Cov pej xeem ntawm Morocco: nta, tus lej, kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov tseeb nthuav

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:58

Qhov kev paub ntau yam ntawm lub tebchaws nrog keeb kwm tsim feem ntau ntawm kev sib cav ntau pua xyoo ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm - Berbers - thiab cov neeg kov yeej, kuj tau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyob hauv Morocco. Lub monotonous kev cai dab qhuas muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov lus sib txawv yog sawv cev los ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Morocco. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw muaj neeg nyob tsis sib npaug, uas tsuas yog ua rau muaj ntau haiv neeg.

keeb kwm luv ntawm lub tebchaws

Lub xeev tau txais kev ywj pheej nkaus xwb nyob rau ib nrab thib ob ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Txog xyoo 1956, Morocco tau nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Spain, tom qab ntawd Fabkis, ces nws yog ib feem ntawm ntau lub xeev Arab. Hauv cov tebchaws no, nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, muaj cov xeev ntawm Almoravids, Almohads, Alauts, Idrisids, kav los ntawm Marinid thiab Wattasid dynasties, Saadites.

Nyob rau thaum ub, lub ntug dej hiav txwv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev lag luam platform, thiab me ntsis tom qab, cov cheeb tsam nominally nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau sab qaum tebHauv lub xeev niaj hnub no, kev ua liaj ua teb tau pib ua kom muaj zog, cov nroog loj tau tsim: Banaza, Muag, Volubilis. Cov pej xeem ntawm Morocco, uas tom qab ntawd suav nrog cov pab pawg neeg nomadic, tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman, txawm hais tias nws yog nom tswv rau Rome.

Hnub no, lub xeev yog cov phooj ywg tseem ceeb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, tsis yog ib feem ntawm pawg tub rog. Kev sib raug zoo nrog Russia yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev lag luam kev lag luam ntau dua 2 billion US dollars (raws li xyoo 2010). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pej xeem Lavxias tuaj yeem nkag mus hauv Morocco yam tsis tas yuav muaj vixaj.

Population dynamics

Ib zaj dab neeg uas rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm ua ntej keeb kwm yog qhov ua rau Morocco sib nrug. Cov pejxeem nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev niaj hnub no hauv 150 AD yog ib lab tus tib neeg. Tom qab lub Great Migration of Nations, tus naj npawb ntawm inhabitants poob los ntawm 3 lab nyob rau hauv 300 mus rau 2 lab nyob rau hauv 500. Yuav luag txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov pejxeem ntawm lub tebchaws Morocco nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 2.7 txog 4.2 lab tus tib neeg.

Kev loj hlob ntawm cov pejxeem pib nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau hnub no. Xyoo 1900, cov pej xeem ntawm Morocco suav txog 5.1 lab tus neeg nyob hauv, thiab thaum pib ntawm lub rau caum tus naj npawb ntawm Moroccans tau nce ob npaug. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, 30.1 lab cov neeg nyob hauv tau sau tseg. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tshaj plaws (rau 2016), cov pej xeem ntawm Morocco yog 35 lab tus tib neeg.

Poj niam txiv neej thiab hnub nyoog qauv ntawm Morocco

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pej xeem muaj peev xwm ntawm Moroccoyog 23.2 lab tus tib neeg, uas yog sib npaug rau 66.1% hauv feem pua. Qhov feem ntawm Moroccans ntawm cov hnub nyoog so haujlwm tsuas yog 6.1% (2.1 lab tus tib neeg), muaj 9.7 lab (27.8%) cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 15 xyoo. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam yog kwv yees li sib npaug, qhov sib piv ntawm poj niam txiv neej yog 49% thiab 51% feem.

Txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm tib neeg

Qhov piv txwv no muab qhov feem pua ntawm cov kev cuam tshuam tag nrho. Yog li, txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv Morocco yuav tsum xyuas kom muaj cov khoom lag luam thiab kev pabcuam ntau dua li ib nrab npaug ntau dua li qhov xav tau rau nws tus kheej.

Cov coefficient ntawm cov menyuam yaus thauj khoom (muaj peev xwm hloov pauv) yog 42.1%, uas muab hom kev sib deev thiab hnub nyoog pyramid thiab cov hluas ntawm cov pejxeem. Tus nqi nyiaj laus, uas yog xam raws li qhov piv ntawm cov pejxeem siab dua cov neeg ua haujlwm hnub nyoog rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, hauv Morocco yog 9.2%.

Lub neej expectancy thiab literacy

Lub neej expectancy ntawm pej xeem (thaum yug) yog 75.9 xyoo. Tsuas yog 72% ntawm cov neeg laus tuaj yeem nyeem thiab sau ntawv, thaum kev nyeem ntawv ntawm kev sib deev muaj zog yog 82.7%, ntawm cov tsis muaj zog - 62.5%. Cov tub ntxhais hluas (hnub nyoog 15 txog 24 xyoos) tau paub ntau dua. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tus nqi yog 95.1%.

Pub neeg ntom ntom thiab kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Morocco

Muab cov pejxeem (35 lab Moroccans) thiab thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev (446.5 txhiab km2 ²tsis suav nrog Western Sahara lossis 710.8 txhiab km ^{2, yog tias thaj chaw tsis sib haum xeeb suav nrog Morocco), suav nrog cov pejxeem ntawm Morocco. Qhov taw qhia yog 70 tus neeg ib square kilometers, uas muab lub xeev nyob rau hauv ib tug par nrog, piv txwv li, Iraq, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Kenya thiab Cambodia.}

Ntau lub teb chaws cov pej xeem yog nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub xeev, cov cheeb tsam sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj tseem nyob twj ywm suab puam, qhov twg cov pej xeem ceev NW nyuam qhuav ncav cuag 1-2 tus neeg ib square kilometers. Ib nrab ntawm Moroccans nyob hauv nroog, qhov loj tshaj plaws yog:

1. Casablanca yog lub nroog uas muaj neeg coob tshaj plaws thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj loj tshaj plaws. Yuav luag 10% ntawm lub xeev cov pej xeem nyob hauv agglomeration.
2. Rabat yog lub chaw coj noj coj ua thiab kev lag luam ntawm Morocco. Cov pej xeem hauv nroog yog 1.6 lab.
3. Marrakesh yog lub nroog imperial, thib plaub loj tshaj plaws hauv Morocco.
4. Fes yog qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog imperial, qhov chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab kev kawm nyob rau sab qaum teb Africa.

Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroog nrog cov neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10,000 thiab 100,000 tab tom loj hlob sai hauv Morocco.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov pejxeem nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev sib hais haum. Hauv nroog, ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev pabcuam (feem ntau, 45% ntawm cov pejxeem), nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog lawv tau koom nrog kev cog qoob loo thiab lwm yam qoob loo, citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Kev ua liaj ua teb ntiav txog 40% ntawm Moroccans.

haiv neeg ntawm Morocco

Morocco yog peb lub tebchaws Arab coob tshaj plawshauv ntiaj teb no. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv (60%) yog Arabs, thiab 40% ntawm Berbers, cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm, kuj nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Ib feem me me yog cov neeg European (feem ntau yog Fabkis, Mev, Portuguese) thiab cov neeg Yudais.

kev cai dab qhuas cov pejxeem

Morocco tshaj tawm Islam lub xeev kev ntseeg, ua raws li 98.7% ntawm cov pejxeem. Ib feem me me ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv yog cov ntseeg Vajtswv (1.1%) lossis Judaism (0.2%). Kev ua raws li txoj cai ntawm Islam yog tswj hwm los ntawm huab tais, thiab cov ntawv sau kev cai dab qhuas lawv tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem yog cov khoom ntawm kev hloov kho kev cai lij choj.

Cov pej xeem ntawm Morocco yog kev ntseeg heev, tab sis tsis ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai dab qhuas. Piv txwv li, feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem saib Ramadan, tab sis tsis tso dej cawv (xws li thaum yoo mov). Los ntawm txoj kev, kev yooj yim ntawm txoj cai tiv thaiv dej cawv uas muaj nyob rau ntawm qib kev cai lij choj tau thov los ntawm ntau tus neeg txawv teb chaws uas nyob mus tas li hauv Morocco.

Linguistic koom nrog Moroccans

Cov pej xeem ntawm Morocco hais ob hom lus - Arabic cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib qho ntawm Berber dialects (cov neeg hais lus ntawm 15 txog 18 lab, piv txwv li 50-65% ntawm cov pejxeem). Moroccan Arabic yog hais.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Fabkis tau nthuav dav - hom lus muaj koob npe, thib ob rau ntau tus pej xeem hauv lub xeev. Fabkis siv dav hauv kev lag luam, tsoomfwv, kev kawm. Nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab ib ncig ntawm Fez, ntauhais lus Mev, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas coob coob tau xaiv lus Askiv ua lawv hom lus txawv teb chaws thib ob.