Shilka River - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb

Cov txheej txheem:

Shilka River - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb
Shilka River - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb

Video: Shilka River - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb

Video: Shilka River - cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb thiab kev lag luam tseem ceeb
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Anonim

Ib qho ntawm cov sab laug loj tshaj plaws ntawm Amur - Trans-Baikal Shilka River - yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm Ingoda thiab Onon. Nws ntws hauv thaj av ntawm Amazar thiab Shilkinsky ridges thiab txawv los ntawm nws qhov kub ntxhov.

Shilka tus dej
Shilka tus dej

geography

Txoj kev taw qhia ntawm tus dej yog sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Tsuas yog thaum kawg nws ntseeg siab tig mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Qhov ntev yog 560 km, qhov dav yog los ntawm 40 mus rau 200 m, qhov dej hiav txwv yog 206 txhiab km2. Shilka stretches ntawm spurs ntawm lub roob, tsuas yog qee zaus rov qab los ntawm cov channel, tsim cov kwj me me. Sab saum toj ntawm tus dej yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov dej tsaws tsag loj thiab nrawm.

Shilka noj los ntawm ntau lub kwj me me, uas muaj txog xya caum. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Kara, Kurenga, Chacha, Chernaya. Lub ntsiab tributary ntawm tus dej Shilka yog nyob rau sab laug - qhov no yog lub Nercha, uas ntws mus rau hauv lub Shilka nyob rau hauv ob peb ceg thiab muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 580 km.

Hydrology

Txoj kev tswj dej ntawm Shilka tus dej phwj muaj nws qhov tshwj xeeb - lub sijhawm dej nyab ntawm no yog 120-130 hnub. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj peev xwm los ntawm 8 mus rau 12 dej nyab ib xyoos twg. Qee tus ntawm lawv zoo li sib tshooj, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv lub sijhawm tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3hli. Qhov siab tshaj plaws kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej hauv Shilka yog mus txog 12.5 m. Tus dej yog pub los ntawm 80% ntawm cov dej los nag, cov daus daus thiab cov dej ntws loj kuj ua rau dej nyab. Tus dej Shilka siv ntau lub xyoo (txog 200 hnub) nyob rau hauv dej khov, tso nws tus kheej tawm ntawm lub Tsib Hlis nkaus xwb.

Shilka River Trans-Baikal Territory
Shilka River Trans-Baikal Territory

Flora thiab fauna

roob-taiga toj roob hauv pes, feem ntau ntawm Eastern Transbaikalia, nyob feem ntau ntawm Shilka River. Qhuav nyom-forb steppes ua ke nrog roob East Siberian taiga. Chestnut av predominate nyob rau hauv lawv qis, thiab chernozems pw saum toj no. Sab qaum teb ntawm toj siab ntawm qhov siab txog 1000 m yog lined nrog grey hav zoov av.

Cov nroj tsuag uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw steppe yog feather nyom, serpentine, thyme, stemless cinquefoil, thiab lwm yam. Pine, birch, larch, thiab cedar predominate nyob rau hauv taiga cheeb tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm txoj kab nqes yog them nrog lub teeb larches, thiab ntoo thuv hav zoov feem ntau nyob rau sab qab teb. Cedar tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog nyob rau saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm thaj chaw roob-taiga.

Tus Dej Shilka yuav luag tag nrho los ntawm cov pob zeb pob zeb, yog li cov ntoo thiab cov nroj tsuag tau densely overgrown nrog rau txhua qhov chaw tiaj tus uas cov channel tsawg kawg yog me ntsis widens thiab tam sim no ua calmer. Cov nroj tsuag ntawm no muaj ntau haiv neeg.

daim duab ntawm tus dej Shilka
daim duab ntawm tus dej Shilka

Cov npoo hauv qab yog sib txawv thiab npog nrog pebbles thiab pob zeb, yog li feem ntau muaj rifts, ncav cuag, pits thiab txawm waterfalls ntawm tus dej. Nyob zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nontau hom ntses. Beluga, sturgeon, salmon, chum salmon thiab taimen nyob hauv ntau tus hauv Shilka. Ib tug ntawm cov nplua nuj reservoir nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov ntses stocks yog lub Shilka River. Ntau cov ntses raug coj los rau hauv tus dej los ntawm lub roob huv thiab txias, xws li Unda, Delyun, Boty thiab ntau lwm yam.

kev nqis peev

Zoo li ntau tus dej ntws hauv Far East, Shilka tseem ceeb heev raws li txoj kev thauj mus los. Nws yog navigable yuav luag txhua txoj kev. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj coob tus riffles nyob rau hauv lub pas dej thiab qhov kev kub ceev ntawm tam sim no, navigation feem ntau nyuaj. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, qee zaum muaj kev so txog li 15 hnub. Qhov kev tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv qis qis - los ntawm lub qhov ncauj mus rau lub nroog Sretensk. Tus dej kuj tau siv dav rau kev ua ntoo rafting. Navigation kav li ntawm 160 mus rau 180 hnub.

tributary ntawm tus dej Shilka
tributary ntawm tus dej Shilka

Dhau li ntawm qhov no, Shilka River yog qhov chaw muaj zog loj heev. Lub Trans-Baikal Territory muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau lab kilowatts ntawm hluav taws xob pheej yig vim muaj cov dej loj thiab me nyob rau ntawm nws thaj chaw. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej hauv cheeb tsam no.

Lub Shilka nrog nws cov ceg ntoo kuj tseem ceeb rau kev nuv ntses. Thaum lub sij hawm spawning, ntses los ntawm Amur tuaj nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv, nce mus rau spawning av nyob rau hauv lub Upper nce mus txog ntawm lub roob dej.

Nyob rau hauv cov chaw nyob ze, cov xwm txheej zoo tau tsim kom tau txais ntau tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, uas tau nyiam los ntawm Far East tsis ntev los no. Diam duab ntawm tus dej Shilka, nws cov pob zeb ntug dej, overgrownntoo ntawm hav thiab dav dav, uas nws majestically nqa nws cov dej - tag nrho cov no yog heev impressive thiab fascinating.

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