Lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ncauj lus pej xeem hauv Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv yog txawv txawv, muaj ntau yam thiab hom lus dab neeg. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau tsim maj mam, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub neej thiab muaj tswv yim kev ua ub no ntawm cov neeg, manifested nyob rau hauv ntau pua xyoo. Tam sim no, muaj ntau hom lus dab neeg hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Kev kos duab ntawm qhov ncauj yog qhov tshwj xeeb txheej ntawm kev paub ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm ntau txhiab tus ua haujlwm classical tau tsim.
Kev txhais lus
Folklore yog qhov ncauj lus pej xeem kos duab, tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev xav tob, kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj, nws suav nrog txhua yam paj huam, cov lus hais, kev lis kev cai thiab kev coj noj coj ua, nrog rau kev hais lus zoo nkauj. Folklore ib hom ntawv tau muab faib ua ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis qhov pib muaj ntau pawg:
- Cov nkauj ua haujlwm - tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm, piv txwv li, tseb, plowing, haymaking. Lawv yog ntau yam kev quaj, teeb liab, suab paj nruag, lus sib cais, nkauj.
- Calendar folklore - conspiracies, kos npe.
- Zoo nkauj dab neeg.
- kev quaj ntsuag,nrhiav tus account.
- Tsis yog kev cai dab qhuas yog cov lus dab neeg me me, cov lus pov thawj, dab neeg, dab neeg thiab cov lus hais.
- Oral prose - dab neeg, lus dab neeg, bylichki thiab anecdotes.
- Cov me nyuam zaj dab neeg - rhymes, chaw zov me nyuam, lullabies.
- Song epic (heroic) - epics, paj huam, nkauj (keeb kwm, tub rog, sab ntsuj plig).
- Kawm muaj tswv yim - khawv koob, txhua hnub tales thiab fairy tales txog tsiaj, ballads, romances, ditties.
- Folklore theatre - rayek, nativity scene, disguise, ua yeeb yam nrog menyuam roj hmab.
Cia peb xav txog hom lus dab neeg ntau tshaj plaws.
Lab zaj nkauj
Nov yog ib hom nkauj, qhov txawv ntawm qhov uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua nrog rau txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Cov nkauj ua haujlwm yog ib txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, kev ua haujlwm hauv zej zog, teeb tsa lub suab sib dhos nrog cov suab paj nruag yooj yim thiab cov ntawv nyeem. Piv txwv li: "Wow, cia peb los ze zog me ntsis kom nws lom zem dua." Cov nkauj zoo li no tau pab pib thiab ua tiav txoj haujlwm, sib sau ua ke pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab yog cov pab sab ntsuj plig hauv kev ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm tib neeg.
Daim ntawv teev ntuj dab neeg
hom kev hais lus pej xeem no yog nyob rau hauv kev cai ritual ntawm lub voj voog. Lub neej ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb ua haujlwm ntawm thaj av yog inextricably txuas nrog huab cua. Yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj coob tus rituals tau tshwm sim uas tau ua kom muaj kev zoo siab, kev vam meej, cov xeeb ntxwv loj ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab lwm yam. Cov hnub so uas muaj kev hwm tshaj plaws ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub yog Christmas, Maslenitsa, Easter, Epiphany thiabTrinity. Txhua qhov kev ua koob tsheej tau nrog cov nkauj, chants, incantations thiab ritual ua. Cia peb nco qab txog cov kev cai uas nrov npe hu nkauj rau Kolyada hmo ua ntej Christmas: “Qhov txias tsis muaj teeb meem, Kolyada yog khob ntawm lub tsev. Christmas los txog hauv tsev, ua rau muaj kev xyiv fab heev."
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Txhua qhov chaw nyias muaj nyias hom lus dab neeg, tab sis feem ntau nws yog lus quaj, kab lus thiab nkauj. Kab tshoob lus dab neeg suav nrog cov nkauj uas nrog peb lub ntsiab lus: kev sib tw, kev hais lus ntawm niam txiv rau tus nkauj nyab, thiab kev ua koob tsheej tshoob. Piv txwv li: "Koj cov khoom, peb cov tub lag luam, tsuas yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb xwb!" Lub ritual ntawm kev xa tus nkauj nyab rau tus nraug vauv yog cov yeeb yuj heev thiab yeej ib txwm nrog cov nkauj ntev thiab luv luv. Ntawm kab tshoob nws tus kheej, cov nkauj tsis nres, lawv quaj ntsuag lub neej bachelor, thov kev hlub thiab tsev neeg nyob zoo.
Ntxhais hmoob nyab laj (me me)
Pab pawg neeg ntawm qhov ncauj kos duab no suav nrog txhua yam me me ntawm cov dab neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev faib tawm no tsis meej. Piv txwv li, ntau yam ntawm cov menyuam yaus cov lus dab neeg, xws li pestles, lullabies, riddles, kindergarten rhymes, teasers, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee cov kws tshawb fawb faib txhua hom lus dab neeg rau hauv ob pawg: daim ntawv teev npe-ritual thiab non-ritual.
Cia peb xav txog yam nrov tshaj plaws ntawm hom me me ntawm cov dab neeg.
Ib zaj lus piv txwv yog ib qho kev hais lus sib dhos, lus zoo uas hais txog kev xav dav dav thiab muaj qhov xaus.
Signs - ib nqe lus luv luv lossis kev qhia uas qhia txog cov ntawdCov cim qhia uas yuav pab kwv yees tej xwm txheej ntuj, huab cua.
Paj Lug - ib kab lus, feem ntau nrog kev tsis txaus ntseeg, ua rau pom qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub neej, qhov xwm txheej.
Sentence - ib nqe lus me me-rov qab rau tej yam tshwm sim, muaj sia nyob, cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig.
Patter yog ib kab lus me me, feem ntau rhyming, nrog cov lus uas nyuaj rau hais, tsim los txhim kho diction.
Nkauj hais lus zoo
Qhov ncauj lus muaj xws li cov lus hauv qab no ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus.
kab lig kev cai - zaj dab neeg txog keeb kwm xwm txheej hauv pej xeem rov hais dua. Heroes ntawm legends yog mytho-epic heroes, warriors, huab tais, princes, thiab lwm yam.
Legends - myths, epic dab neeg hais txog heroic deeds, tib neeg, fanned nrog hwm thiab koob meej, raws li txoj cai, hom no yog endowed nrog pathos.
Bylichki - cov dab neeg luv luv uas qhia txog lub rooj sib tham ntawm tus phab ej nrog qee yam "cov dab phem", cov xwm txheej tiag tiag los ntawm lub neej ntawm tus neeg piav qhia lossis nws cov phooj ywg.
Happenings - Cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag ib zaug thiab nrog ib tus neeg, thaum tus piav qhia tsis yog tim khawv
Zaj nkauj no yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom - paj huam, nkauj. Hom menyuam yaus zaj dab neeg - dab tsi nrog tus menyuam thaum yug los txog rau loj hlob.
Pestushki yog cov lus luv luv lossis cov nkauj uas nrog rau thawj hnub ntawm tus menyuam yug tshiab. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lawv, lawv tau tu, tu me nyuam, piv txwv li: "Lub nightingale hu nkauj, hu nkauj, zoo nkauj, tab sis zoo nkauj."
Nyob zoo nkauj yog cov paj huam me me uas tsim los ua si rau me nyuam.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws.
Rotok - tham, Handles - grippers, Legs-walkers.
Chants - poetic, song thov rau xwm, tsiaj. Piv txwv li: "Lub caij ntuj sov liab, tuaj, coj hnub sov."
Jest is a me fairy tales poem sung rau me nyuam yaus, zaj dab neeg luv luv hais txog lub ntiaj teb ib ncig.
Lullabies yog zaj nkauj luv uas cov niam txiv hu thaum hmo ntuj kom lawv tus menyuam pw.
Riddle - nqe lus los yog kab lus uas yuav tsum tau daws.
Lwm hom menyuam yaus cov lus dab neeg suav nrog cov lus sib dhos, cov lus qhia thiab lus dab neeg. Lawv nrov heev hauv peb lub sijhawm.
Song epic
Tus phab ej uas muaj yeeb yam qhia txog hom qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov dab neeg, nws qhia txog cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim ib zaug hauv daim ntawv nkauj.
Epic yog ib zaj nkauj qub uas hais nyob rau hauv ib qho kev solemn tab sis unhurried style. Glorifies pej xeem heroes, heroes thiab qhia txog lawv heroic deeds rau cov txiaj ntsim ntawm lub xeev, lub Lavxias teb sab fatherland. Piv txwv li, epics txog Dobryn Nikitich, Volga Buslaivaich thiab lwm tus.
Historical songs - ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm epic ib hom ntawv, qhov twg cov style ntawm kev nthuav qhia tsis tshua muaj eloquent, tab sis daim ntawv poetic ntawm narration yog khaws cia. Piv txwv li, "Lub Nkauj ntawm tus Yaj Saub Oleg".
Nkauj tawm tshiab
pab pawg no suav nrog cov nkauj thiab cov nkauj uas tsim los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam pej xeem.
Fairy taleas - luv luv lossis ntev epic piav qhia, ib qho ntawm feem ntau hom ntawm qhov ncaujpej xeem kos duab txog cov xwm txheej tsis tseeb, tus phab ej. Tag nrho cov no yog cov lus dab neeg, hom dab neeg hauv nws yog cov hauv qab no: tej yam yees siv, niaj hnub thiab tsiaj tales. Fairy tales qhia cov tswv yim hais txog lub ntiaj teb no, zoo, phem, lub neej, kev tuag, xwm uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg. Piv txwv li, qhov zoo yeej ib txwm kov yeej kev phem, thiab muaj cov dab neeg dab neeg zoo nyob hauv ntiaj teb.
Ballads yog cov paj huam, ib hom nkauj thiab suab paj nruag muaj tswv yim.
Jokes yog ib yam tshwj xeeb ntawm epic narration txog cov xwm txheej comic los ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Keeb kwm lawv tsis muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas peb paub lawv. Cov no yog cov dab neeg ua tiav hauv lub ntsiab lus.
Nkauj Ntxawm is a short story about possible, improbable events, something that was fiction from begin to end.
Chatushka yog ib zaj nkauj me me, feem ntau yog quatrain nrog cov ntsiab lus lom zem, qhia txog cov xwm txheej, xwm txheej xwm txheej.
Folk theatre
Kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev muaj ntau ntawm cov tib neeg, cov ntsiab lus rau lawv muaj ntau yam, tab sis feem ntau yog qhov ua yeeb yam.
Nativity scene yog ib hom kev ua yeeb yam tsim los rau txoj kev puppet theatre.
Rayok - ib hom duab ua yeeb yam, cov khoom siv hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub thawv nrog cov qauv hloov pauv, cov dab neeg tau hais tib lub sijhawm qhia txog cov lus hais ntawm cov lus dab neeg.
Qhov kev faib tawm yog qhov feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau nkag siab tias hom ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus yog kev sib nrig sibntxiv rau ib leeg, thiab qee zaum tsis haum rau qhov kev faib tawm uas tau lees paub. Yog li ntawd, thaum kawm txog qhov teeb meem, ib qho yooj yim version feem ntau yog siv, qhov twg tsuas yog 2 pawg ntawm ib hom ntawv txawv - ritual thiab non-ritual folklore.
