Sphagnum swamps yog hom ntub dej. Sphagnum peat bog

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:52

Nyob rau hauv temperate latitudes, feem ntau nyob rau hauv hav zoov thiab hav zoov-tundra aav, xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm wetlands li sphagnum bogs yog tsim. Cov zaub tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog sphagnum moss, ua tsaug uas lawv tau txais lawv lub npe.

Kev piav qhia

Cov no yog cov bogs, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov lowlands. Los ntawm saum toj no, lawv yog them nrog ib tug tuab txheej ntawm sphagnum (dawb moss), uas muaj ib tug heev noo noo peev xwm. Nws reproduces zoo, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog qhov twg muaj ib txheej ntawm humus.

Nyob rau hauv txheej ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog acidic, pluag nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm dej, muaj oxygen tsawg heev. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no tsis tsim nyog rau lub neej ntawm feem ntau cov kab mob nyob, uas suav nrog cov kab mob lwj. Yog li ntawd, cov ntoo poob, paj paj ntoo, ntau yam organic tshuaj tsis decompose, tshuav ntau txhiab xyoo.

Ntau yam

Sphagnum swamps tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov tsos. Feem ntau lawv muaj ib tug convex zoo, vim hais tias cov moss loj hlob ntau vigorously ze rau qhov chaw, qhov twg cov mineralization.dej tshwj xeeb yog me me. Nyob rau hauv lub periphery, tej yam kev mob rau nws reproduction yog tsis zoo. Qee lub sij hawm muaj swamps ntawm lub tiaj tus. Kev sib txawv kuj yog ua los ntawm hav zoov thiab tsis yog hav zoov.

Thawj yog ib qho zoo rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Siberia, qhov chaw uas muaj huab cua huab cua tshaj tawm. Treeless sphagnum bogs muaj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ntub, uas muaj ntau dua nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.

Keeb kwm ntawm sphagnum bog

Nws tau tsim tsa tias thawj qhov dej ntws tau tsim dua 400 lab xyoo dhau los. Niaj hnub no sphagnum peat bog yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug ntev evolution. Tom qab lub hnub nyoog dej khov, thaj chaw dej tau tshwm sim, cov nroj tsuag tseem ceeb uas thiab peat-formers yog nyom thiab mosses. Kev tsim cov av peaty coj mus rau qhov tsim ntawm ib puag ncig acidic. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam geological thiab lub cev-geographical yam, av bogging los yog maj mam overgrowth ntawm lub cev dej tshwm sim. Qee qhov swamps tau nce: lawv cov zaub mov txuas nrog nag lossis daus.

Sphagnum tsa bogs muaj dej puv thiab zoo li lo ntsiab muag. Tsis muaj cov ntxhia ntsev nyob rau hauv nag lossis daus, yog li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag hloov mus rau qhov tsis muaj zaub mov nyob hauv cov swamps: feem ntau sphagnum mosses, grasses thiab shrubs me.

Peat formation

Cov nroj tsuag tuag uas tau sau txhua xyoo hauv sphagnum bog daim ntawv ntau txheej txheej ntawm cov organic teeb meem. Maj mam lawv tig mus rau hauv peat. Cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuamQee yam xwm txheej: dej noo ntau dhau, qhov kub thiab txias yuav luag tsis muaj oxygen. Cov seem ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag tuag tsis raug puas tsuaj, khaws lawv cov duab thiab txawm paj ntoos. Los ntawm kev kawm cov qauv peat, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab seb huab cua hauv cheeb tsam tau hloov pauv li cas, nrog rau cov hav zoov tau hloov pauv li cas.

Sphagnum bogs khaws cia loj ntawm peat, uas ua haujlwm roj rau tib neeg, yog li lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev lag luam.

Sphagnum moss

Sphagnum moss ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov zaub npog ntawm cov bogs tsa. Nws muaj ib tug heev peculiar qauv. Reniform ceg yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm qia, nyob rau hauv nws sab qis muaj whorls ntawm ntev ceg nyob rau hauv kab rov tav. Cov nplooj yog tsim los ntawm ntau lub hlwb, qee qhov ua haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab muaj chlorophyll. Lwm cov hlwb yog khoob, tsis muaj xim thiab loj dua, lawv yog cov khoom siv rau cov dej noo, uas lawv nqus tau zoo li daim txhuam cev los ntawm ntau qhov hauv lub plhaub. Lawv nyob ¾ ntawm tag nrho saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv. Vim lawv, ib feem ntawm sphagnum muaj peev xwm nqus dej. Moss muab kev loj hlob zoo txhua xyoo, tsuas yog hauv ib xyoos nws loj hlob 6-8 cm.

Lwm yam sphagnum bog nroj tsuag

Ntawm cov ntaub pua plag, tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag uas cov rhizome nyob rau hauv vertically lossis me ntsis inclined tuaj yeem loj hlob. Cov no feem ntau yog paj rwb, sedge, cloudberry, cranberry, nrog rau qee qhov semi-shrubs uas nws cov ceg tuaj yeem muab cov hauv paus hniav zoo nkauj thaum qis qis pib loj hlob.nkaum hauv moss. Xws li cov nroj tsuag kuj muaj xws li heather, rosemary, dwarf birch, thiab lwm yam. Cranberries kis saum npoo ntawm moss nrog ntev lashes, sundew tsim ib rosette ntawm nplooj txhua txhua xyoo, dag ntawm ib tug sphagnum ntaub pua plag. Qee cov nroj tsuag herbaceous ntawm Russia kuj pom muaj nyob ntawm no: sphagnum bogs yog nyob hauv sundew, pemphigus, thiab sedge. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muab faus rau hauv sphagnum, lawv txhua tus nyiam txav lawv qhov chaw loj hlob thiab siab dua. Cov nroj tsuag feem ntau luv luv thiab muaj cov nplooj me me.

Los ntawm tsob ntoo hauv hav dej, feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom ntoo thuv. Txawm hais tias nws feem ntau zoo li txawv kiag li qhov uas loj hlob ntawm ntoo thuv hav zoov xuab zeb. Lub cev ntawm ib tsob ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhuav av yog feem ntau slender thiab tuab. Qhov siab ntawm lub hav txwv yeem yog me me (tsis ntau tshaj li ob meters siab), clumsy. Nws cov koob yog luv luv, thiab cov cones me heev. Hauv ntu ntu ntawm lub cev nyias, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau lub nplhaib txhua xyoo.

Ntuj inhabiting Pine-sphagnum swamps tsis muaj adventitious keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, lawv maj mam overgrown nrog peat. Caught ntawm qhov tob tob, cov hauv paus hniav tsis tuaj yeem muab cov dej txaus rau cov nplooj, vim tias cov ntoo thuv withers thiab tuag.

Tib neeg siv swamps

Cov swamps muaj txiaj ntsig zoo raws li qhov chaw ntawm peat deposits siv roj, thiab yog ib qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov fais fab nroj tsuag. Tsis tas li ntawd, peat yog siv rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb: nws yog siv rau chiv, txaj rau tsiaj nyeg. ATkev lag luam, nws yog siv los ua insulating boards, ntau yam tshuaj (methyl cawv, paraffin, creosote, thiab lwm yam).

Cov tsaj sphagnum bogs yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam, uas yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo: cranberries, cloudberries, blueberries.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm anthropogenic cuam tshuam

Tsis ntev los no, kev lag luam kev lag luam ua los ntawm ib tus neeg hauv swamps lossis thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov nroj tsuag marsh. Cov kev cuam tshuam zoo li no suav nrog kev tso dej ntawm marshes, hluav taws kub, grazing, ntoo tsoo, thiab kev tso ntawm txoj kev loj thiab cov kav dej. Wetlands ze rau cov chaw muaj kev lag luam feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm huab cua thiab av.

Txoj kev tshem tawm peb lub hlis twg yog nrog los ntawm kev poob ntawm ntoo thuv, uas ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hav txwv yeem, uas birch koom. Sphagnum yog maj mam hloov los ntawm brier mosses.

Cov nroj tsuag hlawv tawm vim hluav taws, uas feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub caij qhuav. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, qhov chaw ntawm lub swamp yog them nrog ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshauv, uas tsim ib tug mov ntawm mineral as-ham. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias paj rwb, podbel, blueberries pib loj hlob nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, qus rosemary thiab birch tshwm.

Cov dej ntws tawm yog nqa tawm rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm peat, kev txhim kho kev ua liaj ua teb, hav zoov, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, theem av-Cov dej hauv av, cov txheej txheem oxidative thiab mineralization ntawm cov organic tshuaj tsim. Tag nrho cov no ua rau txo qis hauv peat deposits, kev loj hlob ntawm birch. Cranberries thiab paj rwb nyom tau maj mam hloov los ntawm cloudberries, thiab sphagnum mosses tau hloov los ntawm hav zoov mosses.

Txhua tus tib neeg cuam tshuam rau hauv hav dej ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj ntawm tag nrho cov toj roob hauv pes thiab, vim li ntawd, ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm ecological hauv xwm.