A minesweeper yog lub nkoj tub rog tshwj xeeb tsim los tshawb nrhiav, ntes thiab tshem tawm cov dej hiav txwv, txhawm rau taug kev nkoj hla cov yeeb ncuab minefields. Peb yuav tham txog nws hauv kab lus.
me ntsis terminology
Raws li lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm, minesweepers tau muab faib ua hiav txwv, theem pib, tua thiab dej. Trawls kuj tau muab faib ua acoustic, kev sib cuag thiab electromagnetic. Acoustic mines yog tsim los rau detonate acoustic mines, simulating lub suab ntawm lub nkoj txoj kev. Kev sib cuag trawls yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv lawv cov qauv tsim thiab muaj cov saw nrog cov riam uas txiav cov cables tuav cov mines, tom qab ntawd cov nqi tawm tshiab raug rhuav tshem los ntawm ib sab ntawm cov minesweeper los ntawm cov phom tshuab lossis cov phom me me. Electromagnetic tsim ib qho chaw hluav taws xob uas simulates lub nkoj hla, thiab siv tawm tsam cov mines sib nqus. Nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm minesweeper, koj tuaj yeem pom qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov tob, uas cov minesweeper tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg yos hav zoov submarine.
Yug ntawm minesweepers
Nrog cov tsos ntawm cov arsenals ntawm lub nkoj loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub hiav txwv muaj zog ntawm ib hom tshiab riam phom - hiav txwv mines, cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm lawv cov kev tshawb fawb thiab neutralization. Mines tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaivnaval bases thiab cuam tshuam ntawm yeeb ncuab hiav txwv kev sib txuas lus. Lub hnub nyoog lo lus nug "daim thaiv-hnav" tau ua tiav tiav thawj zaug hauv Lavxias Navy. Cov minesweepers tau txais kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws hauv 1904 thaum lub sij hawm Russo-Japanese Tsov rog. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Lavxias teb sab minesweepers tau kawm tiav hauv lwm lub tebchaws, ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov minesweepers nyob rau hauv lub active fleets nyob rau hauv lub interwar lub sij hawm.
Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II
Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob tau muab lub zog rau txhua yam riam phom, suav nrog kev ua rog. Minesweepers tau dhau los ua kev tiv thaiv zoo dua thiab ua tub rog, tuaj yeem ua lwm yam haujlwm:
- tsaws troops;
- poob ntug dej hiav txwv;
- escort thauj convoys;
- evacuate troops.
Cov qib siab tshaj plaws yog German minesweepers, uas lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais "Mine Minesweeper" daim paib rau lawv lub siab tawv. Tom qab kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2, cov qub minesweepers tau koom nrog kev tshem tawm kuv lub sijhawm ntev, muab lawv cov kev sib ntaus sib tua rau cov nkoj tshiab uas siv cov kev tsim nkoj zoo tshaj plaws.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov minesweeper niaj hnub no tau tsim nyob rau hauv UK xyoo 1960s. Lub nkoj, nruab nrog lub zog acoustic radar, tshawb nrhiav cov mines, thiab yog tias lawv tau pom, tso lub tsheb tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv qab dej, uas tau koom nrog kev tshawb nrhiav ntxiv thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom kuaj pom. Nws rhuav tshem cov mines nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kuv: hauv qab - los ntawm kev ua txhaum cai, tiv tauj - los ntawm kev tomthauj tog rau nkoj kab. Hom nkoj no tau txais lub npe minesweeper-searcher (SHCHIM) hauv ntiaj teb fleets.
Txij thaum xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s, yuav luag txhua tus minesweepers hauv ntiaj teb tau zoo, tsis yog tsim los tshiab lossis hloov los ntawm cov minesweepers qub. Trawls tam sim no ua haujlwm thib ob. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov mines hauv qab-mounted broadband nrog lub hom phiaj nrhiav kom pom ntau yam, torpedo lossis missile warhead, lub minesweeper niaj hnub yuav tsum muaj lub hiav txwv tob tob ua haujlwm ze rau hauv av.
Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev lag luam sonar chaw nres tsheb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab-scan locators, nws tau dhau los siv lawv los tshawb nrhiav thiab rhuav tshem cov mines, uas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kuv lub zog ua haujlwm. Hauv cov chaw nres nkoj thiab thaj chaw, nyob ze ntawm cov tub rog hauv paus, kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej tau pib ua, vim tias txhua yam khoom zoo li mines tau nkag mus rau hauv phau ntawv teev npe. Qhov no tso cai rau hauv lub sijhawm ua tsov rog kom paub cov khoom tshiab tam sim ntawd, uas, feem ntau, yuav yog mines. Tag nrho cov no ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm kuv lub zog ua haujlwm thiab tso cai rau koj los lav qhov kev nyab xeeb tawm ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov hauv paus.
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov riam phom tiv thaiv kuv, uas tau pib nyob rau sab hnub poob hauv 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ua rau muaj kev nce qib ntawm cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov rog no. Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev uas kev tawm tsam cov mines tau nce mus deb ntawm "kev tshwj xeeb" ua, dhau los ua ntau yam kev ua ub no suav nrog ntau lub zog thiab txhais tau tias.
Thaum Ua Haujlwm Shock thiab Awe(Tebchaws Asmesliskas thiab cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Iraq hauv 2003), Iraqi minelayers disguised li tub lag luam ships raug ntes los ntawm Allied Special Operations Forces, ntau tshaj 100 Iraqi mines tau pom thiab rhuav tshem los ntawm divers thiab uninhabited underwater tsheb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua no, cov phoojywg tsis raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm Iraqi mines, uas tau tso cai rau Asmeskas cov tub rog hauv av kom ua tiav tiav.
Modular anti-mine systems
Tsis ntev los no, kev txhim kho sai ntawm kuv lub zog ua haujlwm tau ua rau kev siv cov tshuab ua haujlwm mine (MPS). Warships thiab submarines nruab nrog cov tshuab tam sim no tuaj yeem ua rau nws tus kheej nrog cov mines yam tsis xav tau cov minesweepers. Qhov nthuav MPS yog US Navy RMS AN/WLD-1 tsis muaj neeg nyob hauv qab dej. Lub semi-submerged, remotely tswj lub tsheb nrog ib tug towed side-scan locator muaj peev xwm ntawm nws tus kheej searching rau mines ntawm ib tug zoo deb ntawm lub carrier nkoj rau ntev heev. Tam sim no US Navy muaj 47 cov khoom siv zoo li no.
