Lub cheeb tsam Ulyanovsk yog nyob rau hauv lub Volga Federal District. Nature reserves, sanctuaries thiab tshwj xeeb cov chaw tiv thaiv tsis yog tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm no. Tom qab tag nrho, cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntsuab ntawm thaj av no loj heev. Thiab tag nrho cov ua tsaug rau lub Volga, uas, tau faib lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub cheeb tsam, muab nws ob lub cheeb tsam uas txawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tej yam ntuj tso tej yam kev mob. Tias yog vim li cas ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu tuaj yeem nyob ua ke ntawm no. Tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv tej yam ntuj tso cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv lub Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam yog nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Thiab qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, vim tias txoj haujlwm ntawm noob neej yog khaws cia thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam: qhov chaw, kev nyab xeeb
Pib nrog, cia peb mus saib seb yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj ntau qhov chaw ntsuab tau ua tau, dab tsi ua rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob sai. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, nws yuav tsum tau hais ob peb lo lus hais txog thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm thaj av thiab nws cov huab cua.
Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam me me hauv cheeb tsam (37 txhiab mais), nws qis dua rau txhua thaj tsam ntawm thaj av Volga (tseem muaj yim ntawm lawv).
Lub Volga tau faib thaj av ua ob ntu: Txoj Cai Txhab Nyiaj thiab Sab laug. Ua ntejlub roob, hu ua lub Volga, yeej, thaum lub thib ob yog dominated los ntawm lub tiaj.
Raws li kev nyab xeeb, ntawm no nws yog temperate continental, nrog rau cov frosty winters thiab kub, feem ntau qhuav summers.
Cov av ntawm thaj av Ulyanovsk yog nplua nuj heev, lub ntiaj teb dub. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj tseeb rau sab laug bank ntawm lub Volga. Ntawm no yog thaj av fertile tshaj plaws. Tseem muaj cov av grey hav zoov. Qhov no piav qhia qhov tseeb tias tawm ntawm 1700 hom ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, 400 yog adventive, uas yog, qhia los ntawm lwm cheeb tsam. Nroj tsuag zoo heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam muaj ntau haiv neeg ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag. Cov chaw khaws tseg ntawm cov chaw no yog ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag tubular thiab ntoo.
Lub cheeb tsam kuj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv minerals. Cov roj yog muab rho tawm ntawm no, iav, cement, silicon ntau lawm yog tsim.
Sengileevsky Gory Reserve
Cia peb txheeb xyuas qhov tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv thaj chaw ntawm thaj av Ulyanovsk. "Sengileevsky roob" yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Nws muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws. Feem ntau qhov chaw no nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub Volga yog hu ua lub zos Switzerland. Lub ciam teb, uas muaj thaj tsam ntawm 5 txhiab hectares, zoo nkauj heev. Ntau yam toj roob hauv pes thiab geological khoom sib ntsib ntawm no: chalk caps ntawm roob, qhov chaw uas muaj cov nroj tsuag ci, zoo nkauj meadows surrounded los ntawm ib lub nplhaib ntawm lub roob, gullies thiab, ntawm chav kawm, winding roob dej ntws nrog cov dej purest winding los ntawm gorges.
Cov ntoo ntau tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw yog deciduous, dominated los ntawm birch thiab ntoo qhib, cov neeg sawv cevconifers tsis muaj ntau, ntoo thuv yog feem ntau. Cov hav zoov muaj nyob rau hauv pawg I tiv thaiv.
Lub plawv ntawm lub tiaj ua si yog lub pas dej loj uas muab thaj chaw muaj dej huv, vim muaj cov dej hauv av loj heev nyob ntawm no.
Reserve "Shilovsky hav zoov-steppe"
thaj chaw ntawm Sengileevsky Roob muaj ntau qhov tshwj tseg: yos hav zoov, paleontological thiab Shilovskaya hav zoov-steppe. Wb tham txog toj roob hauv pes kawg.
Peb twb tau tham txog qhov nyuaj ntawm thaj av Ulyanovsk. Cov reserves kuj tsis zoo li ib leeg. Shilovskaya hav zoov-steppe yog ib tug ua ke ntawm toj thiab ravines. Ntawm thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 2 hectares, koj tuaj yeem pom ob qho tib si hav zoov thiab steppes. Muaj ntau tus thawj hauv thaj chaw.
qhov chaw no kuj txawv vim cov nroj tsuag tuaj ntawm no. 79 ntawm tag nrho cov naj npawb tsis tshua muaj, yim ntawm lawv tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab. Ob qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, muaj kab mob (uas yog, lawv loj hlob hauv thaj chaw no xwb).
Tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv kab (tus nees steppe thiab Armenian bumblebee) thiab noog (tus dawb-tailed dav dawb hau, imperial dav dawb hau, golden eagle) nyob rau hauv lub Shilovskaya hav zoov-steppe.
Reserve "Privolzhskaya hav zoov-steppe"
Txhua qhov txawv txav "Privolzhskaya hav zoov-steppe". Feem ntau ntawm nws yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Penza. Lub cheeb tsam Ulyanovsk, uas nws reserves yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb tsab xov xwm, tsuas muaj ib feem me me ntawm nws.
Tsis muaj kwj dej thiab toj no ntxiv lawm, tsuas yog cov steppes dav dav tshaj 8.3 hectares. Ib feem ntawm Ulyanovskoblasts yog thaj chaw tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom muab qhov chaw siv av txwv.
Undorovsky ntxhia caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Yuav luag 50 mais ntawm Ulyanovsk muaj ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb uas kho qhov chaw zoo nkauj - lub zos ntawm Undory. Txawm tias cov neeg Turkic, uas tau muab lub npe ntawm thaj chaw, pom lub hwj chim txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej ntxhia hauv zos. Tsis xav tias lawv tis npe rau kev sib hais haum li ntawd. "Kaum tshuaj" - qhov no yog txhais ntawm lo lus "undory" los ntawm Turkic.
thaj chaw ntawm 7.5 hectares hauv 1997 tau lees paub tias yog thaj chaw chaw so nrog txhua qhov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, muaj 20 qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm no, uas yog qhov tso nyiaj ntawm cov dej tshuaj. Lawv nyob rau me ntsis mineralized.
Undorovsky dej pab nrog urological thiab gynecological kab mob, alleviate tej yam kev mob nrog rau cov kab mob ntawm cov zis, thiab kuj yuav txo tau ulcers. Yog vim li cas cov neeg hauv zos hu lub chaw so thib ob Karlovy Vary.
Relic forests
Tam sim no tseem muaj cov pob zeb nyob hauv thaj av Ulyanovsk - cov uas tsis tau kov los ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Lawv nyob ze lub zos Mullovka, Melekessky koog tsev kawm ntawv.
Lub monument ntawm xwm hu ua - "Relic forests". Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv. Lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov ntoo loj hlob ntawm no mus txog ib puas xyoo.
thaj chaw tau muab faib ua ob ntu ntawm cov qib sib txawv. Cov ntoo nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 22 meters loj hlob ntawm thawj tus, thiab 23 meters ntawm qhov thib ob. Feem ntau cov no yog lindens - 90% ntawm lawv, qhov seem 10% yog birch, koj tuaj yeem pom hazel thiab maples.
Rau lub hom phiaj kev nyab xeeb, kev txiav, kev tsim kho thiab kev ua liaj ua teb raug txwv hauv hav zoov.
Nkauj Ntsuag ntawm "Grannoe Pob Ntseg"
Majestically sawv ntawm sab xis ntawm lub Volga, cov seem ntawm "Grannoye Ukho". Lub roob no nyob ib leeg, ntau tshaj peb puas meters siab, yog ib tug tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv tej yam ntuj tso monument. Nws tuaj yeem pom txawm tias los ntawm thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm Ulyanovsk. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, Stepan Razin lub lawj soj ntsuam nyob rau ntawm cov seem, vim hais tias tag nrho cov tiaj yog zoo kawg nkaus pom los ntawm nws.
"pob pob ntseg" hauv cov lus hauv zos yog ib lub roob ntawm lub roob, thiab "ntug" yog ciam teb, ciam teb, yog li lub npe. Cov seem muaj ib puag ncig, nws txoj kab nqes yog them nrog cov nroj tsuag, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj yog ib qho chaw tiaj tiaj. Muaj ib zaug, 30 lab xyoo dhau los, muaj ib tug dej tsaws tsag ntawm no, tab sis nws tawg, tshuav ib lub roob xwb.
Cov seem yog lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm diatomite - cov khoom siv los ntawm cov cement yog tsim, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 60-70s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaj chaw tau nquag siv los ntawm cov cement hauv zos. Tab sis xyoo 1989, qhov chaw tau lees paub tias yog ib qho kev coj noj coj ua, yog li txhua txoj haujlwm ntawm nws tau nres.
Reserve "Starokulatkinsky"
Starokulatkinsky cia yog tseem ceeb ntawm tsoomfwv. Qhov no cheeb tsam ntawm 20.2 txhiab hectares xav tau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Cov av ntawm no yog cov tsis zoo, chalk pob zeb predominate. toj roob hauv pes yog toj.
Muaj ib zaug, cov ntoo qhib ntoo raug txiav rau thaj av ua liaj ua teb, yog li tsis muaj hav zoov nyob ntawm no - tsuas yog cov tub ntxhais hluas loj hlob. Cov nroj tsuag uas muaj hmoo txaus kom muaj sia nyob yog trampledtsiaj txhu.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog Mount Zolotaya 340 meters siab. Nws cov slopes yog cov neeg pluag, vim hais tias chalk thiab gravel predominate, uas tsis txhais hais tias nplua nuj zaub.
Tam sim no tseem muaj teeb meem nrog cov dej ntawm cov cia tseg: cov dej ntws ntawm no yog qhov ntiav heev thiab qhuav hauv qhov kub. Tsis muaj cov dej loj dua ntawm thaj chaw.
Lub ntiaj teb no tsiaj thiab noog txom nyem heev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no yog vim muaj cov yam ntxwv anthropogenic (cov khoom cia yog siv rau kev ua liaj ua teb), ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj qhov chaw zes (qhov no feem ntau cuam tshuam cov noog).
Tsis ntev los no, cov chaw ua si hauv tebchaws ntawm thaj av Ulyanovsk tau raug tswj hwm tshwj xeeb. suav nrog hauv Starokulatkinsky cia, kev ua haujlwm loj tab tom tab tom ua los khaws cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntuj.
Sursky Reserve
Lwm yam tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv tej yam ntuj tso yog Sursky cia. Qhov no imposing cheeb tsam ntawm 22 hectares tau muab cais nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav khaws cia tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsis tshua muaj hom tsiaj. Xyoo Keeb Kwm - 1982.
Lub chaw cia yog nyob ntawm thaj chaw nruab nrab ntawm tus dej Sura thiab Barysh. Yuav luag tag nrho nws thaj chaw yog them nrog hav zoov, thiab, uas tsis yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau thaj tsam Ulyanovsk, nrog conifers. Feem ntau yog ntoo thuv, tsawg zaus - spruce. Cov av seem yog nyob rau hauv xeev cov liaj teb, cov koom haum ua vaj, thiab lwm yam.
Ntau tus tsiaj thiab noog nyob ntawm no, ntawm lawv muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv. Yog li, Imperial Eagle, Greater Spotted Eagle, Golden Eagle, thiab Red Data Book Desman kuj pom ntawm no. Lawv mus rau qhov chaw cia thiabCov tsiaj tsis zoo rau thaj tsam Ulyanovsk, xws li puav, otters lossis grey herons.
Reserve "Orlanov Bereg"
Yuav kom txuag tau cov noog uas muaj kev puas tsuaj, suav nrog cov dav dawb hau dawb, cov neeg tawm tsam tau qhib lub chaw cia "Ntaus ntawm Eagles".
Ntawm no, ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 84 hectares, muaj thaj chaw toj siab, uas muaj pes tsawg tus noog, tsiaj txhu thiab nroj tsuag tsawg. Cov hav zoov no feem ntau yog coniferous, ntoo thuv lossis dav-leaved.
Txoj kev txwv nruj tshaj plaws: koj tsis tuaj yeem txiav ntoo, teeb tsa cov chaw ncig xyuas chaw, txwv tsis pub siv, thiab tseem khaws paj.
