Belovezhskaya Pushcha yog dab tsi? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws seem ntawm lub primeval relict hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub tiaj tiaj. Raws li cov tswv yim thoob plaws ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, cov hav zoov no nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm ua ntej keeb kwm tau nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Tebchaws Europe, tab sis dhau sijhawm nws tau txiav ib nrab. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntau dua los yog tsawg dua qub, nws tau khaws cia tsuas yog ib qho loj loj ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Belovezhskaya cheeb tsam, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Poland thiab Belarus.
Geography ntawm hav zoov
Belovezhskaya Pushcha yog ib qho chaw uas ciam teb ntawm ob lub xeev khiav - koom pheej ntawm Belarus thiab koom pheej ntawm Poland. Tom ntej no mus rau lub hav zoov prehistoric no yog lub npe nrov watershed ntawm Dub thiab B altic Seas. Cov flora thiab fauna hauv thaj chaw no yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau khaws nws, plaub txoj kev tiv thaiv tau tsim nyob rau hauv Belovezhskaya Pushcha:
- thaj chaw tiv thaiv;
- chaw ua si;
- thaj chaw tswj hwm;
- cheeb tsam kev lag luam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw tsis muaj khoom cuav tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig ntawm nws tus kheej. Hav zoov,nyob rau thaj av ntawm Belarus thiab Poland, yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov hav zoov prehistoric tseem khaws cia rau hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Pine forests (mossy thiab blueberry) dominated ntawm no, thiab qhov nruab nrab hnub nyoog ntawm txhua tsob ntoo yog tsawg kawg yog 80 xyoo.
keeb kwm me ntsis
Qhov no cia ua ib thaj chaw tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb tau paub hauv 1409. Ces muaj ib tug vajntxwv hu ua Jagiello zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv Polish. Lub hav zoov no nyob rau hauv nws cov khoom ntiag tug. Nws yog nws leej twg nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm tau tshaj tawm ib tug muaj koob muaj npe decree, raws li uas, txhua yam yos hav zoov rau cov tsiaj loj nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub relic hav zoov yog nruj me ntsis txwv tsis pub. Lub "Belovezhskaya Treasure" yog ib feem ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania txij thaum 1413, thiab nyob rau hauv 1795 Pushcha koom nrog Russia.
Cov me nyuam ntawm koj bison…
Koj xav li cas txuas lo lus "bison" nrog lo lus "tsob hav"? Cov no twb yog cov lus tseeb tshaj plaws-synonyms. Nco ntsoov tias zaj nkauj nto moo hais tias: "Koj cov me nyuam mos liab tsis xav tuag." Thiab nws tsis yog los ntawm kev huam yuaj. Emperor Alexander I nyob rau hauv 1802 los ntawm nws tsab cai lij choj txwv tsis pub yos hav zoov nyuj nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
Tag nrho hauv tib lub xyoo 1802, thaj chaw no tau los ua ib feem ntawm lub xeev Grodno, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab uas tau lees paub bison. Tab sis tsis tsuas yog Bison sheltered no nto moo cia. Nws thaj chaw yog neeg nyob los ntawm ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag sib txawv. Wb tham txog lub paj thiab fauna ntawm Pushcha.
YBelovezhskaya Pushcha. Tsiaj thiabnroj tsuag
Los ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu nyob hauv thaj chaw no, Belovezhskaya Pushcha yog qhov tsis muaj kev sib tw hauv txhua lub tebchaws Europe! Cia li xav tias: yuav luag 1000 hom noob nroj tsuag thiab vascular spores loj hlob ntawm no. 260 hom ntawm ntau yam mosses, 570 hom fungi thiab 300 hom lichens tau sau tseg ntawm no. National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug hotbed ntawm flora, tab sis kuj yog ib tug tiag tiag natural "zoo".
Cov npe ntawm cov tsiaj ntawm no muaj xws li 60 hom tsiaj ntawm ntau hom tsiaj, 230 hom noog, 11 hom amphibians (amphibians), 8 hom tsiaj reptiles (cov tsiaj reptiles), 25 hom ntses thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm invertebrates - ntau dua 11,000. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov neeg coob coob ntawm cov nyuj nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Belovezhskaya Pushcha.
Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov tsiaj txhu loj xws li mos lwj liab, mos lwj, elk, npua qus. Predatory tsiaj nyob rau hauv hav zoov yog sawv cev los ntawm hma, hma, badgers, lynxes, otters, martens, thiab lwm yam. Zoologists, uas yog entomologists, sib cav hais tias tsawg heev thiab tshwj xeeb cov zej zog ntawm invertebrates tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Cov no suav nrog cov kab uas nyob hauv rotten lossis ntoo tuag, hauv mulberries, nrog rau cov invertebrates uas nyiam lowland thiab tsa bogs.
Muaj ib zaug, thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw khaws cia no tau nyob los ntawm ib tug tsiaj loj ungulate - ncig saib. Hmoov tsis zoo, tam sim no nws cov pej xeem tau ploj mus tag. Tours ploj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th. Zoologists-historians hais tias cov nohoofed tsiaj tau loj dua li tam sim no "Bialowieza" giants - bison. Yuav kom ncaj ncees, bison kuj nyob rau verge ntawm extinction … Lawv, zoo li ntau lwm yam tsiaj nyob rau hauv no reserve, muaj npe nyob rau hauv lub International Red Book.
ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam
Lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws hu ua "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" hauv xyoo 1992 tau suav nrog hauv lub npe hu ua Ntiaj Teb Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej ntawm noob neej. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no koom nrog UNESCO. Ntxiv mus, raws nraim ib xyoos tom qab, lub tiaj ua si tau muab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub npe hu ua biosphere reserve. Xyoo 1997, daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Tebchaws Europe, lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb uas txhawb kev koom tes ntawm txhua lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, tau txais txiaj ntsig rau qhov chaw cia no.
Ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb no tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no - xyoo 2014. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Committee, saws rau lub rau hli ntuj 23, 2014, lub tiaj ua si-reserve "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" nrog nws Belarusian thiab Polish thaj chaw los ua ib tug UNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site. Nco ntsoov mus saib qhov chaw zoo nkauj no!
