Nyob hauv ntiaj teb no, swamps nyob thaj chaw loj. Kwv yees li 70% feem pua yog nyob hauv cov av ntub dej hauv South America. Nyob rau hauv Russia, daim duab no yog kwv yees li 37% ntawm lub teb chaws cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv Western Siberia - 42% ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab nws lub ntsiab lus
Swamp - ib qho chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av, uas yog qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb nrog cov dej noo ntau dhau thiab cov dej tsub zuj zuj. Cov nroj tsuag tseem khaws cia hauv dej, thiab cov organic teeb meem accumulates. Ib tug swamp tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov kab mob muaj sia, uas loj hlob, nce qhov loj me thiab txhim kho thaum lub sij hawm sib sau ntawm peat. Yog tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim peat nres, ces qhov chaw hloov mus rau hauv peat bog. Lawv raug tsim tom qab qhuav ntawm cov dej thiab pas dej los yog los ntawm swamping av.
Muaj ntau hom swamps: lowland, transitional and upland. Hom kawg suav nrog lub pas dej mojsab qhua, uas yuav tau tham hauv kev tshaj tawm.
Keeb kwm thiab nta
Kev tsim ntawm moss swamps muaj ntau theem. Ua ntej, moss yog tsim nyob rau hauv meadows thiab hav zoov, hu ua "cuckoo flax". Nws muaj peev xwm tuav tauib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov kua, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas peat pib tsim. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov chaw ntawm peat deposits overgrow, thiab cheeb tsam nce. Cov dej sib npaug ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hloov pauv, thiab cov nroj tsuag tau rov ua dua tshiab: ib qho dej noo-hlub zoo tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuag. Peat txheej nce, thiab vim li ntawd, cov ntoo hauv cov av ntub dej kuj tuag. Nyob rau theem kawg, sphagnum (Sphagnum) tshwm - dawb moss, tom qab uas cov swamps tau hu ua moss. Nws absorbs kua thiab muaj ib tug convex zoo.
Y White moss (Sphagnum) hlob nyob rau hauv dej uas tsis zoo nyob rau hauv soluble ntsev. Hypnum moss hlob nyob qhov twg cov dej ntws thiab tawv. Nws kuj muaj peev xwm ya raws, loj hlob nyob rau sab saum toj, thiab qis qis ntawm qia rots thiab hloov mus rau hauv peat.
Moss swamp nyob thaj chaw loj nrog qhov tob txog li 4 meters. Lawv tuaj yeem pom hauv tundra ntawm Arkhangelsk xeev, thiab hauv Siberia.
How moss peat bogs form
Npaj dej no yog tsim los ntawm peat moss (Spnagnum). Nws tshwm sim ntawm cov av ntub nrog huab cua noo. Marshes yog tsim nyob rau hauv meadow swamps, ntub xuab zeb thiab av nplaum av, pob zeb (sab hnub poob ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Sweden thiab Norway). Cov mosses no nyiam ya raws thiab tsis loj hlob hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Lawv kuj evaporate ntau noo noo. Cov dej hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tsis zoo hauv nitrogen, txiv qaub (nws tuaj yeem ua rau moss tuag), phosphoric acid thiab potassium. Cov khoom ntawm peat bogs: ci thiab mummifying nyhuv.
Moss swamp muajib qho chaw tsis sib xws uas npog nrog cov pob uas tsim nyob ze cov pob zeb qub. Nws yog qhov zoo heev los zaum thiab so ntawm cov pob qhuav qhuav tom qab txoj kev nkees, vim tias cov dej txias heev txawm tias nyob rau hnub kub, vim peat tsis zoo thermal conductivity. Tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias teb sab N. Nekrasov tau hais tias qhov xwm txheej hauv tebchaws Russia yog "kochi, thiab moss swamps, thiab stumps."
Ntawm moss swamps
| Npe | Short description |
| Ntuj teb chaws Moss | High swamp nyob rau thaj tsam Tver hauv Central Forest Reserve. Nws nyob thaj tsam loj ntawm 617 hectares. |
| Vasyugan swamps |
Moss peat bogs nyob nruab nrab ntawm Ob thiab Irtysh Rivers, nruab nrab ntawm thaj tsam Novosibirsk thiab Tomsk. Thaj chaw npog 53,000 km2. Lawv yog cov dej tshiab rau Western Siberia. Muaj ntau yam nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj tsis tshua muaj. |
| Pinsk swamps | Nyob hauv Polissya thiab npog thaj tsam ntawm 98,419.5 km2. |
| Mshinsky swamp | Nyob hauv thaj av Leningrad. Thaj Chaw - 60400 ha. |
| "Ntaus Moss Swamp" | Nyob hauv thaj av Kaliningrad thiab muaj thaj tsam li ntawm 4900 hectares. Peat muaj peev xwm txog li 11 meters. |
Tsiaj thiab noog
Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv swamps yog qhov me me thiab hloov mus rau ib nrab dej nyob. Nyob rau hauv lub moss swampstej tsiaj ntawd nyob:
- Nyob uas zes ntawm lub hummocks swamps: plovers, partridges, dub grouse, cranes, ducks, herons thiab lapwings, moorhens, meadow chasing, daj wagtail, buntings, kestrel, meadow pipit, hobbies.
- Tsiaj txhu: raccoon, elk, otter, muskrat thiab mink.
- Mammalals: dej nas, dej shrew, housekeeper vole, common shrew, teb thiab bank voles. Moss hummocks ua qhov chaw nkaum rau lawv, lawv noj cov ntoo thuv thiab nyom noob, berries.
- Ntau yam kab (yoov tshaj cum, zuam).
- Reptiles: viper thiab viviparous lizard.
- Amphibians: grey toads thiab nyom qav, bog vaub kib.
Qee cov tsiaj muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab nyob hauv moss swamps.
Cov nroj tsuag hauv qab no loj hlob ntawm moss swamps:
- Berries: cloudberries, lingonberries, cranberries (loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib ntus thiab tsa bogs) thiab blueberries.
- Short gnarled Pine thiab dwarf birch.
- Tus swamp cypress loj hlob hauv North America thiab Danube.
- Dewdrop, sedge, wild rosemary, pemphigus, calamus.
- av npog: sphagnum moss thiab paj rwb nyom.
Nyob ntawm moss swamps yog pluag. Tsob ntoo tau tawg ua me me, yog li zaub mov rau tsiaj tsis tshua muaj. Tsis muaj chaw txaus rau noog thiab tsiaj loj los nkaum.
Mshara - yog dab tsi?
Moss peat bogs nyob rau sab qaum teb hu ua Mshara, lossis Msharnik. Yog li hu ua kochkarnik, uas yog overgrown nrog moss. Cov nroj tsuag yog ib lub qia densely cog nrog nplooj. Nyob ze ntawm nploojceg uas dai thiab haum nruj rau qia. Qhov saum npoo ntawm qia muaj nyias-walled hlwb nrog qhov, uas tsim capillaries. Ntawm lawv, dej nce los ntawm cov av, thiab peat mosses yog ntim nrog dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom qub tuag, tig mus rau hauv peat, thiab cov nplooj loj hlob tuaj. Xws li swamps raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej nkag mus rau hauv qhov dav, qhov siab thiab qhov ntev. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho moss loj uas nce siab tshaj qhov dej hauv av. Msharniks muaj ntau tsob ntoo seem thiab dej mosses kuj loj hlob hauv lawv.
Npau suav teb yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tsiaj qus hauv nws txoj kev zoo nkauj.
