Nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej, muaj qhov qis qis, hloov pauv thiab siab-moor peat. Lub npe tsis tau muab rau lawv los ntawm lub sijhawm: nws nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv kev nyem. Thawj hom yog ib yam rau cov lowlands (dav hav thiab hav), tom kawg rau elevations (slopes, watersheds, thiab lwm yam). Cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv muaj nyob rau hauv cov av tshwj xeeb nruab nrab xws li terraces.
Kev faib tawm
Thaum txhim kho kev faib tawm ntawm cov peev txheej ntuj no, nws keeb kwm los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau muab rau hauv tus account. Txhua hom (tsawg-dej, hloov pauv thiab siab-moor peat) tau muab faib ua subtypes: hav zoov, marsh, thiab hav zoov-marsh. Qhov kawg, dhau los, muab faib ua hom nyob ntawm qhov muaj cov organic residues (moss, nyom thiab ntoo).
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheej peat, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov pawg cog, uas nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm evolution tsim ntau yam kev sib txuas, hu ua phytocenoses. Ntau yam cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev tsim, suav nrog av noo thiab topography. Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm high peat thiabthaj av qis? Kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev noj zaub mov ntxhia.
Cov zej zog cog ntawm hom no muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov zaub mov, nqa tawm los ntawm cov av lossis tus dej. Cov dej muaj ntsev ntau tshaj 0.2 g / l, qee zaum nce mus txog 1 g / l. Nruab nrab pH (nruab nrab, me ntsis acidic, qee zaum me ntsis alkaline).
Lowland phytocenoses muaj tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nroj tsuag xav tau cov ntxhia hauv av. Tsob ntoo (spruce, birch), shrubs (willow), nyom (sedges, horsetails) thiab mosses (hypnum) loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, uas xav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov as-ham.
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas cov phytogroups hloov pauv hloov pauv, cov dej sib npaug hloov pauv: qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nag thiab cov dej yaj tau nce ntxiv rau cov keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev txo qis hauv cov dej hauv av. Nroj tsuag tau txais me me ntawm cov zaub mov los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Lawv cov concentration hauv av yog li ntawm 70 txog 180 mg / l. Tag nrho cov hmoov tshauv ntawm cov substrate yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 4 mus rau 5%, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ua acidic me ntsis.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv hloov pauv muaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm lowland thiab upland hom. Cov qub muaj qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov minerals nyob rau hauv lub substrate. Pine, heathers, sedges thiab sphagnum mosses loj hlob. Ntawm qhov kawg, qee qhov nyiam pob, tus so nyiam sib sib zog nqus ntawm lawv.
High peat
Txoj kev ntawm hom no suav nrog ntau tshaj plawscov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb resistant rau cov zaub mov tsis zoo. Cov hmoov tshauv ntawm cov substrate ntawm no yog tsawg dua 4%. Mineralization yog los ntawm 40 mus rau 70 mg / l. High-moor peat yog acidic, nws tus nqi pH yog los ntawm 3.5 txog 4.5.
Ib tus neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntiaj teb ntawm kev caij tsheb yog larch, ntoo thuv, heather shrubs, sheuchzeria, swamp sedge thiab qee cov sphagnum mosses.
Peat development
Cov nroj tsuag ntawm ib qho kev tso nyiaj hloov pauv raws sijhawm. Tau ntau xyoo, txheej peat nce, uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua neej nyob. Tshwj xeeb, cov ntxhia khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog deteriorating, thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nag thiab cov dej yaj kuj nce ntxiv. Ntxiv txheej ntawm peat maj mam "txiav" cov zej zog cog los ntawm cov dej hauv av.
Tseem maj mam hloov cov pab pawg lowland los ntawm kev hloov pauv, ces caij. Qhov no tshwm sim yog hu ua succession. Qhov txawv ntawm qhov siab thiab qis peat yog dab tsi? Lawv qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog. Tus kawg yog tus yau.
Raws li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua (qhov piv ntawm nag lossis daus thiab hnub ci cua sov), pawg nroj tsuag hloov pauv ntau txhiab xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm qhuav, hav zoov predominated, thiab thaum lub sij hawm ntub dej, swamps prevailed. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txheej txheej peat yog tsim, qhov twg txhua txheej yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv tom ntej hauv huab cua.
High peat thiab lowland peat muaj cov qauv sib txawv, yog li lawv cov ntsuas huab cua thiab dej permeability sib txawv. Cov tom kawg muaj cov khoom me me,zoo li greasy dub xuab zeb. Tej zaum yuav yog nkig, crumbling. Muaj ob peb lub hnab pa hauv nws cov qauv. Dej stagnation feem ntau tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm rotting ntawm lub hauv paus system. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag rhiab heev hauv cov lauj kaub loj. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub thawv, tej av dries unevenly, thiab low-lying peat ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm stagnant noo noo nyob rau hauv lub thickness. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum siv cov substrate.
High peat muaj cov qauv looser, khaws cov khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag fibers. Nws muaj huab cua ntau dua, uas yog kev noj qab haus huv rau feem ntau cov qoob loo potted los ntawm tropics. Cov substrate no zoo li tej txaj txaj.
Rau cov nroj tsuag feem ntau, nws raug nquahu kom yuav high-moor peat hauv hnab. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob diluted nrog lub ntiaj teb zoo tib yam thiab tov nrog lwm yam, vim nws twb muaj ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg uas yog balanced nyob rau hauv ntau yam.
