Neeg Lavxias: cov yam ntxwv zoo ib yam, duab

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:48

Cov lus nug seb puas muaj cov neeg Lavxias, muaj coob tus neeg nug. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no muaj ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ncauj lus no. Cov xov xwm niaj hnub tshaj tawm tias "kos ib tug Lavxias teb sab - koj yuav pom ib tug Tatar." Tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais li cas txog qhov no?

Research results

Teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov zoo li cas ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab zoo li, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm ntau txhiab tus neeg. Cov neeg ntawm cov haiv neeg no tsis muaj epicanthus (qhov tshwj xeeb quav ntawm lub ces kaum sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag, tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm haiv neeg Mongoloid), qhov no yog ib qho kev qhia txog keeb kwm. Thiab tawm ntawm 8,500 tus neeg uas tau koom nrog hauv txoj kev tshawb no, tsuas yog 12 tus neeg muaj tus kabmob epicanthus. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb loj ntawm cov noob caj noob ces tau pom tias nws yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tshaj plaws. Ntawm cov neeg nyob sab Europe, qhov no yog cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws.

Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb tau lees paub qhov kev xav no. Tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb, lawv tau sau tseg tias Tatar admixture nyob rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm Russians tau pom nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus tus nqi: lub Tatar-Mongols yeej tshuav tsis muaj ib co kab ntawm lawv tus quab nyob rau hauv lub genotype ntawm niaj hnub inhabitants ntawm lub qaum teb hnub poob,Central, yav qab teb cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation.

Keeb Kwm

Cov kws tshawb fawb uas kawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab tau piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov neeg zoo li no. Kwv yees li 4,500 xyoo dhau los, ib tug txiv neej nrog ib tug tshiab haplogroup, R1a1, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Central Lavxias teb sab Plain. Thiab nws tau pib kis sai heev vim nws qhov tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg nrog nws puv loj Eastern European thaj chaw. Thaum teb cov lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas muaj pes tsawg tus purebred Lavxias teb sab muaj hnub no, ib tug yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account hais tias cov nqa ntawm lub R1a1 haplogroup nyob rau hauv lub European ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, nyob rau hauv Ukraine thiab nyob rau hauv Belarus. Ntawm no lawv tus lej nce mus txog 70%, hauv tebchaws Poland tus lej no yog 57%. Hauv B altics nws yog 40%, hauv Norway, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Sweden - 18%. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais tias muaj cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm pab pawg hauv Is Nrias teb nyob rau hauv qhov siab ntawm 16%, thaum lawv sawv cev 47% ntawm tag nrho cov castes sab saud.

hmoob busting

Yog li cov lus dab neeg dav dav tau raug rhuav tshem tias tsis muaj cov neeg Lavxias nyob sab nraud. Nws muab tawm tias pawg neeg no yog "monolithic". Nws yeej ib txwm tau haum rau assimilation. Qhov ntawd yog nws tsis tau koom nrog lub Great Migration of Nations - ces purebred Russians tsis pib yaj nrog lwm haiv neeg.

Tam sim no, ntau qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau tshwm sim ntawm no dua li cov neeg German. Tab sis tsawg dua cov Italians. Qhov tseeb tiag, cov kws tshawb fawb nyob rau xyoo tas los no tau kawm yuav ua li cas cov neeg Russians purebred sib xyaw nrog Finno-Ugric pab pawg.

Nws tau muab tawm tias lub tebchaws tau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb. Tab sis thaum qhov no tshwm sim, los ntawm kev sib tov ntawm cov neeg - tseem vagueib riddle. Nws tsuas yog paub tias cov neeg progenitor no nyob ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los. Ob tug neeg Lavxias tau txheeb xyuas. Nyob rau hauv tsos, purebred Russians nyob rau sab qaum teb gravitate ntawm lub B alts thiab tsawg dua ntawm Finno-Ugric pab pawg neeg. Kuj tseem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov poj niam thiab txiv neej kab. Kab ntawm cov ntxhais Lavxias teb sab purebred zoo ib yam hauv DNA rau Western European gene pas dej.

Tab sis cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov neeg Finnish nyob deb heev ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Yog li nws tau paub tias Russians muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog Europeans ntau dua li Finns. Feem ntau ntawm cov pej xeem Lavxias yog cov caj ces tib yam li Belarusians, Ukrainians, Poles.

Thiab txawm los ntawm daim duab, cov neeg Russians purebred txawv txawv ntawm cov Turks, los ntawm cov neeg Caucasian. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Lavxias teb sab genes predominate nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas Russia muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Ivan lub txaus ntshai.

Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais

Kev suav pej xeem zaum kawg ntawm Lavxias Federation pom tias 80% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg teb xav tias lawv tus kheej yog neeg Lavxias, thiab qhov no yog ntau dua 110,000,000 tus neeg. Lawv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow, thiab ces - nyob rau hauv lub Krasnodar Territory thiab St. Petersburg, Rostov.

Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg tias cov nroog loj tau nqus cov noob hauv Lavxias, qhov chaw uas nws tau raug puas tsuaj heev. Thiab purebred Russians nyob rau hauv Central Russia thiab nyob rau hauv Russia North. Thiab hais txog Russia North, feem ntau cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntseeg tias qhov no yog ib qho chaw cia ntawm Russians. Lub pas dej ntshiab tshaj plaws nyob ntawm no, uas tsis tau kov tau ntau pua xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Russia North, kab lis kev cai no tau hais mothballed.

Tseem, tsis ntev dhau losKev tshawb fawb ethnographic tau ua tiav. Lub concentration ntawm primordial Russians nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thaj chaw nyob rau hauv uas lub teb chaws nyob tau tsim. Cov pejxeem nyob rau thaj tsam no yog 30,000,000 tus neeg. Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam yog tus thawj coj nyob rau hauv concentration.

Leej twg hais txog

Mongolian cov cim hauv cov neeg Lavxias niaj hnub no tsuas yog 2%. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Poles thiab Czechs pom 1.5%. Heredity raws txiv neej kab pom 0.5% ntawm Mongoloid genomes. Ntawd yog, Tatar-Mongol tus quab tiag tiag tsis tau tso tseg ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv cov neeg Lavxias.

Ntau zaus cov paib no pom tsis yog los ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj, tab sis sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb. Thiab qhov no tsis yog txhua yam cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm xyoo pua 13th, tab sis nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm Russians nrog Finno-Ugric haiv neeg, nyob rau hauv uas Tatar-Mongolian nta tau sau tseg.

In medieval warfare

Qhov kev tshawb pom no ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm qhov pom tias tus quab tsis muaj nyob. Tab sis nws tsis yog. Russia yog qhov tseeb nyob ntawm Golden Horde rau lub sijhawm ntev. Kev sib xyaw yog hu ua kev rape loj ntawm cov poj niam thaum lub sij hawm ntes ntawm lub nroog, nrog rau muaj kev sib yuav ntawm cov invaders thiab conquered. Tab sis qhov no yog li cas tsov rog zoo li los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus txiv neej niaj hnub. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog, qhov tseeb yog txawv kiag li. Thiab lawv tau tshawb pom meej meej thaum kawm txog kev faus neeg ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 2005, lub burials nyob rau hauv Yaroslavl thaum lub sij hawm lub Tatar-Mongol ntxeem tau raug soj ntsuam.

Nws tau pom tias cov txiv neej Lavxias raug tua ntawm kev tiv thaiv ramparts, ntawmsab nrauv ntawm kev nyob. Thiab cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam raug tua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw nyob. Feem ntau, cov txiv neej tuag los ntawm chopping qhov txhab, thiab cov poj niam los ntawm xub. Ntau tus poj niam cov neeg sawv cev tau tuag los ntawm qhov txhab ntawm lub nraub qaum. Qhov no qhia tias lawv raug tua thaum sim khiav. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau raug tsa mus rau hmuv - cov yam ntxwv raug mob tseem nyob ntawm lawv tus txha nraub qaum.

Hauv nruab nrab ntawm Vladimir, tib neeg cov pob txha tau pom, uas tau muab pov rau hauv qhov dej thiab qhov. Cov pob txha ntawm cov txiv neej tau pom cov cim ntawm ntau qhov txhab mob hnyav, uas qhia tias cov txiv neej no tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov poj niam thiab cov me nyuam cov pob txha pob txha muaj pob txha taub hau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib sab ntawm lawv yog qhov seem ntawm cov khaub ncaws caij ntuj no, nrog rau ntau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, uas qhia tias cov neeg kov yeej tsis txaus siab rau kev txhawb nqa lossis kev sib deev pleasures. Cov tub rog ntawm Batu nrhiav kev tua cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog recalcitrant.

Muscovy

Lub genome neeg txawv teb chaws tsis tau kis ntawm cov neeg Lavxias teb sab uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib yuav. Tau ntau xyoo lawm, cov Mongols nrhiav kev ncaj qha tswj cov nroog Lavxias los ntawm kev xa Baskaks ntawm no. Lawv sau tribute thiab tuaj nrog me detachments. Tab sis qhov kev coj ua no tsis ua tiav, vim hais tias cov thawj coj tsuas yog txiav tawm cov neeg nyob hauv detachments. Lub Horde teb rau qhov no nrog rau kev tawm tsam, thaum lub sij hawm uas Lavxias teb sab chaw raug puas tsuaj dua. Assimilation yeej tsis tshwm sim.

Thiab thaum keeb kwm tig rov los thiab Muscovy twb tau pib nqus cov seem ntawm Golden Horde, cov Tatars raug kho phem heev hauv nws. Txawm hais tias lub tebchaws muaj kev coj ua zoo sib xws, cov thawj coj hauv Moscow tsis tso cai rau lawv cov qubcov yeeb ncuab nyob hauv lawv thaj chaw thiab nyob hauv cov haiv neeg. Thiab yog hais tias cov Mongol-Tatars xav nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Russia, lawv yuav tsum tau ua kev cai raus dej, linguistic assimilation. Thawj lub mosque hauv lub tebchaws tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv 1744.

Thiab tag nrho txoj cai txuas ntxiv ntawm cov thawj coj Lavxias hauv 15-16 centuries tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev uas Muscovy yog ib qho chaw tsis yooj yim heev rau cov neeg nyob hauv Horde. Cov Tatars nrhiav kev tsiv mus rau Polish-Lithuanian lub nceeg vaj. Thiab kwv yees li 200,000 tus tswv cuab qub ntawm Horde mus rau ntawd.

Hauv Moscow, tsawg kawg ntawm Tatars pib ua haujlwm. Cov no yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv, thiab lawv tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov noob caj noob ces.

Pib txij li xyoo pua 16th, kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw loj nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia tsis tshwm sim. Cov Mongol-Tatars tseem nyob nrog cov neeg nyob ze uas cov Russians tsis sib ntaus sib tua thiab tsis nrhiav kev tua ib leeg. Kev sib yuav tau tshwm sim, tab sis cov no tau raug cais tawm, thiab qhov no tsis siv rau tus quab. Qhov no kuj tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov neeg Russians purebred.

Cov paib sab nraud

Summarizing tag nrho cov sab nraud cov cim ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg, nws yog tsim nyog hais tias lawv muaj ib tug European tsos. Saum toj nruab nrab qhov siab, thiab lub teeb qhov muag - ntsuab, grey, xiav. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws nrog lub qhov muag xim av tsis tshua muaj ntau. Cov plaub hau los ntawm txhua qhov ntxoov ntxoo, los ntawm cov tshauv daj mus rau lub teeb xim av.

Slavic tsos yeej ib txwm tau qhuas los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom raws li tus qauv ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev huv. Lavxias teb sab cov poj niam nrog ib tug blond braidfeem ntau tshwm sim ntawm canvases ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam. Hom kuj tseem nrov thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, thaum cov nom tswv tawm hauv tebchaws Russia. Nws tsis yog nyuaj rau Lavxias teb sab noblewomen los ua "mannequins" nyob rau hauv lub zam lub tsev ntawm Paris. Nws paub tias Coco Chanel ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv Lavxias teb sab xwb.

Nyob zoo

Txij li thaum xyoo pua 17th anthropologists tau thov kev faib tawm raws li haiv neeg. Russians tau muab faib ua ob peb hom tsos. Rau 6 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, kev tshawb fawb loj tau ua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia. Thiab ntawm no yog cov txiaj ntsig.

Ilmensko-Belozersky hom yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov yam ntxwv, cov neeg no muaj cov lus qhia. Lawv siab tshaj qhov nruab nrab. Feem coob muaj qhov muag pom kev, nrog rau cov plaub hau.

Lavxias teb sab ntawm hom Valdai kuj muaj feem ntau lub qhov muag thiab plaub hau. Tab sis lawv lub ntsej muag dav dua.

Cov pej xeem Western Upper Volga yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov sib txawv hauv qab no. Piv nrog rau hom yav dhau los, cov neeg no muaj lub qhov ntswg ncaj, cov plaub hau tsaus. Cov hwj txwv ntawm cov txiv neej yog tuab, thiab lub ntsej muag muaj qhov pom tseeb dua. Epicanthus yog qhov tsawg heev. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm sab hnub tuaj Upper Volga hom, kev loj hlob yog qis, concavity ntawm lub qhov ntswg yog tsis tshua muaj sau tseg. Cov plaub hau feem ntau yog tsaus dua li yav dhau los hom. Hom Vyatka-Kama yog qhov muag tsaus thiab plaub hau. Qhov nruab nrab Volga hom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub ntsej muag me me, hauv cov txiv neej lub hwj txwv yog tuab. 80% muaj plaub hau tsaus nti thiab 42% muaj qhov muag pom kev.