Ua tsaug rau qhov muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm Russia (thaum lub sijhawm USSR), ntau lab tus tib neeg tau txais kev cawmdim thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj. Tib lub xeev cov txheej txheem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj hluav taws kub nyhiab ntawm Chernobyl nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, uas tau tawg thaum ntxov ntawm lub Plaub Hlis hnub tsis zoo nyob rau xyoo 1986, thiab cawm Ukraine, Belarus thiab ib feem ntawm Tebchaws Europe los ntawm kev tawg nuclear.
Reserves of Ancient Russia thiab Tsarist Russia
Nyob rau hauv USSR lawv tso dag hais tias qhov xwm txheej ceev yuav tsum muab cov pej xeem nrog txhua yam tsim nyog rau kaum xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov rog nuclear. Txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub xeev inviolable cia tau pib nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Ancient Russia, thaum khoom noj khoom haus tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv loj heev uninhabited thaj chaw - nyob rau hauv monasteries. Cov ntaub ntawv tau los rau peb txog Solovetsky Monastery, uas cov khoom noj khoom haus yuav txaus rau ntau xyoo. Lub monastery, los ntawm txoj kev, muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no, nws yog nyob rau ntawm Solovetsky Islands (cov no yog cov tsis muaj npe nrov Solovki) nyob rau hauv Bely.hav.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov khoom noj ntawm cov qhob cij (grain) thiab ntsev tau ua hauv tsarist Russia, xyoo 1913 qee cov nplej thiab hmoov nplej tau ntxiv rau hauv cov npe khoom. Thaum lub sij hawm lub kaum hli ntuj socialist thiab lub ob hlis ntuj bourgeois kiv puag ncig, lub xeev reserves tau khiav tawm, raws li xav, tab sis thawj Soviet tsoom fwv twb nyob rau hauv 1926 pib tsim ib tug reserve fund, uas yog tswj nyob rau hauv lub xeev siab tshaj.
keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm Soviet lub xeev cia
Qhov tseeb, NZ hauv USSR tau tshwm sim xyoo 1931, thaum Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tau tsim, thiab V. V. Kuibyshev tau tsa nws lub taub hau. Txij thaum ntawd los, tag nrho cov khoom noj thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev tau raug tswj los ntawm ib qho piv txwv, thiab tsis yog los ntawm cov koom haum, cov koom haum thiab cov lag luam. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim lub xeev reserves tau kos rau xyoo 1939. Cov qauv ntawm lub xeev reserves feem ntau tau khaws cia rau hnub no.
Kev ceev ceev hauv lub xyoo ua ntej thiab tom qab tsov rog
Cia qhib lub bins ntawm peb Niam. Qhov xwm txheej ua ntej ua tsov rog yuav tsum tau nce hauv NZ. Tam sim no qhov xwm txheej ceev tau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam. Nyob rau theem no, nws tsis yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho kev txhawb nqa rau cov tub rog, zoo li yav dhau los. Txij li xyoo 1939, cov khoom lag luam xwm txheej ceev uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tau raug tso tseg. Nws muaj cov khoom lag luam thiab cov khoom siv rau riam phom thiab khoom siv tub rog, khoom noj, roj, tsev neeg thiab kev kho mob (cov ntaub ntawv hnav khaub ncaws, tshuaj) khoom.
Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, nws yog qhov xwm txheej ceev tsim los pab tsim kom muaj kev poob loj ntawm Soviet Union thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj. Contradictory raws li nws yuav zoo li, tab sis nyob rau lub sij hawm no lub reserves ntawm lub USSR tsis tsuas yog tsis txo, tab sis yuav luag ob npaug rau tin, txhuas, npib tsib xee, zinc, qhob cij thiab kaus poom nqaij. Tom qab kev yeej loj, kev sim tau rov ua dua los kho lub xeev cov txheej txheem cia, tab sis qhov tseeb qhov no tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm xyoo 1960.
NZ hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum
Hauv xyoo 1990, Kev Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Kub Kub Kub tau tsim. Cov qauv tsim los tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm lub xeev khaws cia, suav nrog zaub mov, kho mob, nyiaj txiag, khoom siv thiab cov khoom lag luam.
Lub kaw lus tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais thiab nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb tam sim ntawd thaum muaj xwm txheej xwm txheej ceev: kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim, kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg, kev ua tub rog ntawm lwm lub xeev tawm tsam Russia thiab lwm yam xwm txheej thoob ntiaj teb. Kev khaws cia ntawm qhov xwm txheej ceev yog ua los ntawm peb tus kheej cov lag luam ntawm lub xeev cia lossis ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus nyob hauv txhua cheeb tsam ntawm Russia.
Ntawm lub xeev cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia
Lub sijhawm muaj xwm txheej ceev tam sim no (nws tsim, khaws cia thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg) yog tswj hwm los ntawm 1994 Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai "Rau Lub Xeev Cov Khoom Siv".
Cov ntaub ntawvpom tias lub xeev cia nyob rau hauv Russia yog npaj rau:
- ua kom muaj kev tshem tawm sai sai ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim thiab kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg;
- muab kev pabcuam tib neeg raws sijhawm thiab kev txhawb nqa hauv lub xeev rau cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam thiab cov koom haum hauv tebchaws Russia: lawv cov neeg nyob hauv, cov tuam txhab, cov koomhaum thiab cov koomhaum;
- muab kev tswj hwm cuam tshuam rau kev ua lag luam thaum muaj teebmeem kev lag luam lossis lub zog;
- ntsib Russia cov kev xav tau thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
qauv ntawm Russia qhov xwm txheej ceev
Xyoo 2006, nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm xya caum-tsib hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev cov txheej txheem khaws cia, tsoomfwv cov kev pabcuam me ntsis nqa daim ntaub thaiv kev nruj tshaj plaws thiab tso cai rau ib feem me me ntawm cov neeg sau xov xwm rau Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Reserve. Hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb "Inviolable Reserve" me me ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv zais cia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias Federation tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem.
Yog li, nws paub tias tam sim no lub xeev cia muaj txog 10 txhiab yam khoom noj, khoom siv kho mob, khoom siv tub rog thiab khoom lag luam. Muaj pes tsawg tus tshwj xeeb reserves nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, tsuas yog ob tug neeg paub: Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub Rosrezerv qauv. Qhov kawg, los ntawm txoj kev, tau lees paub tias cov nyiaj khaws cia yuav txaus los muab rau tag nrho cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias Federation thaum peb lub hlis ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Tau kawg, peb tab tom tham feem ntau txog zaub mov. Cov tshuaj, hnav khaub ncaws, khoom siv, khaub ncaws thiab roj khaws cia ntev dua.
Ntxiv rau cov khoom tseem ceeb, NZ qauv suav nrog ntau lub koom haum: Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Tsev Haujlwm, Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb, Tsev Kawm Qib Siab Polytechnic thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv thiab Computer Center.
Cov khoom khaws cia tsis yog cov khoom lag luam ntev ntev, tab sis txawm tias cov xov thiab cov koob, cov npe tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj, hnav khaub ncaws, khaub ncaws thiab ntaub, cov khoom siv raw, tshuab, roj, thiab txawm tias rhuav tshem cov kev tsheb ciav hlau hla tus dej loj. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm NZ yog zaub mov, yog li cov khoom lag luam tau hloov kho txhua xyoo lossis ob xyoos, qhov seem (hlau, khoom siv, khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam) - txhua 15 xyoo.
Localization thiab equipping ntawm Rosrezerv chaw cia
Kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom lag luam xwm txheej ceev yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txwv nruj tshaj plaws. Txhua lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau nruab nrog lub twj tso kua mis muaj zog thaum dej nyab nrog dej hauv av, nrog rau yuav luag ib nrab ntawm lub qhov rooj hlau.
Cov chav no, uas nyob tsawg kawg yog 150 meters hauv av, muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov tawg tawg lossis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim. Nws ntseeg tau tias cov vaults nyob deb ntawm qhov chaw nyob, tab sis qhov tseeb hauv zos tsuas yog paub rau ob tus neeg saum toj no.
State reserves of other states
Nws paub tias qhov xwm txheej ceev ntawm Russia tau siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag peb caug qhov haujlwm ntawm Ministry of Emergency Situations ntawm Lavxias Federation thiab ua kom muaj kev pabcuam raws sijhawm ntawm kev pabcuam tib neeg rau nees nkaum lub tebchaws. Los ntawm txoj kev, txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws kuj them zoo mloog mus rau lub tsim ntawm reserves. Qhov ntawd yog nwscov ntaub ntawv hais tias cov khoom noj khoom haus uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm Tebchaws Meskas yuav kav tau ob xyoos ua tsov rog.
Rosrezerv cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua qee cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev ceev ceev nrog cov npoj yaig los ntawm CIS lub teb chaws thiab Europe, sib koom kev txhim kho thiab sib tham txog cov teeb meem thoob ntiaj teb. Kev koom tes muab lub sijhawm los ua kev sib koom tes thiab nrawm nrawm thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thoob ntiaj teb.
