Cov dej ntws ntawm thaj av Tyumen yog cov dej ntws puv thiab ntau hauv thaj tsam ntawm taiga hav zoov thiab sab qaum teb. Cov hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam ntawm sab qab teb ntawm cheeb tsam raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev tsis txaus dej. Cov pas dej thiab cov dej ntws ntawm thaj av no nto moo rau lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Ntau tus dej ntws yog tsim rau kev ncig xyuas dej. Cov cheeb tsam no kuj tau hlub los ntawm cov neeg nuv ntses rau nplua nuj thiab ntau yam catches.
Cov peev txheej dej ntawm cheeb tsam
Txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm-ib thaj tsam ntawm thaj av Tyumen" muab rau kev suav nrog Yugra, Khanty-Mansiysk thiab Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs rau hauv cheeb tsam. Tag nrho cov peev txheej dej ntawm thaj chaw no feem ntau yog Kara Hiav Txwv phiab. Hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm Yamalo-Nenets (nyob rau sab hnub poob) koog tsev kawm ntawv thiab Khanty-Mansiysk (nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob) - mus rau Barents Sea phiab.
Yog tias peb xav txog thaj tsam "huv" Tyumen, ces qhov ntev ntawm tag nrho nws 4791 tus dej yog 32,700 mais. Lawv feem ntau yog cov dej me me thiab cov kwj deg. Muab tso rau hauv tus account cov cheeb tsam autonomous, cov nuj nqis nce ntau:
- rivers yuav luag 75txhiab;
- ntev - ntau dua 420,000 km.
Tag nrho cov pas dej (nrog cheeb tsam) 1.7 lab. Qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog, cov av ntub dej, cov dej ntws, cov dej ntws thiab cov pas dej hauv thaj tsam Tyumen tsis tas li. Nws nyob ntawm tej yam ntuj tso: dej tswj, waterlogging, huab cua puag. Mus rau qhov tsawg dua, los ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm thaj chaw.
Rivs
Cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm tus dej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av Tyumen:
- Big Nyasma. Cua daj cua dub, nrog rifts thiab backwaters, ntev - 92 km, nto moo rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm pikes, muaj ob peb tributaries: Vogulka, Listvyanka, Malaya Nyasma.
- Ivdel. Zoo nkauj roob hav dej nrawm nrawm thiab rifts 116 km ntev.
- Irtysh. Lub ntsiab sab laug sab laug ntawm Ob (lub ntiaj teb cov dej ntws ntev tshaj plaws, hla peb lub tebchaws Kazakhstan, Tuam Tshoj thiab Russia).
- Iset. Ib tug tributary (sab laug) ntawm lub Tobol, ntws los ntawm ob cheeb tsam ntxiv ntawm Kurgan thiab Sverdlovsk, tag nrho ntev 606 km, tributaries Techa, Sinara, Miass;
- Ishim. Qhov ntev tshaj sab laug ceg ntawm Irtysh ntws los ntawm ob lub teb chaws ntawm Kazakhstan thiab Russia, qhov ntev yog 2450 km, 270 km yog navigable.
- Tavda. Ib tug tributary (sab laug) ntawm lub Tobol, nrog ib tug winding channel, 719 km ntev.
- Tura. Ib tug tributary (sab laug) ntawm lub Tobol. Nws kuj ntws los ntawm cheeb tsam Sverdlovsk, nws yog navigable. Tag nrho ntev yog 1030 km, tributaries: Aktai, Nitsa, Salda, Tagil, Pyshma. Peb lub reservoir tau ua rau ntawm Tura.
- Pyshma. Tributary (txoj cai) Tours. Ntev 603 km, haum rau ntoo rafting. Peb lub reservoirs yog siv rau kev lag luam dej.
Nrog lwm tus dej ntws ntawm thaj av Tyumen, feem ntausab laug tributary ntawm lub Irtysh, lub Vagay, paub, lub Cossack ataman Yermak tuag nyob rau hauv nws cov dej.
Lakes
Tsuas yog thaj tsam Tyumen nws tus kheej muaj ntau dua 36,000 pas dej, nrog thaj tsam ntawm kwv yees li 3.1 txhiab km2. Cov pas dej hauv ib cheeb tsam txo qis ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, yog tias peb suav nrog tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm thaj av ua ke nrog cov cheeb tsam.
Feem ntau ntawm cov pas dej yog nyob rau hauv cov lowlands thiab swamps. Muaj dej nyab, glacial thiab sab hnub poob reservoirs, feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov dej tshiab. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm thaj av muaj cov pas dej nrog cov mineralization ntau ntxiv. Cov no suav nrog S alt Lake, nyob hauv cheeb tsam Berdyugsky, Akush ntawm Kazansky koog tsev kawm ntawv (nyob rau ciam teb nrog Kazakhstan).
Cov dej loj tshaj plaws
Cov dej loj tshaj plaws ntawm thaj av Tyumen yog Ob thiab Irtysh, Bolshoy Uvat sawv ntawm cov pas dej:
- Ob. Tus dej loj tshaj plaws hauv Western Siberia. Qhov ntev yog 3650 km, lub phiab cheeb tsam yog 2,990,000 km². Nws nqa nws cov dej mus rau Hiav Txwv Kara, ntawm qhov sib txuam nws tsim ib qho loj (800 km ntev) bay hu ua Gulf of Ob. Navigable thoob plaws. Lub ntsiab tributaries yog Ket, Irtysh, Tom, Charysh, Chulym. Ntau tshaj 50 hom ntses nyob hauv Ob, ib nrab ntawm cov khoom lag luam, suav nrog muksun, nelma, sturgeon, peled, pike perch, whitefish, sterlet, whitefish.
- Irtysh. Nws ntev nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Kazakhstan yog 1700 km, Tuam Tshoj yog 525 km, qhov ntev tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia yog 2010 km. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub phiab yog 1643 txhiab km² Qhov dav ntawm tus dej nyob rau sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ncav cuag ib kilometers, qhov tob ntawm lub riffles yog mus txog 3 m, nyob rau hauv lub nce mus txog rau 15 m. Cov dej ntawm tus dej.siv los sau cov kwj dej Irtysh-Karaganda. Cov channel yog winding heev, 3784 km yog haum rau navigation, navigation yog ua tau los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis mus rau thaum ntxov Kaum ib hlis. Ib qho ntawm ob peb txoj kev hla dej hauv lub tebchaws tau muab tso rau ntawm no. Lub Irtysh cascade ntawm hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb (Shulbinskaya, Ust-Kamenogorskaya, Bukhtarminskaya) tau ua nyob rau hauv tus dej. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm sturgeon, pike, cod, carp, firebrand, salmon, perch tsev neeg muaj nyob rau hauv Irtysh.
- Big Uvat. Dav 9 km, ntev 25 km, qhov tob txog li 5 meters, thaj tsam 179 km2, av nkos hauv qab. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub ntuj monument ntawm lub regional tseem ceeb "Lake Big Uvat". Ib tug dej ntws ntawm lub Tyumen cheeb tsam ntws los ntawm nws - Vertinis (ib tug tributary ntawm lub Ishim). Cov noog tsis tshua muaj zes ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv: curlew, liab-throated goose, dawb-tailed eagle, dav dawb hau owl.
