Russia yog lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, thiab tseem yog ib lub tebchaws muaj dej ntau tshaj plaws. Lub teb chaws muaj loj reserves ntawm cov dej tshiab. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 2.5 lab tus dej ntws, ntws thiab ntws ntws los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Kab lus no yuav qhia rau koj paub meej txog ib qho ntawm lawv hu ua Vychegda. Cov koom pheej Komi thiab ib feem ntawm Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam yog thaj chaw uas nws ntws.
lub npe tuaj qhov twg?
Nyob hauv cov lus ntawm cov neeg Komi, lub npe ntawm tus dej suab zoo li Ezhva, uas txhais tau tias "meadow water": "ezh" - meadow or grass, and "va" - water.
Lavxias lub npe ntawm tus dej Vychegda yog los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm Ugric lo lus "vycha" - greenery, meadow, thiab "ohgt" - tus dej. Thaum hloov mus rau cov lus Lavxias, tsab ntawv kawg "a" tau ntxiv rau cov lus.
Yog li, Vychegda yog tus dej ntws los ntawm cov nyom. Lub Komi kuj qee zaum hu ua "dej daj", vim cov dej hauv nws ib txwm muaj av nkos.
geography
Cia muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog thaj chaw ntawm lub pas dej no. Raws li tau hais los saum no, Vychegda yog tus dej,nqa nws cov dej raws cov tiaj tiaj hauv thaj tsam taiga, feem ntau yog los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Komi koom pheej (85% ntawm lub phiab) thiab ib nrab ntawm thaj av Arkhangelsk. Koj yuav tsum nrhiav nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub European ib feem ntawm Russia. Nws yog lub chaw loj tshaj plaws ntawm Northern Dvina, nws sab caj npab.
Qhov ntev ntawm cov channel yog 1130 km, thaj tsam ntawm lub phiab yog ntau tshaj 120 txhiab square meters. km. Yuav luag tag nrho nws cov ntug dej hiav txwv yog them nrog taiga hav zoov, uas yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv Komi koom pheej. Tsis muaj pob zeb, tsis muaj pob tsuas, tsis muaj qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm tus dej, nws ntws ywj pheej, dav thiab tsis nrawm hla lub tiaj nrog qhov siab hloov ntawm 120 mus rau 150 meters. Yog cov kwj ha loj tuaj, ces cov alluvial yog compressed, nqaim, tsis muaj terraces.
Swamps feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov xuab zeb channel, txoj kab nqes ntawm tus dej yog me ntsis. Lub phiab yog tsim los ntawm Permian sediments (av nplaum, marls), carboniferous limestone, tshaj ib cheeb tsam loj yog tsim los ntawm Jurassic thiab Cretaceous pob zeb, uas nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw overlap Quaternary deposits.
Txoj kev ntawm tus dej yog winding heev, piv txwv li, hauv qab lub nroog ntawm Syktyvkar, ib tug reservoir, bypassing lub Semukovskaya Upland, khoov nyob rau hauv ib tug ntxhab arc mus rau lub Vym River - nws txoj cai tributary. Ncaj nraim nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub arc tsis ntau tshaj 3 kilometers, thiab koj yuav tau ua luam dej raws tus dej rau 30 kilometers. Lub sinuous nyem ntawm Vychegda phiab tau tsim los ntawm ntau lub glaciations ntawm North Hiav Txwv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws zaum kawg ua ntej ntawm av.
qhov ncauj thiab qhov ncauj
Vychegda yog tus dej uas tsim los ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm Voi-Vozh thiab Lun-Vozh ntws uas ntws los ntawm Dzyur-Nyur swamp nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Timan Ridge. Tau qhov twg los coordinates:62° 19' Nr sh. thiab 55°32'E. e.
tus dej Vychegda ntws qhov twg? Nws nqa nws cov dej mus rau Northern Dvina, uas nws ntws nyob ze lub nroog Kotlas, uas yog 600 km deb ntawm Arkhangelsk. Lub qhov ncauj tswj hwm: 61° 17'N. sh. thiab 46°37'E. e.
Hydrology
Vychegda cov zaub mov sib xyaw. Ib feem loj poob rau ntawm daus (40-45%) thiab hauv av (34-40%), ib feem ntawm nag (15%). Cov ntsiab lus dej yog li ntawm 162 cubic meters ib ob nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm Ust-Nem, 601 cubic meters ib ob nyob ze Syktyvkar, lub peev ntawm lub Komi koom pheej, mus rau 1160 cubic meters ib ob nyob ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj.
Tus dej ntws tawm ntawm cov dej khov thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj txog lub Tsib Hlis. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej nyab, theem ntawm Vychegda nce siab - los ntawm 4 mus rau 7 meters. Cov dej ntws los ntawm qhov dej nyab tau ntau kilometers dav. Xyoo 1974, muaj dej nyab tshwj xeeb, thaum theem ntawm tus dej nce yuav luag 8 meters. Tab sis cov dej loj ntawm Vychegda sai sai.
Verkhnyaya Vychegda
Tus dej yog conditionally muab faib ua Upper, Middle thiab Lower.
Lub Upper Vychegda ntws rau 346 km los ntawm nws qhov chaw mus rau qhov sib txuam ntawm sab laug tributary ntawm Nem. Lub phiab ntawm cheeb tsam no yog ib tug dissected toj toj siab mus txog 250 meters siab. Qhov dav ntawm lub hav dej hauv qhov chaw no nce mus txog 200 meters. Cov channel meanders raws tag nrho txoj kev, muaj ntau yam me me sai sai thiab shoals, tam sim no ceev heev - 0.7-0.8 meters ib ob.
Nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw, qhov dav ntawm tus dej tsis tshaj 15 meters, tab sis nws maj mam nthuav thiab mus txog 100 meters ntawm Nem. Nruab nrabQhov tob ntawm Upper Vychegda yog 3 meters, thiab qhov loj tshaj yog 10 meters. Qhov chaw ntawm tus dej no yog underground thiab daus, cov dej ntws ze ntawm lub zos Pomozdino yog 50 cubic meters ib ob.
Medium Vychegda
Pib los ntawm kev sib hais haum ntawm Ust-Nema thiab, khiav 488 km, xaus ntawm qhov sib txuam ntawm sab laug tributary ntawm Sysola (ntawm no yog lub peev ntawm Komi - Syktyvkar). Ua ntej, tus dej ntws los ntawm Kerchem hav, nyob nruab nrab ntawm Zhezhimparma thiab Nemskaya uplands, qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub phiab nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Northern Uvaly upland thiab Timan ridge. Hauv qab no tus channel ntws los ntawm qhov chaw swampy dav.
Rau sab xis ntawm tus dej muaj ntau lub pas dej (Sindorskoye, Donty). Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub tributaries ntawm Nem, Vym thiab Northern Keltma, karst yog yam ntxwv. Lub hav ntawm Nruab Nrab Vychegda stretches rau 10 kilometers, qhov dej nyab yog dav, feem ntau ob sab, overgrown nrog meadows, swampy nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Cov channel uas muaj qhov dav ntawm 100 mus rau 700 meters muaj cov xuab zeb-av nplaum hauv qab, raws nws cov kev kawm muaj cov Islands tuaj, cov ntug dej muaj strewn nrog pebbles.
Qhov tob ntawm tus dej Vychegda hauv cheeb tsam no hloov pauv tau - los ntawm 0.5 meters ntawm cov phom sij rau 6 meters ntawm qhov ncav cuag. Tam sim no qhov ceev nruab nrab yog 0.5 meters ib ob, tab sis nyob rau hauv dej siab nws mus txog 2 meters ib ob. Khoom noj khoom haus yog dominated los ntawm daus (60%), tus so ntog ntawm feem ntawm nag thiab underground. Cov dej ntws ntawm Ust-Nema yog 160 cubic meters ib ob, ntawm Syktyvkar - 600 cubic meters ib ob. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej nyab, theem ntawm tus dej hauv dej nce 5-6 meters.
Lower Vychegda
Nws pib los ntawm nws txoj kev sab xis - tus dej Vym, khiav 296 mais mus rau lub qhov ncauj. Nyob rau hauv qhov qis dua, tus dej yuav loj dua thiab dav dua, tab sis txwv tsis pub nws cov toj roob hauv pes thiab hydrological tej yam kev mob zoo ib yam li cov Middle Vychegda.
Ob sab ntug dej nyab tseem nce mus txog 6-8 mais, tab sis lub hav dav mus txog 40 km. Cov ntug dej nyob rau hauv seem ntawm tus dej no feem ntau yog xuab zeb, av nplaum Islands tuaj nrog dub kab txaij ntawm peat yog tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Pebbles nrog pob zeb muaj ntau dua. Muaj ntau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv ntawm Timasova Gora pier, raws lub nkoj hla ntawm Upper Soiginsky thiab Slobodchikovsky riffles, qhov twg lub pob zeb tiag tiag tau tsim.
Tus dej ntws los ntawm qhov chaw qis dua feem ntau yog daus, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav muaj dej nyab.
Txiv kab ntxwv
1137 tributaries sau dej rau lub reservoir. Qhov no tsis suav nrog ntau dua 23 txhiab tus kwj me me, qhov ntev tsis tshaj 10 km.
Lub ntsiab tributaries ntawm tus dej Vychegda (qhov loj tshaj): ntawm sab xis - Vym, Vol, Vishera, Yarenga thiab Elva, sab laug ceg - Viled, Sysola, Lokchim, Northern Keltma, Nem, Southern Mylva.
Ib feem ntawm cov tributaries, xws li Vym thiab Northern Keltma, yog salmon spawning av, thiab yog li ntawd yog ib qho tseem ceeb nuv ntses.
Shipping
Vychegda yog tus dej navigable. Kev taw qhia ntawm nws qhib rau thawj lub lim tiam ntawm lub Tsib Hlis, thiab kaw rau 20 Lub Kaum Hli. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov nkoj mus txog Voldino pier (960 km), thiab lub caij ntuj sov thiab caij nplooj zeeg mus rau Ust-Koloma pier (693 km).
Lub berths loj tshaj plaws: Yarensk, Mezhozh, Solvychegodsk, Aikino, Ust-Kulom, Syktyvkar.
Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev taug kev ntawm Vychegda nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nws cov channel tsis ruaj khov, thiab cov xuab zeb yog mobile heev. Raws li cov ntsuas no, lub reservoir yog thawj nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov ntug dej hiav txwv ze ntawm thaj chaw muaj neeg nyob ntawm Oshlapye, Sharovitsy thiab Vyemkovo tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntxuav tawm los ntawm Vychegda.
Tab sis cov dej ntws nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia ib txwm yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus, yog li ntawd, txawm tias muaj teeb meem, Vychegda yog txoj kev dej loj hauv cheeb tsam: thaum lub caij ntuj sov, cov pej xeem tsiv mus rau dej, thiab lub caij ntuj no. - ntawm ice.
Kuj, tus dej no yog siv los ua ntoo rafting los ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Localities
Ntau lub nroog tau ua raws tus dej, thiab ntau lub zos tau tawg. Cov chaw nyob tseem ceeb: lub peev ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Komi Syktyvkar, suburban zos ntawm Ezhva, Krasnozatonsky, Sedkyrkesh, Zheshart, lub nroog ntawm Koryazhma, Solvychegodsk thiab Kotlas, lub zos ntawm Anufrievka thiab Anikeevka, thiab lwm yam kev nyob.
Npaj qhov tseeb
Lub cev dej uas kab lus tau muab siab rau yog ntses nplua nuj heev. Sterlet, zander, perch, pike, bream, Nelma, chub, ide, burbot, roach, gudgeon, ruff thiab lwm hom ntses muaj nyob ntawm no. Tus dej pub rau tag nrho cov pejxeem ntawm Komi.
Kev yooj yim neeg caij tsheb ciav hlau RZD No. 24 ntawm Moscow thiab Syktyvkar ib zaug hu ua "Vychegda".
Tam sim no koj paub qhov twg tus dej Vychegda nyob thiab nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog dab tsi.
