Clastic terrigenous pob zeb: piav qhia, hom thiab kev faib tawm

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Clastic terrigenous pob zeb: piav qhia, hom thiab kev faib tawm
Clastic terrigenous pob zeb: piav qhia, hom thiab kev faib tawm

Video: Clastic terrigenous pob zeb: piav qhia, hom thiab kev faib tawm

Video: Clastic terrigenous pob zeb: piav qhia, hom thiab kev faib tawm
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Terrigenous accumululations yog pob zeb uas tau tsim los ntawm kev txav mus los thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov khib nyiab - cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov pob zeb uas tawg nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua tsis tu ncua ntawm cua, dej, dej khov, dej hiav txwv. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov no yog cov khoom tawg ntawm cov roob ua ntej, uas, vim kev puas tsuaj, raug rau cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv, tom qab ntawd, nyob hauv tib lub pas dej ua ke, tig mus rau hauv pob zeb.

pob zeb terrigenous
pob zeb terrigenous

Cov pob zeb Terigenous ua rau 20% ntawm tag nrho cov sedimentary accumulations nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, qhov chaw ntawm uas kuj muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab mus txog rau 10 km nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub ntiaj teb crust. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb sib txawv yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv uas txiav txim siab lawv cov qauv.

Huab cua raws li theem hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb txaus ntshai

Thawj thiab theem tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb pob zeb yog kev puas tsuaj. Qhov twgCov khoom siv sedimentary tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm pob zeb ntawm igneous, sedimentary thiab metamorphic keeb kwm nthuav tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Ua ntej, cov toj roob hauv pes yog raug rau txhua yam cuam tshuam, xws li tawg, crushing. Tom ntej no los txog cov txheej txheem tshuaj (kev hloov pauv), uas yog vim li cas cov pob zeb hla mus rau lwm lub xeev.

Thaum huab cua, cov khoom sib cais los ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab txav mus. Sulfur, txhuas thiab hlau nkag mus rau hauv cov huab cua mus rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem thiab colloids, calcium, sodium thiab potassium rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem, tab sis silicon oxide yog resistant rau dissolution, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm quartz, nws mechanically kis mus rau hauv fragments thiab yog thauj los ntawm cov dej ntws.

Kev thauj mus los ua ib theem hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb txaus ntshai

theem thib ob, nyob rau hauv uas cov pob zeb terrigenous sedimentary tau tsim, yog kev hloov ntawm cov khoom siv sedimentary uas tsim los ntawm huab cua los ntawm cua, dej lossis dej khov. Lub ntsiab thauj khoom ntawm cov khoom yog dej. Tau nqus lub hnub ci zog, cov kua evaporates, txav mus rau hauv cov huab cua, thiab poob rau hauv cov kua lossis cov khoom hauv av, tsim cov dej ntws uas nqa cov khoom nyob hauv ntau lub xeev (solved, colloidal lossis khoom).

Tus nqi thiab loj ntawm cov khib nyiab thauj khoom nyob ntawm lub zog, ceev thiab ntim ntawm cov dej ntws. Yog li cov xuab zeb zoo, pob zeb, thiab qee zaum pebbles raug thauj mus rau hauv cov kwj deg nrawm, raug tshem tawm, tig mus, nqa cov av nplaum. Pob zeb yog thauj los ntawm glaciers, roob hav dej thiab av nkos, qhov loj ntawm xws li hais txog 10 cm.

Sedimentogenesis - theem thib peb

Sedimentogenesis yog qhov sib sau ntawm cov khoom thauj sedimentary, uas cov khoom xa mus dhau los ntawm lub xeev mobile mus rau qhov zoo li qub. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tshuaj thiab mechanical sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj, cov khoom xa mus rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem los yog colloids rau lub pas dej ua ke yog sib cais, nyob ntawm qhov hloov ntawm oxidizing ib puag ncig los ntawm kev txo ib qho thiab kev hloov hauv salinity ntawm lub pas dej nws tus kheej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab, cov khoom tawg yog sib cais los ntawm qhov loj, qhov loj, thiab txawm tias los ntawm txoj kev thiab kev ceev ntawm lawv txoj kev thauj mus los. Yog li cov khoom xa mus tau sib npaug kom meej meej, raws li lub zonality raws hauv qab ntawm tag nrho cov phiab.

pob zeb terrigenous
pob zeb terrigenous

dua li pebbles), cov av nplaum zoo, feem ntau tso nrog av nplaum, txuas ntxiv mus.

theem plaub ntawm kev tsim - diagenesis

theem plaub hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb clastic yog theem hu ua diagenesis, uas yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov sediments hauv pob zeb. Cov khoom tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub phiab, yav tas los thauj, solidify los yog yooj yim tig mus rau hauv pob zeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau yam khoom sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub ntuj sediment, uas tsim tshuaj lom neeg thiab dynamically unstable thiab non-equilibrium bonds, yog li cov khoom pib mus rau.teb rau ib leeg.

terrigenous sedimentary pob zeb
terrigenous sedimentary pob zeb

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom sib tsoo ntawm cov silicon oxide ruaj khov nyob hauv cov xuab zeb, uas hloov mus rau hauv feldspar, organic sediments thiab cov av nplaum zoo, uas ua rau cov av nplaum txo qis, uas, dhau los, sib sib zog nqus los ntawm 2-3 cm, tuaj yeem hloov pauv. oxidizing ib puag ncig ntawm qhov chaw.

kawg theem: yug ntawm pob zeb pob zeb

Diagenesis yog ua raws li catagenesis - txheej txheem uas metamorphism ntawm cov pob zeb tsim tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov nce ntxiv ntawm nag lossis daus, lub pob zeb tau hloov mus rau theem ntawm kev tswj hwm kub thiab siab. Kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm cov theem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias no ua rau muaj kev tsim cov pob zeb ntxiv thiab zaum kawg, uas tuaj yeem kav ntev li kaum mus rau ib txhiab xyoo.

Nyob rau theem no, ntawm qhov kub ntawm 200 degrees Celsius, muaj ib qho kev faib tawm ntawm cov zaub mov thiab tsim cov zaub mov loj heev. Qhov no yog li cas cov pob zeb txaus ntshai raug tsim, piv txwv uas tuaj yeem pom hauv txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

terrigenous sedimentary pob zeb
terrigenous sedimentary pob zeb

Carbonate pob zeb

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov pob zeb txaus ntshai thiab carbonate yog dab tsi? Cov lus teb yog yooj yim. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm carbonate feem ntau suav nrog terrigenous (detrital thiab clayey) massifs. Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm carbonate sedimentary pob zeb yog dolomite thiab calcite. Lawv tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si sib cais thiab ua ke, thiab lawv qhov sib piv yeej ib txwm sib txawv. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm lub sij hawm thiab txoj kev tsim ntawm carbonatenag lossis daus. Yog hais tias cov txheej terrigenous nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb yog ntau tshaj 50%, ces nws tsis yog carbonate, tab sis hais txog xws li pob zeb clastic li silts, conglomerates, gravelstones los yog sandstones, uas yog, terrigenous massifs nrog ib tug admixture ntawm carbonates, feem pua ntawm cov uas yog. mus txog 5%.

Kev faib cov pob zeb yas los ntawm qib ntawm roundness

Clastic pob zeb, kev faib tawm uas yog nyob ntawm ntau yam nta, yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov sib npaug, qhov loj thiab cementation ntawm cov khoom tawg. Cia peb pib nrog lub degree ntawm roundness. Nws muaj kev vam khom ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov tawv, qhov loj thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev thauj cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov pob zeb. Piv txwv li, cov khoom nqa los ntawm nthwv dej tau ua kom zoo dua qub thiab tsis muaj qhov ntse ntse.

terrigenous thiab carbonate pob zeb
terrigenous thiab carbonate pob zeb

Pob zeb, uas yog qhov qub xoob, yog cemented tag nrho. Cov pob zeb no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov cement, nws tuaj yeem yog av nplaum, opal, ferruginous, carbonate.

Ntau yam ntawm cov pob zeb terrigenous los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov tawg

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pob zeb terrigenous yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov khoom tawg. Nyob ntawm lawv qhov loj me, cov pob zeb tau muab faib ua plaub pawg. Thawj pab pawg suav nrog cov khoom tawg, qhov loj ntawm qhov ntau dua 1 hli. Cov pob zeb no hu ua coarse-grained. Cov pab pawg thib ob suav nrog cov khoom tawg, qhov loj ntawm cov uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1 hli mus rau 0.1 hli. Cov no yog sandstones. Cov pab pawg thib peb suav nrog cov khoom tawg ntawm qhov loj ntawm 0.1 txog 0.01 hli. Cov pab pawg no hu ua silt pob zeb. Thiab pawg plaub kawg txhais cov pob zeb av nplaum, qhov loj ntawm cov khoom siv yas txawv ntawm0.01-0.001mm.

Clastic qauv kev faib tawm

Lwm qhov kev faib tawm yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem clastic, uas pab txiav txim siab qhov tsim ntawm pob zeb. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg characterizes qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov pob zeb txheej.

terrigenous pob zeb classification
terrigenous pob zeb classification

Lawv muaj ib leeg thiab ib lub ru tsev. Nyob ntawm seb hom txheej txheej, nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hauv qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub pob zeb tsim. Piv txwv li, cov ntug hiav txwv dej ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv tsim ib kab pheeb ces kaum, seas thiab pas dej ua ib lub pob zeb nrog rau qhov sib npaug txheej, dej ntws - oblique txheej.

Cov xwm txheej raws li cov pob zeb pob zeb tau tsim tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm cov cim ntawm txheej txheej, uas yog, los ntawm kev muaj cov cim qhia ntawm ripples, raindrops, qhuav tawg, los yog, piv txwv li, cov cim ntawm hiav txwv surf. Cov qauv ntxeem tau ntawm lub pob zeb qhia tau hais tias cov khoom tawg tau tsim los ntawm volcanic, terrigenous, organogenic, lossis supergene influences. Cov qauv loj tuaj yeem txhais tau los ntawm pob zeb ntawm ntau lub hauv paus.

pob zeb ntau yam los ntawm kev sib sau

Clastic pob zeb tau muab faib ua polymictic lossis polymineral thiab monomictic lossis monomineral. Cov qub, nyob rau hauv lem, yog txiav txim los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ob peb minerals, lawv kuj hu ua tov. Qhov kawg txiav txim siab qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib qho ntxhia (quartz lossis feldspar pob zeb). Polymictic pob zeb muaj xws li greywackes (lawv suav nrog cov khoom ntawm volcanic tshauv) thiab arkoses (cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm granites). Kev sib xyaw ntawm terrigenouspob zeb yog txiav txim los ntawm cov theem ntawm lawv tsim.

muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm terrigenous pob zeb
muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm terrigenous pob zeb

Raws li txhua theem, nws tus kheej sib koom ntawm cov tshuaj hauv qhov sib piv ntau yog tsim. Terrigenous sedimentary pob zeb, thaum pom, muaj peev xwm qhia tau hais tias lub sijhawm twg, nyob rau hauv txoj kev twg cov khoom txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw, lawv tau faib li cas raws hauv qab ntawm lub phiab, cov kab mob nyob hauv dab tsi thiab nyob rau theem twg tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim, thiab tseem nyob hauv. cas cov pob zeb uas tsim muaj terrigenous nyob.

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