Architectural monuments, piv txwv ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj, frescoes, cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm keeb kwm - tag nrho cov no yog lub tsev teev ntuj medieval. Cov uas xav kov yav dhau los thiab kawm txog cov xwm txheej ntawm cov hnub dhau los yuav tsum pib lawv txoj kev mus rau qhov tseeb nrog kev kawm ntawm cov tuam tsev thaum ub, vim lawv nco qab ntau dua li cov nplooj ntawv sau tseg.
Cultural and economic centers of the Middle Ages
Lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj, cov tsev teev ntuj pib muaj zog. Thawj zaug lawv tshwm sim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Western Europe. Benedict ntawm Nursia tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog tus tsim ntawm qhov kev txav no. Qhov loj tshaj plaws medieval monastery ntawm lub sij hawm no yog lub monastery nyob rau hauv Montecassino. Nov yog lub ntiaj teb uas muaj nws txoj cai, uas txhua tus tswvcuab hauv zej zog yuav tsum tau pab txhawb kev txhim kho ntawm ib qho laj thawj.
Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub tsev teev ntuj medieval yog ib lub tsev loj loj. Nws suav nrog cov cell, tsev qiv ntawv, refectories, cathedrals thiab outbuildings. Cov tom kawg suav nrog cov tsev txhab nyiaj, tsev khaws khoom, tsiaj cwj mem.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, cov tsev teev ntuj tau dhau los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev lag luam ntawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Ntawm no yog ib tug chronology ntawm cov xwm txheejtuav kev sib cav, ntsuas qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Cov kev qhia xws li kev xav, lej, astronomy, tshuaj tsim thiab txhim kho.
Tag nrho lub cev ua haujlwm hnyav tau muab rau cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev teev ntuj. Xws li kev sib hais haum yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev khaws cia thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv. Cov tsev qiv ntawv tau ntxiv nrog cov phau ntawv tshiab, thiab cov ntawv qub tau rov sau dua tas li. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hauj sam lawv tus kheej khaws cov keeb kwm keeb kwm.
Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox monasteries
Lavxias teb sab medieval monasteries tshwm tom qab ntau dua cov European. Thaum xub thawj, cov hauj sam hermit nyob sib nrug ntawm cov chaw deserted. Tab sis cov ntseeg Vajtswv tau nthuav tawm sai sai ntawm cov neeg coob coob, yog li cov tsev teev ntuj nyob ruaj ruaj tau tsim nyog. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th mus txog rau qhov kev kav ntawm Peter I, muaj kev tsim cov tuam tsev dav dav. Lawv nyob hauv yuav luag txhua lub zos, thiab cov tuam tsev loj tau tsim nyob ze lub nroog lossis hauv qhov chaw dawb huv.
Peter kuv tau ua ntau lub tsev teev ntuj hloov kho, uas tau txuas ntxiv los ntawm nws cov neeg ua tiav. Cov neeg sawv daws tau hnov qhov tsis zoo rau kev zam tshiab rau Western kev lig kev cai. Yog li ntawd, twb nyob rau hauv Catherine II, kev tsim kho ntawm Orthodox monasteries tau rov pib dua.
Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev teev ntuj no tsis tau dhau los ua qhov chaw taug kev rau cov ntseeg, tab sis qee lub tsev teev ntuj Orthodox tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Miracles of myrrh-streaming
Tus ntug dej ntawm tus dej Velikaya thiab tus dej Mirozhka ntws mus rau hauv nws. Nws nyob ntawm no tias Pskov Spaso-Preobrazhensky Mirozhsky Monastery tau tshwm sim ntau pua xyoo dhau los.
Qhov chaw ntawm pawg ntseeg uatsis muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntau zaus. Nws coj tag nrho cov tshuab ua ntej ntawm nws tus kheej. Kev ua tub sab tas li, hluav taws kub hnyiab tau lub tsev teev ntuj rau ntau pua xyoo. Thiab nrog rau tag nrho cov no, fortress phab ntsa yeej tsis tau tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Dab tsi yog qhov xav tsis thoob yog tias, txawm tias txhua yam teeb meem, nws khaws cov frescoes, uas tseem zoo siab rau lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj.
Rau ntau centuries lub tsev teev ntuj Mirozhsky khaws lub cim tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj nuj nqis ntawm Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, nws tau nto moo rau qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm myrrh-streaming. Tom qab ntawd, txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob tau raug ntaus nqi rau nws.
Ib qho nkag tau pom hauv cov khoom khaws cia hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm lub tuam tsev. Nws yog hnub tim 1595 raws li niaj hnub daim ntawv qhia hnub. Nws muaj cov dab neeg ntawm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb myrrh-streaming ntawm lub cim. Raws li qhov nkag tau hais tias: "Cov kua muag ntws zoo li lub dav hlau los ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm tus Ntshiab tshaj plaws."
sab ntsuj plig legacy
Ntau xyoo dhau los, lub tsev teev ntuj Giurgevi Stupovi ua kev zoo siab rau hnub yug. Thiab nws tau yug los tsis muaj ntau lossis tsawg, tab sis yim xyoo dhau los. Lub tsev teev ntuj no tau los ua ib qho ntawm thawj Orthodox ntawm Montenegrin av.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tau ntsib kev nyuaj siab ntau hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm nws cov keeb kwm centuries-laus, nws raug tua los ntawm hluav taws 5 zaug. Thaum kawg cov hauj sam tau ncaim qhov chaw no.
Nyob ntev, lub monastery medieval raug kev puas tsuaj. Thiab tsuas yog nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, ib qhov project pib rov tsim cov khoom keeb kwm no. Tsis tsuas yog architectural lug tau rov qab los, tab sis kuj monastic lub neej.
Muaj ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev. Nyob rau hauv nws koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom seem ntawm cov tsev uas muaj sia nyob thiab cov khoom qub. Tam sim nolub monastery ntawm Giurgevi Stupovi nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag. Cov xwm txheej kev siab hlub tas mus li thiab cov khoom sau tau raug tuav rau kev txhim kho lub monument ntawm sab ntsuj plig.
Nyob rau hauv tam sim no
Hnub no Orthodox monasteries txuas ntxiv lawv cov haujlwm hnyav. Txawm hais tias keeb kwm ntawm ib txhia tau dhau ib txhiab xyoo lawm, lawv tseem ua neej nyob raws li qub thiab tsis nrhiav kev hloov pauv dab tsi.
Txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua liaj ua teb thiab ua haujlwm rau tus Tswv. Cov hauj sam sim nkag siab lub ntiaj teb raws li phau Vajlugkub thiab qhia qhov no rau lwm tus. Hauv lawv qhov kev paub, lawv qhia tias nyiaj txiag thiab lub zog yog qhov hloov pauv. Txawm tsis muaj lawv los koj yuav nyob tau thiab zoo siab kawg li.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li cov tsev teev ntuj, monasteries tsis muaj parishes, tab sis tib neeg txaus siab mus ntsib cov mlom. Renouncing txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb no, ntau tus ntawm lawv tau txais khoom plig - muaj peev xwm kho cov kab mob lossis pab nrog ib lo lus.
