Parabellum cartridge tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1902 los ntawm German tus tsim qauv Georg Luther, pib tsim tawm xyoo 1903, thiab ib xyoos tom qab tau txais los ntawm German Navy. Lub 9x19 Parabellum cartridge muaj lub npe thib ob P.08, txij li thaum nws tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog German hauv xyoo 1908. Nrog rau ntau qhov kev hloov kho, kev loj hlob ntawm 1902 yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tam sim no.
History of Creation
Ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm Parabellum cartridge, 7.62 mm cartridge yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws hauv cov tub rog, tab sis nws lub zog nres tsis txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj kev tsov rog hauv zos hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Africa thiab thaum muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv Suav teb (1899-1901). Cov cartridge tshiab tau txais kev pabcuam muaj lub plhaub nrog cov hlau lead, lub taub hau yog lub khob hliav qab. Tab sis ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv xyoo 1917, lub taub hau ntawm daim cartridge tau pib ua kom muaj zog.
Kev faib tawm, cov cim loj thiab lawv cov laj thawj
Tam sim no, cov cartridges yog siv los ntawm tub ceev xwm, tub ceev xwm, tub rogcov tub rog tshwj xeeb thiab cov neeg zoo tib yam hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Parabellum cartridge yog nyob rau hauv kev pabcuam nrog feem ntau NATO cov tswvcuab hauv lub xeev, txij li xyoo 1985 nws tau txais kev pabcuam hauv Tebchaws Meskas raws li M9 rab yaj phom. Nyob rau hauv 2003, variants ntawm lub Parabellum 9 19 cartridge tau txais los siv los ntawm Armed Forces ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. rab yaj phom nyob rau hauv qhov kev hloov kho tau tsim yog hu ua PYa (Yarygin Pistol), qhov thib ob - GSh-18, tsim los ntawm Gyazev thiab Shipunov. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm kev hloov kho Lavxias teb sab kev loj hlob yog ib tug hardened steel core uas yuav tiv taus kub. Vim li no, ntau lub siab nyob rau hauv lub thoob tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv lub chim ntawm rab yaj phom, uas ua rau kom lub davhlau ceev, nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim thiab nres cov nyhuv ntawm cov mos txwv.
Qhov koob meej ntawm daim cartridge yog qhov tsis ntseeg vim nws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim. Lub sijhawm ntawd, thaum lub 7.62 hli cartridges pib qhia lawv tus kheej tsis zoo thiab pom ntau yam tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov mos txwv tshiab tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nrog me me qhov ntev, lub cartridge muaj zoo heev ballistics, lub zog thiab muzzle tshaj tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov txo qhov loj me, riam phom nruab nrog cov cartridge no muaj peev xwm siv hluav taws kub ceev, muaj peev xwm loj vim lawv qhov me me thiab tsis muaj zog rov qab thaum tua, uas, feem ntau, yog qhov zoo dua.
Vim tias daim cartridge tau siv dav hauv cov pej xeem pej xeem, nws muaj tus nqi qis. Nws tuaj yeem siv tsis tautsuas yog ncaj qha hauv kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag, tab sis kuj tseem nyob rau hauv kev cob qhia qhov chaw hauv qhov chaw tua lossis hauv chaw cob qhia.
Ntau yam
Hauv kev ua tub rog, nws yog ib txwm ua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hauv qab no ntawm 9 hli Parabellum cartridges:
- lead core;
- steel core;
- nrog cov mos txwv nkag siab;
- nrog lub zog nres siab;
- nrog cov mos txwv tsis tshua muaj;
- pistol 9mm rau tub ceev xwm;
- nrog cov mos txwv txo qis;
- nrog cov mos txwv muaj riam phom ntxiv;
- kev cob qhia cartridge 9x18.
Yog tias qhov peculiarity ntawm cov qauv nrog cov hlau lead thiab steel core nyob rau hauv lub npe nws tus kheej, ces nws yog tsim nyog nyob rau hauv ib tug cartridge nrog ib tug mos txwv nrog nce nkag. Russia tau ua tiav ntau tshaj plaws hauv nws cov creation. Kev txhim kho tau pib vim qhov tseeb tias cov qauv ua ntej ntawm riam phom ua haujlwm hauv qab 7.62 hli cartridge thiab tau dhau los. Nyob rau xyoo 1970s, lub tshuab luam ntawv siab tshaj plaws tau tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm KGB. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov tub ntxhais, nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav qhov kev nkag siab siab, cov mos txwv tuaj yeem dhau los ntawm lub cev armor. Qhov nrov tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab hom ntawm no ntau yam yog: PBM, RG 028 thiab 9 PP. Qhov tseeb nruab nrog rab yaj phom Makarov (PMM) nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1980s.
Lub 9 hli rab yaj phom cartridge rau tub ceev xwm (PPO) hauv Russia tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 2004 los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem siv cov mos txwv tub rogqauv nrog ib tug hlau core nyob rau hauv nroog ib puag ncig. Cov cartridge yav dhau los muaj lub siab ricochet, yog li lub plhaub bimetallic nrog lub khob hliav qab, lub taub hau thiab lub taub hau sib npaug tau tsim rau cov qauv tshiab. Serial ntau lawm pib xyoo 2005 ntawm Tula Cartridge Cog.
9 hli ammo firms
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm 9mm Parabellum cartridge: Speer Gold Dot, Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Hydra Shock, Winchester + P + Ranger Talon JHP (USA). Tab sis feem ntau hauv qee lub xeev ntawm Asmeskas lawv hloov mus rau qhov tsis tshua muaj neeg nyiam, tab sis cov mos txwv lub teeb vim qhov nrawm nrawm. Piv txwv li, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm Chicago tau siv 8g kev hloov kho, tsis yog 9.7g nws tau siv ib zaug, tom qab ntau qhov ua tsis tiav thaum lub sijhawm ntes cov neeg ua phem. Cov cartridge hnyav dua muaj qhov pib qis qis qis, uas ua rau cov nyhuv nres. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim hauv nroog Orlando: qhov no qhia tau tias nws tsis tas yuav tsum siv cov npe nrov ntawm 9x19 Parabellum cartridges, vim tias lawv tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm qis dua rau cov neeg paub tsawg dua.
riam phom tsim rau daim cartridge
Daim cartridge rau Parabellum (ib rab phom German ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th) yog ib qho ntawm thawj tsim thiab tau txais los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Wilhelm II. Feem ntau ntawm cov riam phom thaum lub sij hawm ntawd tau ua nyob rau hauv 7.62 hli caliber, yog li tus tshiab rab yaj phom yooj yim outperformed nws cov neeg sib tw nyob rau hauv kev sib tw rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tub rog tus kheej-loading rab yaj phom ntawm Kaiser pab tub rog.
Kev ntseeg siab thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm rab yaj phom ua tsaug rau daim cartridge tshiab sai sai hloov nws mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plawsriam phom luv luv rau ob qho tib si tiv thaiv thiab ua phem.
Tus naj npawb ntawm kev siv qeeb yog tsawg heev. Cov phom yog qhov txawv ntawm lwm tus hauv nws qhov kev teeb tsa. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qauv no tsis yog yam tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo: qhov kev sib kis loj heev vim yog qhov qhib qhov qhib thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tsim khoom, uas ua rau tus nqi siab. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1942, kev txhim kho tshiab tau tshwm sim - R.38, tab sis cov qauv qub tseem cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntev. P.38 tau dhau los ua riam phom tiag tiag, qhov txawv ntawm nws txoj kev tuav tau yooj yim, aiming thiab haum cov ntsiab lus.
Hnub no, cov npe hauv qab no tshwm sim hauv khw muag phom nrog 9 hli caliber mos txwv: CZ 75 SP-01 (Czech koom pheej), EAA Tus Timkhawv Elite Match (Ltalis), W alther PPQ (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees), Springfield XD m 4.5 (Croatia), W alther P99 AS (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees), Baby Eagle II BE9915R (Israel), Beretta 92FS (Ltalis) thiab lwm yam qauv tsis tshua paub los ntawm Western Europe.
Kev nce qib hauv kev tsim khoom
Lub sijhawm tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab tsis ntev los no tag nrho cov cim tshiab ntawm cov cartridges tau tshwm sim hauv kev ua lag luam, uas tib lub sijhawm muaj qhov hnyav hnyav thiab ua kom pom kev ua haujlwm siab. Cov cartridges ua hauv ntu no yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom lag luam xws li Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws HST, CCI Speer Gold Dot thiab Winchester Ranger. Lawv cov mos txwv tuaj yeem nthuav dav txawm tias qhov nrawm nrawm.
Cov cartridges niaj hnub no muaj zog ntau dua li qub thiab siab dua nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm lub thoob vim qhov zoo li hauv paustshiab hom hlau thiab phom phom. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov txheej txheem SAAMI thiab CIP txwv uas tsis tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim cartridge los txhim kho rau qee qhov txiaj ntsig. Tias yog vim li cas cov neeg tsim tawm mus rau ntau yam kev dag ntxias, piv txwv li, hloov tus cwj pwm ntawm cov mos txwv ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg ballistics.
Kev puas tsuaj
Qhov kev txhim kho tshiab kawg yuav ua tau zoo dua lawv cov neeg ua ntej hauv qhov pib nrawm thiab qhib zoo, tab sis lawv yeej tsis muaj qhov zoo dua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov yeeb ncuab. Raws li kev puas tsuaj los ntawm 9 hli cartridge ntawm kev txhim kho ua ntej, cov kws kho mob txawm tuaj nrog lub npe - "soaked nqaij" - thaum thaj chaw uas cov mos txwv tsoo zoo li cov nqaij minced.
Ntxhais lus tseeb rau kev siv dav dav
Hauv xyoo 1950, Leslie Koffelt, tus tub ceev xwm Asmeskas kev txawj ntse, raug tua los ntawm Luger rab yaj phom chambered hauv Parabellum. Tus neeg sawv cev tau ua haujlwm thiab yog tus neeg raug tsim txom los ntawm kev sim tua neeg Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm Harry Truman. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov tshwj xeeb uas nws yog thawj zaug uas tus tswv cuab ntawm qhov kev pabcuam zais cia raug tua nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm. Cov phom tseem nyob hauv Truman Tsev khaws puav pheej.
Lwm daim ntawv luam ntawm Luger yog nyob rau hauv kev sau nyiaj ntawm riam phom ntawm Central Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Cov Tub Rog ntawm Russia, ua khoom plig los ntawm L. I. Brezhnev los ntawm Mauser Company
Lavrenty Beria raug tua hauv pliaj los ntawm kev pabcuam Parabellum.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 2,818,000 R.08 rab yaj phom tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas yog me ntsis ntau tshaj li revolvers nyob rau hauv Tsarist Russia thiab lub USSR - 2,600,000 daim.
