-1500 rubles. Lub pob zeb tsis yog pob tshab, kev txiav yog yooj yim li sai tau, lub ntuj zoo nkauj thiab heterogeneity ntawm cov xim ntawm cov ntxhia yog khaws cia.
Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov apatites kim heev. Hauv Ontario (Canada), lub pov haum zoo ntawm ntsuab (qee zaum sib xyaw nrog xiav lossis txiv ntseej) xim yog mined. Nws yog muag raws li lub npe lag luam zoo "trilliumite". Lub pob zeb hnyav 10 carats tom qab txiav yog kwv yees li ntawm ib txhiab daus las.
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm apatite
Astrologers thiab esotericists nyiam ntaus nqi tej yam yees siv rau ntau yam minerals. Apatite yog xamib pob zeb ntawm kev thaj yeeb thiab kev thaj yeeb. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau stabilizing lub psycho-kev xav ntawm ib tug neeg, coj lub paj hlwb mus rau hauv lub suab. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, astrologers pom zoo kom hnav nws mus rau lub fiery cim ntawm lub zodiac, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ceev-tempered thiab kub npau npau: Leo, Aries thiab Sagittarius. Tab sis txawm tias tsis muaj qhov ntsiag to Pisces, Aquarius thiab Cancers, nws tsis pom zoo. Apatite yuav ua rau lawv tsis muaj zog, tsaug zog thiab qaug zog.
Agricultural use
Nws tau ntev tau paub tias apatites yog cov zaub mov fertility, yog li kev ua liaj ua teb yog lawv qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev thov. Phosphorus yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, raws li tau hais los saum no. Raws li koj paub, lub caij no tseem ceeb heev tsis yog rau tib neeg nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov nroj tsuag. Phosphorus yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau cov kab mob muaj sia, nws koom nrog ntau cov txheej txheem lom neeg.
Apatites yog cov zaub mov uas yog thawj cov khoom lag luam kom tau txais cov pob zeb hauv av phosphate chiv. Cov khoom siv raw tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no ntev heev. Txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, ntau cov ntxhia ua cov nroj tsuag tau tsim thiab ua haujlwm. Ib qho loj tshaj plaws yog Khibiny Apatit cog, tau tsim tawm xyoo 1929 raws li lub ntiaj teb cov nyiaj tso nyiaj ntau tshaj plaws.
