Kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam interbranch complex. Lub intersectoral complex yog

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:50

Intersectoral complex yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv nws lub moj khaum, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam thiab kev ua ub no yog ua tiav. Lawv tsom mus rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev faib khoom. Tom ntej no, cia peb saib ze dua ntawm cov kev sib tshuam sib tshuam muaj nyob.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Ib qho kev sib koom ua lag luam yog ib qho qauv uas tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ib ntu kev lag luam. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, sawv tawm ntawm tus so nyob rau hauv raws li lub general faib ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Yog li, nyob rau hauv kev lag luam muaj tshuab-tsev, roj thiab lub zog, metallurgical thiab lwm yam intersectoral ntau lawm complexes.

ntu loj tshaj

Ntau qhov chaw sib tshuam ua haujlwm hauv lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj tshaj plaws sawv tawm. Cov no suav nrog, tshwj xeeb:

• FEC.
• apk.
• Txoj kev lag luam tsim tshuaj thiab khoom siv.
• Engineering.
• Tub Rog Industrial Complex.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv ntu

Cov roj thiab lub zog sib cuam tshuam muaj xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm shale, peat, thee, roj, roj, cua sov thiab lub zog, cov haujlwm rau kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Lawv koom ua ke los ntawm ib lub hom phiaj sib koom ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov roj, hluav taws xob, thiab cua sov. Agro-industrial intersectoral complex muaj xws li sectors ntawm kev lag luam uas yog heterogeneous nyob rau hauv lawv orientation. Tshwj xeeb, nws suav nrog kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, kev tsim kho tshuab rau nws, tsim cov khoom tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag, cov ntxhia chiv, thiab cov tshuaj tua tsiaj. Nws kuj suav nrog cov kev lag luam xws li kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim kho vaj tse, nrog rau kev tswj dej thiab av reclamation, kev ua liaj ua teb engineering. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm agro-industrial complex yog khoom noj khoom haus hauv lub tebchaws.

Kev faib tawm

Intersectoral economic complexes yog conventionally muab faib ua haumxeeb thiab cov hom phiaj. Kev xaiv tom kawg yog raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev koom tes hauv kev tsim cov khoom kawg. Tsis tas li ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv qhov kev sib cais yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tsim tawm. Cov qeb ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntu no suav nrog kev siv tshuab engineering, roj hluav taws xob, agro-industrial complex. Nws kuj tseem suav nrog kev thauj mus los thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib cuam tshuam. Kev sib cais ntawm cov haujlwm ua haujlwm tau ua tiav raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshwj xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Pawg no suav nrog kev tshawb fawbtechnical, peev thiab infrastructure complexes. Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm Russia lub intersectoral complexes.

Investment sector

Qhov kev lag luam hla kev lag luam no suav nrog kev tsim khoom, kev tsim kho cov khoom siv, kev siv tshuab engineering. Lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog muab tso rau hauv cov khoom lag luam ntsig txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam. Qhov no intersectoral complex muaj kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub technical re-equipment, expansion thiab nce nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv nws lub moj khaum, kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom kuj tseem ua tiav.

Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Sib Tham Sib Tham

Nws muaj ob ntu txuas nrog. Tshwj xeeb, nws muaj cov kev tshawb fawb thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nws tus kheej, uas ua kom cov khoom tso tawm. Daim ntawv no yog tsim los ua kom ceev ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab thiab lawv cov kev siv tau zoo hauv kev xyaum. Qhov kev sib tshuam no suav nrog cov koom haum tshawb fawb, cov koom haum thev naus laus zis, cov chaw tsim khoom tsim thiab lwm cov lag luam hauv daim teb no.

FEC

Qhov kev lag luam kev lag luam no yog qhov nyuaj ntawm lub zog thiab cov roj tsim khoom thiab tiam, lawv kev thauj mus los, kev faib tawm thiab kev siv. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov roj thiab lub zog complex muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov nplai, kev qhia thiab kev lag luam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib ze rau qhov chaw ntawm lub zog thiab roj yog ib qho ntawm cov kev cai tseem ceeb rau lub koom haum thaj chaw ntawm kev tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev pom ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam, kev faib cov peev txheej uas twb muaj lawm yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov neeg siv hluav taws xob tseem ceebNyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws, thaum hais txog 80% ntawm lub geological cia yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam. Kev thauj mus los nce tus nqi ntawm cov khoom kawg. Cov roj thiab lub zog ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv cheeb tsam tsim. Ib tug haib infrastructure yog tsim nyob rau hauv tam sim ntawd ib ncig ntawm lub springs. Nws nyiam txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroog thiab cov chaw nyob ze. Txawm li cas los xij, cov roj thiab lub zog ua haujlwm suav txog li 90% ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob hauv tsev cog khoom, ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov pa phem hauv huab cua thiab 1/3 ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo tawm hauv dej. Tag nrho cov no, tau kawg, tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov txiaj ntsig zoo.

Metallurgy

Qhov kev lag luam kev lag luam no muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov haujlwm uas tsim cov hlau ntau lawm. Kwv yees li 90% ntawm lawv yog cov dub (hlau thiab alloys tau los ntawm nws). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntim ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog ntau dua, nrog rau qhov no, cov tuam txhab koom nrog lawv cov mining thiab kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev rau cov ntu uas ua kom muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Russia yog suav hais tias yog ib lub teb chaws loj tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov hlau ore, nrog rau smelting. Kwv yees li ntawm 1.3 lab tus neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm hauv ntu no, 1/8 ntawm tag nrho cov peev txheej tsim tau yog concentrated.

Tshuaj-kev lag luam hav zoov

Nws yog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov nroj tsuag tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov haujlwm no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb. Lawv lub luag haujlwm yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv davcov khoom uas lawv tsim. Kev lag luam chemical muaj cov khoom siv dav dav. Cov no suav nrog:

• Kev tsim khoom pov tseg.
• Air.
• dej.
• ntoo.
• Nyiaj txiag thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog cov khoom siv roj refining, thee coking - cov ntaub ntawv npaj tshwj xeeb.

Engineering

Qhov kev sib tw no tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv tsev. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam sab hnub tuaj yog xa mus rau European ib ncig ntawm Russia. Cov kev xav tau ntawm Far East thiab Siberia rau cov cuab yeej siv thiab tshuab tau ntsib los ntawm 70-90% los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm thaj tsam sab hnub poob thiab los ntawm kev xa khoom. Qhov chaw ntawm cov chaw lag luam koom nrog lub tshuab-tsim complex ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov khoom: qhov loj ntawm cov khoom, qhov dav ntawm qhov ntau, qhov ntsuas ntawm kev tsim khoom ntawm ib leeg, sectoral, kev siv dav dav. Kev faib tawm kev ua tau zoo yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam:

• Txiv neej.
• Kev tshwj xeeb, kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev koom tes, kev tsim khoom ntau.
• Nyob ze rau qhov chaw ntawm raw khoom.
• Kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis.
• ntim ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab nqi.

tub rog kev lag luam

Qhov kev sib tw no suav nrog kev sau cov kev sim, cov chaw tshawb fawb thiab cov koom haum, nrog raucov tuam txhab koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam. Lawv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm yog tsom rau kev tsim, khaws cia, tsim khoom, muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv tub rog, mos txwv, mos txwv thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov khoom no yog npaj rau kev xa tawm lossis siv los ntawm lub zog sab hauv ntawm lub xeev. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Ministry of Defense thiab lwm lub tuam tsev thiab lub cev tuaj yeem ua raws li cov koom haum thiab cov koom haum-cov neeg siv khoom. Cov kev kawm no cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tsim cov riam phom ntawm tus kheej, kev tsim cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, tuav kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm, kev pom zoo ntawm kev tsim cov phiaj xwm rearmament. Txij li thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2008, txhua qhov kev yuav khoom raws li kev txiav txim siab ntawm Tub Rog-Industrial Commission yog ua los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Chaw Pabcuam Cov Khoom Siv, Cov Khoom Tshwj Xeeb thiab Tub Rog, thiab Cov Tub Rog.