Lub teeb dav hlau Yak-12: specifications, duab, keeb kwm ntawm creation

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub teeb dav hlau Yak-12: specifications, duab, keeb kwm ntawm creation
Lub teeb dav hlau Yak-12: specifications, duab, keeb kwm ntawm creation

Video: Lub teeb dav hlau Yak-12: specifications, duab, keeb kwm ntawm creation

Video: Lub teeb dav hlau Yak-12: specifications, duab, keeb kwm ntawm creation
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Anonim

Nyob rau xyoo 1940, cov thawj coj hauv Soviet tau pom zoo ib txoj kev npaj rau kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim kho kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Raws li nws, kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb tau cuam tshuam rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev tswj kab tsuag thiab kev huv ntawm cov pej xeem, cov kab nyiaj siv ua haujlwm tau pib tsim kho kom zoo. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib lub lightest aircraft nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd. Peb tab tom tham txog lub dav hlau zoo li Yak-12.

yak 12 aircraft
yak 12 aircraft

History of Creation

Yak-12 lub dav hlau yog lub tsheb thauj khoom ntau lub hom phiaj tsim los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom raws li kev coj ntawm AS Yakovlev. Tom qab kev sim ua tiav hauv xyoo 1946, kev tsim dav hlau pib tsim khoom loj. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ib qho ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas, tus kws tsav dav hlau tsis tuaj yeem tsaws lub dav hlau ntawm qhov chaw uas tau muab los ntawm I. V. Stalin tus kheej, thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov qauv dav hlau no raug txiav tawm. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus tsim ntawm Yak-12 aircraft ntawm lwm lub dav hlau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd yog ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov yuam kev yog nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau, loj ntau lawm resumed.tsuas yog tom qab tus thawj coj tuag.

Aircraft tsim

Thaum pib, lub dav hlau tau tsim los rau cov tub rog huab cua ua lub tshuab ob lub rooj muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm huv thiab kev sib txuas lus. Yak-12 yog ib qho kev sib xyaw tsim: welded chromansile leeg tau siv los tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub fuselage. Cov pob txha ntawm ob-spar tis, tails thiab ailerons tau ua los ntawm duralumin. Cov tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw lawv tus kheej tau sheathed nrog canvas. Duralumin tau siv rau hauv ob sab phlu. Ntoo tau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim cov dav hlau formwork slats. Lub tsheb thauj neeg mob huab cua tau nruab nrog duralumin fender liner. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev tawm tsam hauv lub chassis, koom nrog hom pyramidal, ib daim kab xev tshwj xeeb tau teeb tsa - txiv neej kab.

Lub cockpit yog hom tsheb thiab tuaj yeem ua tau txog li plaub tus neeg. Yog tias tsim nyog, lub stretcher raug ntsia rau ntawm nws sab xis los thauj cov neeg raug mob. Thawj lub dav hlau Yak-12 tau nruab nrog lub cav M-11FR ntawm 160 hp. nrog. thiab nrog cua txias. Sij hawm dhau mus, ntoo tau hloov nrog duralumin hauv kev tsim lub dav hlau.

Purpose

Yak-12 tau siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb. Nrog kev pab ntawm lub tshuab no, cov nroj tsuag tau pub nrog chiv, sowing, pollination ntawm teb thiab plantations. Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua lub tsheb thauj neeg mob. Lub dav hlau Yak-12 tau siv los ua lub nkoj xa khoom thiab lub tsheb thauj khoom. Raws li tus neeg caij tsheb thauj neeg, lub dav hlau no zoo tagnrho rau cov kab me. Lub tsheb tau tsim rau obneeg nrog caij thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus ib tug load tsis tshaj 350 kilograms. Cov tsev kawm ntawv dav hlau kuj tau siv Yak-12 rau kev dhia skydiving.

Cov cuab yeej thiab tsim ntawm lub dav hlau ntau lub hom phiaj no tau pom los ntawm kev yooj yim thiab tsis muaj kev cia siab hauv kev siv, muaj cov xov tooj cua thiab cov cuab yeej siv uas tso cai rau kev ya davhlau thaum hmo ntuj thiab nyob rau hauv cov huab cua phem. Ntxiv nrog rau Soviet Union, lub dav hlau tau siv nyob rau hauv Suav teb thiab Poland, qhov twg nws tau tsim ua PZL-101 Gawron.

yak 12 rc model aircraft flight
yak 12 rc model aircraft flight

Kev piav qhia

Lub 1947 Yak-12 yog lub dav hlau tis siab uas siv los ntawm lub cav M-11FR. Kev tsim ntawm lub dav hlau tuaj yeem muaj ob lossis peb lub rooj zaum. Thaum xub thawj, Yak-12 tau tsim los ua ob npaug. Cov tis tis yog V-puab thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm qhov chaw tsaws iav hleb. Vim muaj qhov ruaj khov duralumin slat, lub kaum sab xis tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntshai. Kev txhim kho pyramidal tsaws iav (kuaj ntawm Yak-10) muaj cov hlua tshwj xeeb uas khiav los ntawm txhua lub log mus rau cov roj hmab shock absorber.

yak 12 aircraft model
yak 12 aircraft model

Txoj haujlwm braking yog nqa los ntawm lub log loj nrog qhov loj ntawm 6 x 18 cm thiab tail 20 x 11 cm. Skis tuaj yeem txuas rau lawv. Kev tswj hwm muaj cov kab hluav taws xob. Cov slats nyob rau ntawm lub tis tau txhim kho qhov chaw tsaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nyab xeeb thaum ya davhlau.

Yak-12 aircraft: specifications

  • Length - 8.36 m.
  • siab - 3.76 m.
  • Wingspan - 12 m.
  • Wing area - 21.60 m2.
  • Qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau yog 830 kg.
  • Qhov hnyav (tus uas tuaj yeem nqa tau) yog 1450 kg.
  • Engines - 1PD M-11FR.
  • siab tshaj plaws yog 194 km/h.
  • Cruising speed - 169 km/h.
  • tsaws nrawm - 90 km / h.
  • Thrust – 1x160 kN.
  • Lub dav hlau yog tsim rau lub davhlau 4 teev.
  • Flying range - 760 km.

Kev hloov pauv ntawm Yak-12

Tus qauv dav hlau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv los ua lub simulator hauv cov tsev kawm aviation. Ntxiv nrog rau kev cob qhia, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau lwm yam dej num, nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho:

  • Yak-12B yog suav tias yog tib qho piv txwv nrog UVP txog li 35 meters deb. Tus tsim yog nruab nrog lub cav AI-14RF, lub zog ntawm 300 hp. s.
  • Yak-12С - aviation tsheb thauj neeg mob thauj ib tus neeg raug mob.
  • Yak-12SH yog qhov sib txawv ntawm lub dav hlau rau kev ua liaj ua teb. Nws ua pollination ntawm qhov chaw ntsuab thiab txau tshuaj tua kab. Tus tsim yog nruab nrog lub tank tshwj xeeb nyob hauv qab lub fuselage.
  • Yak-12R yog lub dav hlau rau Air Force. Lub luag haujlwm yog kev sib txuas lus. Tus tsim yog nruab nrog lub cav muaj zog AI-14R (260 hp). Tus Tsov tus tw yog nruab nrog lub coulter - ib qho tshwj xeeb nres nuv, uas, txo qis thaum lub sij hawm tsaws ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm primer, txo nws cov mileage.

txhim kho kev ua haujlwm

thawj qhov kev xaiv yog suav tias yogaircraft tsim Yak-12. Cov qauv dav hlau hauv kev hloov kho A tau hloov pauv raws sijhawm:

  • Cov tis tau txais cov duab trapezoidal thiab pib nruab nrog cov slats uas muaj ib qho strut txhua.
  • Roj tank: nce qhov loj.
  • Chassis: txhawb nqa.
  • Lub kauj log tau ua lub horn-puab.
  • Lub cockpit. Los ntawm glazing lub frontal thiab sab qhov chaw, visibility tau zoo tuaj. Kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv cab kev nplij siab tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub rooj zaum muag muag. Qhov tso cai qhov hnyav uas Yak-12A tuaj yeem nqa tau yog 1588 kg. Vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub tis ntawm lub dav hlau, lub aerodynamics tau zoo heev, qhov ceev tau nce 30 km / h thiab lub davhlau ntau yam.
pib lub cav ntawm lub dav hlau yak 12 ut
pib lub cav ntawm lub dav hlau yak 12 ut

txhim kho ntxiv

Lawv kov lub fuselage nram qab thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub tshuab.

  • Yak-12M tau nce mus rau 9 meters.
  • diav rawg tau ntxiv rau tus tsim thiab lub coulter tshem tawm.
  • Cov iav tsaws, lub fuselage thiab pem hauv ntej tis brace tau ntxiv dag zog.
  • Hydraulic cushioning hloov roj hmab.
  • Lub tsev nyob hauv qhov hloov kho Yak-12 yog tsim los rau peb tus neeg caij tsheb.
aircraft yak 12 ntaus ntawv thiab tsim
aircraft yak 12 ntaus ntawv thiab tsim

Kev hloov pauv rau dab tsi?

Vim kev hloov pauv, lub dav hlau no tau hloov kho:

  • Kev ua liaj ua teb. Tsis pub dhau ob teev, cov cuab yeej tsim nyog tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv lub tshuab qauv.
  • Ua haujlwm huv. Muaj qhov chaw txaus kom haum, tsuas yog obpilots, lwm tus kws kho mob thiab ib tug neeg raug mob.
  • Kev cob qhia skydiving. Lub footboard tshwj xeeb tau nruab rau sab xis ntawm sab ua rau txoj haujlwm no yooj yim dua.

Aircraft rau Soviet Air Force

Yak-12R tau ua haujlwm los ntawm Soviet cua tub rog ua kev sib txuas lus thiab tsheb. Rau lub hom phiaj no, tus qauv tau nruab nrog lub cav muaj zog AI-14R (260 hp), nrog rau VISH-539L-11 kiv cua. Cov ntoo sheathing tau hloov nrog duralumin. Txhawm rau txo qhov ntev ntawm kev khiav ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj 50 meters, Yak-12R tshem tawm cov nres coulter, uas yav tas los nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub log, nyob rau hauv tus Tsov tus tw seem. Lub cabin tau tsim rau peb tus neeg caij tsheb. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau mus txog 912 kg.

Kev xaiv kev cob qhia

Nyob rau thaum ntxov 1959, Soviet designers pib tsim lub simulator ntawm Yak-12 UT aircraft. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los cob qhia tub rog pilots ua cov cuab yeej tsaws. Rau qhov no, lub cabin tau nruab nrog:

  • Lub teeb thib ob, uas tso cai rau ob qho tib si pib lub cav ntawm Yak-12 UT lub dav hlau, thiab ua kev tswj xyuas kev taw qhia thiab ko taw.
  • Radio compass ARK-5.
  • Cov khoom siv yooj yim OSP-48, uas tau siv rau qhov tsis pom kev tsaws.
  • Marker receiver MRP-48.
  • Radio altimeter RV-2.
  • Generator GSK-1500. Nrog nws cov kev pab, cov cuab yeej siv tau.

Tests

Xyoo 1950, Yak-12 UT tau sim ntawm NIIVVS thiab pom zoo rau cov tsev kawm ntawv dav hlau ya dav hlau ua qhov simulator zoo rau kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm. Ntawmqhov no tau cim qhov tsis zoo:

  • 1700 rpm ntawm cov hniav qhia tias lub zog tsis muaj zog ntawm GSK-1500 cua tshuab hluav taws xob.
  • Tus kav hlau txais xov siv tsis muaj zog txaus - tus txais tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab hauv qab 1850 meters.
  • Qhov ntau ntawm lub compass yog 160 km. Qhov no tsis txaus, raws li cov thawj coj tau tso tawm qhov kev thov tsawg kawg yog 180 meters.

Tom qab kev sim rau lub Rau Hli, lwm qhov kev sim tau teem rau lub Kaum Hli ntawm tib lub xyoo. Tom qab kev txhim kho, Yak-12 UT tau nruab nrog:

  • VD-5 cua turbine, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm lub suab ntawm cov hniav thaum lub davhlau;
  • Tus kav hlau txais xov T-shaped ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm qhov siab.

Hauv xyoo 1952, lub dav hlau no tau ua tiav qhov kev sim tshiab. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, tsis pom qhov twg hauv cov ntaub ntawv nws tshwm sim li Yak-12 UT.

Cov qauv kuaj dav hlau

Yak-12 Txij li xyoo 1948, nws tau suav tias yog lub tsheb thauj neeg mob version ntawm lub dav hlau los ntawm cov koob no. Kev tsim ntawm lub dav hlau no tau hloov kho kom thauj ib tus neeg mob. Ib tug stretcher nyob rau sab laug ntawm sab. Tsis muaj lwm yam kev hloov pauv rau Yak-12. Lub dav hlau khoob hnyav hnyav 852 kg thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav txog li 380 kg. Nws suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, uas yog 22 kg. Yak-12S thauj khoom kho mob txog li 175 kg thiab zoo dua li U-2S raws li nws qhov kev txwv.

Ua lub dav hlau nrog koj tus kheej tes

Muaj cov khoom tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem ua lub dav hlau Yak-12 hauv tsev los ntawm lub qab nthab (cov vuas qab nthablos ntawm extruded polystyrene ua npuas ncauj). Nrog rau cov cuab yeej zoo thiab cov khoom seem, txoj haujlwm no yooj yim los daws.

Khoom siv, khoom muag thiab khoom seem

Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm:

  • 0.5 cm tuab qab nthab;
  • tshwj xeeb nplaum rau cov vuas qab nthab;
  • Y

  • syringe 10 ml;
  • paj yeeb yaj kiab;
  • xaim nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 0.1cm;
  • daim ntawv A4.

Cov cuab yeej xav tau:

  • tiaj tus board uas yooj yim ua haujlwm rau;
  • riam riam;
  • meter kav;
  • emery.

Parts:

  • lub cev muaj zog tsawg kawg 1100 rpm;
  • ib 12 volt roj teeb;
  • ib lub kiv cua.

Pib. Ua haujlwm nrog cov duab kos

Ua ntej koj pib, koj yuav tsum muaj lub tswv yim ntawm Yak-12 lub xov tooj cua tswj lub dav hlau yuav tsum zoo li cas. Ua li no, nws raug nquahu kom tau txais cov duab kos tsim nyog. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim, cov duab kos uas luam tawm ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv yuav tsum muab cov lej cim. Tom qab ntawd, lawv muab tso rau hauv raws li cov lej ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus.

aircraft yak 12 specifications
aircraft yak 12 specifications

Kev tsim khoom rau cov khoom

Raws li cov duab kos uas twb muaj lawm, koj tuaj yeem pib txiav tawm qhov tsim nyog. Nws yog qhov zoo yog tias feem ntau muaj cov kab ncaj nraim. Hauv qhov no, nws suav hais tias yooj yim.

Ua haujlwm nrog cov duab kos, koj yuav xav tau rab koob. Siv nws, tag nrho cov ces kaum muaj cim nrog punctures. Tom qab ntawd raws tus pas ntsuas, txuas los ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov, nrogsiv ib rab riam clerical, daim ntawv txiav yog ua. Lawv tau ua ntu zus mus txog rau thaum ib feem ntawm lub dav hlau yav tom ntej, npaj txhij rau gluing, yog tsim los ntawm daim duab. Thaum gluing lawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias qhov ntev thiab geometry ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej tsis raug ua txhaum.

Txhua daim ntawv yuav muaj cov seem ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau txiav tawm. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov seem ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum haum txig nrog ib leeg. Tsuas yog tom qab ntawd, siv lub koob txhaj tshuaj, lawv tuaj yeem ua kua nplaum.

Sib Tham

  • Thaum sib dhos cov khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias lub laminated sab yog sab nraud.
  • Ib qho tseem ceeb yog kev ua raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom txiav nrog qhov ntev uas lub roj teeb muaj - nws tuaj yeem loj dua li kev npaj hauv daim duab. Nws raug nquahu kom ntsuas ua ntej nrog tus pas ntsuas.
  • Rau kev sib raug zoo, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khaub ncaws, qhov hnyav lossis lub vise.
  • Txhawm rau tsim qhov yuav tsum tau khoov, koj tuaj yeem siv dov rau ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
  • Tom qab ntawd, txhua qhov chaw ntawm Yak-12 nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ib leeg yog glued ua ke. Lub xov tooj cua tswj cov qauv dav hlau uas feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tsoo hauv kev ya davhlau yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog.
  • Txhim kho nrog cov nplaum nplaum yuav pab muab lub zog rau cov khoom tsim.
  • Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov xaim tawv rau txuas servos.
  • Lub cev muaj zog uas lub cev muaj zog mounted yuav tsum yog ua los ntawm nyias plywood. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev rau fasten lub mounting screws rau nws.
  • Yog tsis muaj ib daim plywood, koj tuaj yeem ua tausiv cov yas, aluminium los yog ua npuas ncauj. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov khoom siv lub teeb. Nws yog ntshaw tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv tsim tsis pub tshaj 600 grams.
  • Nws pom zoo kom tso cov khoom nrog ib qho pov ntawm tes.
  • tsaws pib nrog yuav tsum ua nrog lub plab ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm qhov chaw mos. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws tsis tas yuav mount lub log ntawm tus qauv.

Tus nqi ntawm Ford Focus lossis Pegout 3008 yog sib npaug rau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim dav hlau li Yak-12. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov qauv tsim sab nraud. Tab sis nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias muaj kev hloov kho sib txawv.

dav hlau yak 12 photo
dav hlau yak 12 photo

Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, Yak-12 suav tias yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Nws tuaj yeem pom hauv cov khoom siv dav hlau.

Pom zoo: