Ib tsob ntoo txawv rau tsob ntoo - thiab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tsos (txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj), tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm ntoo. Feem ntau, cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tau daws nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw ntsuab yog qhov ua tau zoo dua thiab ruaj khov. Oak boards, ntoo thuv, linden - tag nrho cov ntoo no paub zoo rau peb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv teb chaws sov America, balsa yog nrov tshaj plaws. Nws yog tsob ntoo lightest nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.
Balsa ntoo
Balsa yog tsob ntoo deciduous los ntawm teb chaws sov America. Nws muaj xim ntoo zoo nkauj heev. Nws yog xyaum dawb, nrog yellowish los yog pinkish tints. Balsa tau raug suav hais tias yog tsob ntoo lightest hauv ntiaj teb, vim tias nws qhov ntom ntom tsis ntau tshaj 160 kilograms ib cubic meter. Kev sib piv: qhov ceev ntawm ntoo thuv yog 520, ntoo qhib yog 760, linden yog 550.
Lwm yam cuab yeej tseem ceeb ntawm tsob ntoo no yog thaum nws thawj zaug txiav, ntoo muaj 90 feem pua ntawm cov dej noo. Dej sai sai qhuav nyob rau hauv lub hnub thiab cua, tab sis lub cev thiab ceg tsis uatig mus rau hauv plua plav (piv txwv li, hauv baobab), tab sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv tau txais lub zog tsim nyog. Nws yog cov cuab yeej no uas ua rau balsa ntoo txaus nyiam rau kev siv. Nws cov ntaub ntawv yog lub teeb yuag thiab muaj lub suab zoo thiab kev co absorbing zog.
Cov ntaub ntawv balsa siv ntau zaus nyob qhov twg?
tsob ntoo balsa yog dab tsi, peb tau txiav txim siab. Tam sim no peb yuav pom qhov twg cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm nws feem ntau siv. Balsa yog nrov heev ntawm aircraft modellers. Thiab qhov no yog to taub. Txawm hais tias koj piv balsa nrog carbon fiber, tsob ntoo yeej nyiam. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev rau txheej txheem, nws cov nqi qis heev. Balsa kuj muaj kev kho zoo heev.
Yog cov ntoo raug saws kom raug, ces nws, nplaum ua ke, yuav kav tau ntau xyoo, tseem muaj zog thiab txhim khu kev qha thaum lub sijhawm txiav. Qhov nthuav yog tias thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam, cov loads yog absorbed los ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej. Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev hauv aeromodelling. Nuv ntses tackle yog zoo heev los ntawm tsob ntoo no. Balsa ntoo feem ntau yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej cawm dej.
Nyob ntawm tsob ntoo balsa
Raws li peb tau kawm, balsa yog qhov xav tau zoo hauv kev lag luam. Tam sim no nws yog lub sij hawm mus nrhiav seb nws tuaj qhov twg. tsob ntoo balsa hlob nyob qhov twg? Qhov chaw yug ntawm tsob ntoo tshwj xeeb no yog suav tias yog ib feem ntawm equatorial ntawm South America. Koj tuaj yeem pom balsa hauv Indonesia, Brazil, Thaib, Colombia, Peru, Mexico thiab ntau lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj coj hauv daim ntawv teev npe no yog Ecuador - nws tau txiav txim siabtus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm balsa ntoo (tshaj 95% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim).
Kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev muag khoom coj tau nyiaj ntau. Cov khoom siv ntoo yog yuav los ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim kho thiab cov khw muag khoom mus ncig. Lawv ua txhua yam ua tau los ntawm balsa - los ntawm cov khoom plig yooj yim thiab ruaj khov mus rau cov kws tshaj lij surfboards.
kev loj hlob thiab tawg paj
Nws kuj tseem ceeb tias balsa yog tsob ntoo loj hlob sai. Tsuas yog 10 xyoo, feem ntau 15 xyoo, tsob ntoo balsa loj hlob mus txog 30 meters hauv qhov siab. Lub neej expectancy ntawm tsob nroj ntsuab nws tus kheej yog tsis ntau tshaj 30 los yog 40 xyoo. Balsa blooms zoo nkauj heev - thawj buds tshwm rau nws tsuas yog tom qab peb xyoos ntawm lub neej. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab lub caij los nag thaum ntoo tau txais dej txaus.
Tsis zoo li ntau cov nroj tsuag, cov paj ntawm tsob ntoo no pib qhib lawv cov nplooj nyob rau yav tav su. Koj tuaj yeem qhuas cov buds qhib tsuas yog thaum tsaus ntuj - thaum sawv ntxov lawv yuav kaw dua. Nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj uas pollination tshwm sim - kab zoo siab mus txog rau ib tug sweetish aroma. Feem ntau, paj ntoos yog nqa los ntawm puav, olingo, kinkajou. Thaum nruab hnub, pollination tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm liab. Kov lub buds, lawv willy-nilly khob tawm paj ntoos los ntawm lawv.
siv tsev
Balsa ntoo yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim heev rau txheej txheem. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tsuas yog xav tau ib daim nyias nyias nrog lub kaum ntse ntse me me. Tab sis cov xim ntawm balsa yog xyaum tsis haum rau - zoo duatsuas yog siv cov xim dyes uas sai sai nqus rau hauv ntoo. Tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob siv cov kua roj vanish thiab oily. Lawv yuav tsis lo ntoo.
Qhov zoo ntawm balsa tau pom los ntawm Incas thaum ub. Nws yog lawv cov uas pib carve canoes los ntawm ntoo thiab ua lub teeb thiab ruaj khov rafts. Ntoo yog suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev txhuam hniav rau kev sau ntawv. Tab sis hauv kev tsim nkoj, balsa ntoo yog siv los tsim cov decks thiab sab rau kev lom zem me me (feem ntau tsis pub tshaj 30 meters ntev, qhov loj ntawm tsob ntoo neeg laus). Balsa kuj tseem siv los ua cov hniav rau cua turbines. Tej zaum yuav nyuaj los nrog cov khoom siv yooj yim dua thiab hnav.
Npaj qhov tseeb
Hare lossis wool ntoo, paj rwb yog tag nrho cov ntoo balsa, cov lus piav qhia uas yuav ua tsis tiav yam tsis tau hais txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ua tsaug rau lawv, nws tau txais cov npe zoo li no. Balsa txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog thawv 30 cm ntev. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau reddish silky fibers nyob rau hauv uas cov noob tau muab zais. Thaum maturation tshwm sim, cov pods tawg thiab nthuav tawm lawv "sab hauv". Fluffy txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua zoo ib yam li hare's ko taw los yog sov pieces ntawm woolen plaid. Yog li cov npe zoo li no.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias xyoo dhau los, balsa thiab paj rwb tau muab cais ua tib hom. Ib lub cav ntoo no tuaj yeem nqa tau yooj yim los ntawm ib tus neeg. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsob ntoo tsis muaj kev loj hlob rings, vim nws loj hlob tsis tu ncua. Thiab ib qho ntxiv: nws yog los ntawm tsob ntoo no uas cov lus dab neeg"Kon-Tiki", lub nkoj ntawm cov neeg taug kev thiab archaeologist Thor Heyerdahl. Thiab rau kev sib piv: balsa ntoo yog 7 lub sij hawm sib zog dua lwm cov ntoo, 9 lub sij hawm sib zog dua dej.
