Lub Nplhaib Pacific ntawm Hluav Taws yog ib pawg ntawm cov roob hluav taws, zoo li txhua tus uas nquag nquag. Lawv txhua tus ciam teb dej hiav txwv, uas lawv tau txais lawv lub npe. Ntawm lawv yog cov geysers, uas, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, muaj kev phom sij ntau dua li cov roob hluav taws. Kev kwv yees lawv qhov tawg yog yuav luag ua tsis tau.
Nws nyob qhov twg?
Lub nplhaib hluav taws kub Pacific yog thaj chaw nyob raws thaj tsam ntawm dej hiav txwv ntawm tib lub npe. Muaj ntau lub volcanoes nquag ntawm no. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 540 ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - cov no yog cov uas paub rau noob neej. Ntawm lawv, 328 nyob ncaj qha rau hauv lub nplhaib hluav taws.
Ntev thiab qhov chaw ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntuj:
- nyob rau sab hnub poob - pib ntawm Kamchatka Peninsula, hla cov Nyij Pooj, Philippine thiab Kuril Islands, ntes New Guinea, New Zealand. Xaus hauv Antarctica. Volcanoes tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm no. Lawv npog nrog lub hau dej khov, uas tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj;
- nyob rau sab hnub tuaj -pib nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Antarctica, hla cov Islands tuaj ntawm Tierra del Fuego, Andes, Cordillera thiab Aleutians.
Txawm hais tias thaj chaw me me, cov roob hluav taws hauv ob thaj chaw muaj kwv yees li qub, lawv tsuas yog cog ntau dua nyob rau sab hnub tuaj.
Qee lub geysers me thiab volcanoes nyob ntawm ntau cov Islands tuaj me me hauv dej hiav txwv Pacific.
Nyob zoo li cas?
Lub Nplhaib Pacific Pacific tau tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem geodynamic xws li kev sib kis thiab subduction. Lawv sawv cev rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov dej hiav txwv lithosphere, thaum daim phiaj pib txav deb ntawm ib leeg, los yog rov ua dua, hloov cov phiaj. Yog li ntawd, volcanoes yug. Thaj tsam Pacific Dej hiav txwv nws tus kheej suav nrog Cocos thiab Nazca daim phiaj. Lawv tsim lub teb chaws. Volcanoes tau tsim saum lawv, raws li cov junctions ntawm daim phiaj thiab continents yog cim nyob rau hauv cov chaw no.
Pacific Ring of Fire tsis tiav. Hauv qee qhov chaw, cov txheej txheem saum toj no tsis tau pom, yog li tsis muaj pob zeb volcanic raug tsim. Qhov no tau sau tseg ntawm ntu ntawm New Zealand thiab ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Antarctica. Ntawm no, seismic kev ua ub no tsawg li tsawg tau, yog li tsis muaj av qeeg, tsis tuaj yeem volcanoes lossis, piv txwv li, geysers daim ntawv.
Kuj yog vim li cas tib yam, kev ua seismic tsis tau pom nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm North America. Txoj kab uas ntsiag to khiav raws California, ces mus rau sab qaum teb mus rau Vancouver Island.
Lub roob hluav taws lawv tus kheej tsim maj mam, hauv qhov chawsib koom ntawm daim hlau. Thiab cov dej txias ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific yuam kom lawv ua haujlwm txhua lub sijhawm, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam ze.
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub nplhaib hluav taws
Lub roob hluav taws ntawm Pacific Ring of Fire ua rau muaj teeb meem thiab teeb meem tshaj plaws rau cov neeg Nyij Pooj. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv, nyob hauv thaj chaw no, yog Fujiyama. Nws yog ib lub khob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 4 km. Eruptions tau pom ntau zaus, lawv tau nrog cov yam ntxwv tawg. Ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1707. Ua ntej, ib tug dub huab cua ntawm pa taws thiab tshauv tshwm nyob rau hauv lub roob hluav taws. Nws ua tsaus, zoo li thaum tsaus ntuj. Tom qab ntawd pob zeb thiab tshauv pib ya tawm ntawm lub qhov cua. Ntau lub zos me tau tawg los ntawm pawg neeg, hav zoov raug puas tsuaj, thiab cov qoob loo tau puas tsuaj tag nrho.
Lwm qhov kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim hauv Tokyo thaum kawg lub Cuaj Hlis 1952. Ib tug underwater volcano erupted ntawm no. Thaum xub thawj, chav tsim, tshauv tau maj mam muab pov tseg. Tom qab ntawd tuaj lub thiaj li hu ua volcanic foob pob. Ib tug ciav loj heev tsim. Muaj neeg tuag - cov tub ceev xwm xa nkoj tshawb fawb mus rau qhov chaw, uas tau poob. Cov neeg tim khawv los ntawm lwm lub nkoj uas caij nkoj los ntawm hais tias cov Islands tuaj ntawm cov dej, uas tam sim ntawd ploj mus.
Hauv Alaska thiab Aleutian Islands, qhov chaw Pacific Ring of Fire stretches, eruptions kuj tsis tshua muaj, vim muaj ntau tshaj 50 volcanoes. Ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1912, thaum qhov ntim ntawm cov tshauv thiab pob zeb hluav taws kub tawm.yog 8.5 cubic kilometers. Qhov hnyav tau sib npaug rau 29 billion tons. Qhov no yog ib qho kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub roob hluav taws.
Islands with volcanic origin
Qhov twg lub nplhaib hluav taws nyob hauv Pacific nyob, cov Islands tuaj tshiab tau tshwm sim tas li, cov teb chaws tau nthuav dav. Kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv qab lub hau dej los yog me me dhau (hloov yog 50-180 hli hauv ib xyoos) rau ib tus neeg kom ntes lawv yam tsis muaj cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
Volcanic keeb kwm yog nyob rau hauv roob ntawm Mauna Loa thiab Kilauea, uas nyob rau hauv Hawaii. Thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov tshwm sim, cov dej hauv lawv thaj tsam tam sim ntawd pib boil thiab ua npuas dej. Cov huab cua tshwm sim nrog tshauv.
Muaj 18 lub roob hluav taws kub nyob hauv Malay archipelago ntawm Sumatra. Lawv cov yam ntxwv yog crater pas dej. Cov no tsis tuaj yeem pom nyob qhov twg hauv ntiaj teb.
Zoo kawg
Yog li, Pacific nplhaib ntawm hluav taws yog ncaj qha koom nrog kev tsim tshiab ntawm cov teb chaws. Qhov no tshwm sim qeeb heev, tab sis nrog txhua qhov hluav taws kub tawg, qhov chaw hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, dej hiav txwv tsis yog li "tsim" tom qab tag nrho.
