Hais txog hom muaj pes tsawg leeg, temperate forests muaj ntau inferior to tropical ones. Cov ntoo ntawm central Russia tsis muaj ntau thiab, nws yuav zoo li, yuav tsum paub rau txhua tus. Tab sis nws tsis yog. Ntawm chav kawm, txhua leej txhua tus tuaj yeem yooj yim paub txog birch, ntoo thuv lossis spruce, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm elm los ntawm maple lossis tuaj yeem piav qhia tias linden zoo li cas. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qee cov ntoo tseem nyob hauv hav zoov, thaum lwm tus tseem nyob hauv nroog. Kab lus no yuav tsom mus rau hom hav zoov.
tsob ntoo ntawm central Russia: npe
tsob ntoo coniferous tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe Plain yog ntoo thuv. Tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam yog hom spruce. Qee lub sij hawm muaj dawb fir thiab poob larch. Tab sis lub dominant txoj hauj lwm belongs rau lub deciduous. Lawv loj hlob sai dua conifers thiab yoog tau yooj yim dua rau kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig, ua tsaug rau qhov uas lawv tau cag txawm nyob hauv nroog loj. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Central Russia Upland, cov hom hauv paus txawm yog cov ntoo qhib lus Askiv, lub plawv-leaved linden thiab ntau cov tshauv. Tau kawg, birch thiab aspen muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw. Los ntawmntau hom willows thiab dub alder loj hlob raws ntug dej ntawm hav zoov hav zoov. Nyob rau hauv shady qhov chaw muaj ib tug ntxhib elm (nws kuj yog ib tug roob elm). Cov yam ntxwv ntoo ntawm central Russia yog ntau yam maples, ib tug zoo tib yam roob tshauv, thiab ib tug hav zoov txiv apples. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj ntawm cov txiv apples, dub thiab dawb poplar, thiab cov txiv ntseej nees tau nthuav dav hauv nroog.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsas sawv daws
tsob ntoo no yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv peb hav zoov: nws nce mus txog plaub caug meters. Tshauv muaj lub cev ncaj; lub bark yog grey-ntsuab. Tsob ntoo nyiam noo tab sis tsis waterlogged av, yog li nws feem ntau loj hlob raws kwj dej thiab dej ntws. Cov ntoo tshauv me me, tsis zoo li cov neeg laus, tsis xav tau lub teeb. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, tsob ntoo tau yooj yim txheeb xyuas los ntawm nws cov buds loj dub. Lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo tshauv yog teem siab, openwork, zoo nkauj zoo li tus. Nws muaj cov nplooj uas paub zoo heev - ntev (txog 35 cm), pinnate.
Feem ntau, cov nplooj ntawm cov ntoo ntawm central Russia yog cov khoom siv tau tshaj plaws rau kev txheeb xyuas. Los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas lawv cov duab, kev txiav txim siab hom yog qhov yooj yim.
Linden lub plawv-tawm (small-leaved)
Nws yog tsob ntoo siab siab (txog 35 meters). Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov tiaj thiab foothills, feem ntau ntawm cov pob tsuas thiab qhov chaw siab tshaj. Nws siv cov hauv paus hniav zoo hauv cov nroog thiab yog li ntawd feem ntau siv los ua cov nroj tsuag. Lub linden muaj ib lub cev ncaj nrog ib tug wrinkled greyish bark. Cov ntoo uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub clearings muaj zog qe-puab crowns. Linden yog tsob ntoo zib ntab. Nws blooms lig, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij ntuj sov. Cov paj me me dawb-daj muaj lub suab qab zib thiab ntxim nyiammuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv yog tshuaj.
paj sau rau hauv ib pawg, ntawm lub hauv paus uas muaj nplooj ntev - ib tug tsov ntxhuav. Linden txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog round txiv ntoo. Cov nplooj yog puag ncig lub plawv-puab, me ntsis reminiscent ntawm poplar. Deciduous ntoo ntawm central Russia, raws li txoj cai, tsis txawv nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb durability, tab sis lub plawv-leaved linden tuaj yeem nyob txog 800 xyoo.
Black (sticky) alder
tsob ntoo no tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv cov av noo siab. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov hav dej thiab txawm nyob rau hauv swamps. Alder hlob mus txog 30 meters. Nws lub cev yog tsaus, nrog tob "wrinkles", cov ntoo yog reddish-daj. Cov nplooj yog rounded, nrog ib tug notch opposite lub stalk. Alder blossoms nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm dej nyab. Nyob rau hauv txiv neej ntoo, paj yog sau nyob rau hauv ntev daj-ntsuab catkins. Cov poj niam inflorescences nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov cones nyuaj.
Dub alder hlub lub teeb thiab loj hlob sai. Qhov no yog ib tsob nroj muaj txiaj ntsig. Nws ntoo yog haum rau siv nyob rau hauv high humidity tej yam kev mob.
Pedunculate ntoo qhib
Cov ntoo ntawm central Russia yog tshuaj, qee qhov ntawm lawv feem ntau siv tshuaj. Oak tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nrog nws qhov tsaus thiab ntxhib heev, tab sis kho tawv tawv. Cov ntoo siab no loj hlob hauv toj thiab hav. Nws muaj cov ceg ntoo thiab cov nplooj uas pom tau yooj yim, uas yog hu ua pinnately lobed, vim lawv muaj ob peb khub ntawm fused lobes.
Oak ntoo tawg thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig. Txiv hmab txiv ntooyog lub teeb xim av-daj acorns (2-3 pieces ntawm ib tug ntev petiole). Oaks nyob ntev, lawv cov ntoo yog tawv thiab tsis rot. Vim li no, cov rooj tog kim "rau ntau pua xyoo" yog tsim los ntawm nws.
Scabby elm (roob elm)
tsob ntoo lub npe yog vim muaj cov kab nrib pleb ntev ntawm nws cov tawv ntoo. Qhov siab ntawm elm yog 30 meters, thaum cov nroj tsuag yog heev slender, nrog ib tug ntev lub cev muaj zog thiab ib tug kuj dav crown. Cov ntoo ntawm central Russia yog txawv los ntawm lawv unpretentiousness: piv txwv li, ntxhib elm muab ntau tua ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv damp lowlands thiab nyob rau hauv lub roob, nce mus rau qhov siab ntawm 1000 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem thiab noj paus nyob rau hauv pob zeb steeps. Elm tsis xav tau ntau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias li ntawm av fertility. Nws muaj loj, ntxhib thiab tsis heev symmetrical oblong nplooj nrog ob-serrated ntug.
Tus elm ntxhib txaus siab rau ib nrab ntxoov ntxoo, yog li koj yuav tsis ntsib nws hauv qhov chaw qhib. Nws blooms ntxov heev; violet-liab paj yog sau nyob rau hauv ntom me me bunches. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo elm ripen thiab poob tawm. Lawv yog cov txiv ntoo flattened ncig los ntawm ob lub fused dav lobes.
Poplar thiab aspen
Yuav luag txhua tus yuav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov nroj tsuag no, cov lus qhia rau cov ntoo hauv nruab nrab Russia tsis xav tau ntawm no. Tab sis tseem, hais txog cov nroj tsuag feem ntau hauv peb lub teb chaws, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej cov hom no. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis yog txhua tus paub tias lub npe thib ob ntawm aspen yog poplar.tshee hnyo. Tsob ntoo no heev undemanding rau av, tab sis hlub lub hnub. Aspen yog sai sai ntes cov cuttings tshiab thiab clearings, tab sis nws lub hnub nyoog tsis tshaj 90-100 xyoo. Lub cev yog ntev thiab du, nrog grey-ntsuab bark. Lub crown yog me me, tsis tshua muaj thiab nyob siab. Cov nplooj yuav luag puag ncig, nrog rau ib qho tsis sib xws. Kev ua pa me ntsis ntawm cua ua rau lawv tshee, uas yog vim muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov petioles. Aspen nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab saum toj no, grey hauv qab. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, lawv noj cov xim burgundy nplua nuj.
Dub poplar paub zoo tias yog tsob ntoo "cog". Nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv cov nroog raws txoj kev loj lossis ntawm txoj kev hauv zos tshaj li hauv hav zoov. Poplar txaus siab rau lub hnub thiab noo noo. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo, tsob ntoo loj hlob mus txog 40 meters. Cov tawv ntoo yog grey, ntxhib, nrog longitudinal tawg. Lub crown yog dav. Cov nplooj yog lub plawv zoo li tus.
Zoo kawg
Yog li, tsab xov xwm luv luv piav qhia txog tsob ntoo ntawm central Russia, uas nws cov npe paub zoo rau txhua tus. Saib ntawm cov duab, xyaum me ntsis - thiab nws yuav tsis yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib tsob ntoo los ntawm lwm tus. Hmoov zoo, raws li twb tau sau tseg, hav zoov flora ntawm huab cua huab cua tsis muaj ntau heev.
