Hauv kev lag luam kev sib raug zoo, cov neeg koom nrog tseem ceeb yog cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov tsim khoom. Lawv koom nrog hauv tus nqi tsim thiab daim ntawv muab khoom thiab xav tau. Niaj hnub nimno kev lag luam txoj kev xav xav tias tus neeg siv khoom yog qhov chaw kawg, vim tsuas yog nws tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tsim khoom, yuav lossis tsis yuav nws cov khoom. Hauv kev lag luam, txhua lub tswv yim thiab cov xwm txheej yeej ib txwm sib cuam tshuam. Txhawm rau txhais cov ntsiab lus xws li qhov tseem ceeb thiab khoom kim heev, nws tsim nyog paub tias qhov kev thov thiab elasticity yog dab tsi.
Define demand
Txoj cai ntawm kev thov yog raws li hauv qab no: tus nqi siab dua, qhov ntau dua. Kev thov qhia tias cov neeg siv khoom hnyav npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm qee tus nqi. Kev thov tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov kev thov. Qhov ntsuas no qhia tias pes tsawg tus neeg tuaj yeem yuav khoom ntawm tus nqi. Lawv muaj lub siab xav thiab txaus siab, nrog rau lub peev xwm thiab muajnyiaj yuav khoom.
Tab sis nws tsis yog qhov tseeb tias tus neeg yuav tau txais cov khoom nplua nuj uas nws xav tau. Ntau npaum li cas cov neeg siv khoom yuav tau txais nyob ntawm qee yam kev lag luam. Wb hais tias cov chaw tsim khoom tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom lag luam uas tus neeg yuav xav tau.
Cov kws tshaj lij ib leeg tawm ntawm tus kheej thiab kev xav tau dav dav. Kev thov tus kheej yog qhov kev thov rau ib qho khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom, thiab qhov kev thov dav dav yog qhov kev thov ntawm txhua tus neeg siv khoom. Economists feem ntau kawm txog qhov kev thov dav dav, vim hais tias tus neeg yog nyob ntawm tus kheej lub siab nyiam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab tsis tuaj yeem qhia meej meej tag nrho ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua lag luam. Piv txwv li, qee tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsis txaus siab rau txhua yam khoom, tab sis nws yuav xav tau hauv khw.
Txoj cai ntawm kev thov
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, muaj txoj cai thov. Cia peb rov ua dua ib zaug: thaum tus nqi nce, qhov kev thov rau cov khoom txo qis hauv qee yam. Txoj cai muaj qee qhov kev zam. Piv txwv li, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov khoom kim heev nce, muaj qee zaum nce hauv kev thov. Qhov no yog vim hais tias thaum tus nqi ntawm cov khoom nce ntxiv piv rau lwm tus nqi, tib neeg pib xav tias cov khoom no zoo dua vim tias nws raug nqi ntau dua.
Txhob los tsis ncab
Muaj ib yam li qhov elasticity ntawm kev thov. Qhov ntsuas no qhia tau hais tias nws yuav nce lossis txo qis npaum li cas raws li tus nqi ntawm tus nqi thiab tsis yog tus nqi. Peb yuav xav txog cov nyiaj tau los elasticity ntawm kev thov. Qhov taw qhia txiav txim siab seb qhov kev thov yuav hloov pauv li cas nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig hauv lub sijhawm. Cov nyiaj tau los elasticity ntawm kev thov muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
- daim ntawv zoo. Raws li cov nyiaj tau los nce, kev thov nce ntxiv. Daim ntawv ntawm elasticity no yog hais txog cov khoom xws li khoom kim heev.
- Daim ntawv tsis zoo. Qhov kev thov qis dua thaum cov nyiaj tau los nce. Daim ntawv no hais txog cov khoom tsis zoo.
- Zero form. Qhov ntim ntawm kev thov tsis nyob ntawm cov nyiaj tau los. Daim ntawv no suav nrog yam tseem ceeb.
Elasticity factor
Cov nyiaj tau los elasticity ntawm kev thov nyob ntawm ntau yam. Cov no suav nrog:
- Qhov tseem ceeb, tus nqi, qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg siv khoom. Qhov ntau qhov khoom xav tau los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, nws qhov elasticity yuav tsawg.
- Txawm tias cov khoom yuav yog cov khoom kim heev lossis cov khoom tseem ceeb.
- Ordinary demand. Thaum tus neeg tau txais kev pab nyiaj tau los nce, nws tsis tam sim ntawd yuav cov khoom kim dua.
Nws tsim nyog hais tias rau cov neeg yuav khoom nrog cov nyiaj tau los sib txawv, cov khoom qub tuaj yeem yog ob qho khoom kim heev thiab qhov tsim nyog. Nws tsim nyog muab qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov nyiaj tau los elasticity ntawm kev thov. Cov no suav nrog lub tsheb ua si Porsche. Ib tug neeg tuaj yeem yuav lub tsheb tshiab kim vim nws cov nyiaj tau los tau nce. Zaub mov nrog cereals thiab bran. Cov qhob cij zoo li no kim dua li cov qhob cij zoo tib yam, tab sis kuj muaj kev noj qab haus huv. Ib tug neeg kuj muaj peev xwm them taus nws nrog nce nyiaj tau los. Xuas tes ua xab npum. Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem hloov qhov qub analoguecov khoom txhua hnub kom zoo dua thiab kim dua, raws li nws cov nyiaj tau los tso cai. kim thiab zoo roj av. Tus neeg yuav khoom muaj cai yuav cov roj av zoo dua kom ntev lub neej ntawm lub tsheb rau tib lub laj thawj - nce nyiaj tau los.
YElasticity coefficient
ntsuas qhov elasticity ntawm kev thov, muaj cov nyiaj tau los elasticity coefficient. Economists tau txhais ib tug qauv uas nws yuav xam tau tias:
E=Q1:Q/I1:I
qhov twg:
I - nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom;
Q yog ntim ntawm cov khoom.
Tus nqi ntawm tus coefficient yog txiav txim los ntawm hom khoom.
Yam koj xav tau
Muaj ntau hom khoom: zoo tib yam thiab qis dua. Ordinary (ib txwm) - cov khoom, qhov kev thov uas nce nrog cov nyiaj tau los. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv muab faib ua ob hom: khoom kim heev, khoom siv (uas yog siv ntau dua thiab siv txhua hnub, piv txwv li, tshuaj txhuam hniav). Qhov elasticity ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom sib xws yog tsawg dua ib qho, vim tias cov nyiaj tau los nce, cov neeg siv khoom nrhiav kev yuav khoom tsawg dua.
khoom kim heev yog cov khoom uas tsis yog txhua tus muaj peev xwm them taus. Cov neeg yuav khoom tsawg dua. Tsheb yog ib yam khoom kim heev. Cov khoom tseem ceeb muaj qhov txwv saturation. Piv txwv li, xab npum. Cov neeg yuav khoom ntau npaum li lawv tuaj yeem noj. Txawm yuav siv xab npum npaum li cas los yeej yuav tsum tau.
Nyob zoo siab
khoom kim heev - yam khoom lossis cov khoom uas tsis cuam tshuam nrog qhov pibcov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Tib neeg tuaj yeem nyob tsis muaj lawv. Lub coefficient ntawm elasticity ntawm cov khoom kim heev yog siab dua kev sib sau. Ua kom cov neeg siv khoom tau nyiaj tau los thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom kim heev. Qhov kev thov rau cov khoom kim heev tshwm sim tsuas yog thaum cov neeg siv khoom nce mus txog qee theem ntawm cov nyiaj tau los. Cov neeg ua ntej yuav cov khoom muaj sia nyob, thiab tom qab ntawd xav txog "cov khoom ntau dhau".
Cov neeg mob yuav tsis txo lawv cov naj npawb mus ntsib kws kho mob, txawm tias tus nqi kho mob nce ntxiv. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev nce nqi ntawm yacht ua rau txo qis hauv kev thov. Dab tsi yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim no? Yog vim li cas yog tias ntau tus neeg siv khoom xav txog kev mus ntsib kws kho mob yog qhov tsim nyog thiab yuav lub yacht ib qho khoom kim heev. Lub zog ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm cov neeg siv khoom pab cov kws lag luam txiav txim siab seb hom twg los faib cov khoom hauv. Rau tus neeg uas nyiam dej hiav txwv thiab noj qab nyob zoo, lub yacht tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tsim nyog thiab mus rau tus kws kho mob khoom kim heev.
Txhua tus neeg yuav paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov khoom plig ntawm tus cwj mem los ntawm ib txwm muaj. Qhov txawv ntawm lawv yog dab tsi? Cov khoom plig version muaj tus cwj mem ci dua, lub hauv paus zoo dua thiab lub cev zoo nkauj dua. Nws yog yooj yim dua los tuav xws li ib tug kov, nws yuav tsis plam tawm thiab zoo li ruaj. Cov cwj mem khoom plig zoo li no feem ntau tau ntim rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas tsis xav tau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Qhov ntawd yog, koj yuav ib yam khoom uas koj yuav tsis siv tom qab. Xws li tus cwj mem kim muaj koob npe, tab sis tsis ua haujlwm zoo.
Cov khoom qis dua - cov khoom qiszoo. Qhov kev thov rau cov khoom zoo li no poob qis. Lawv raug hloov nrog cov zoo dua. Cov no suav nrog cov khoom noj thib ob, khaub ncaws thib ob.
Zoo kawg
Lub teb chaws uas tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb (cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb, mining, hluav taws xob) hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tsis zoo dua li cov teb chaws uas tsim cov khoom kim heev sab hauv, tsheb, khoom siv. Raws li cov nyiaj tau los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom nce siab, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb poob qis dua tus nqi ntawm cov khoom kim heev. Nov yog ib qho laj thawj rau kev faib nyiaj txiag hauv ntiaj teb.
