Golubkina Anna: biography, duab thiab duab puab

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Golubkina Anna: biography, duab thiab duab puab
Golubkina Anna: biography, duab thiab duab puab

Video: Golubkina Anna: biography, duab thiab duab puab

Video: Golubkina Anna: biography, duab thiab duab puab
Video: АРТ Воскресенье #11 - «Роден в юбке. Анна Голубкина» 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Lub Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj Txiag ntawm Russia tau muab ntau tus kws sau paj huam zoo, nrog rau tsis muaj tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws kos duab zoo nkauj thiab cov kws kos duab. Ib qho ntawm cov no yog Anna Golubkina, yog ib tus thawj coj zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm no hauv ntiaj teb kos duab. Cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm tus kws kos duab Auguste Rodin no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm impressionism, tab sis lawv tsis tau tig los ua tus kheej txaus, uas yog, lawv tsis txwv tus tswv rau ib puag ncig nqaim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yas. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Anna Semenovna Golubkina, kev sib raug zoo coloring thiab sib sib zog nqus kev puas siab ntsws, ua yeeb yam, sketchiness, nta ntawm symbolism, internal dynamics, avid nyiam nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg thiab inconsistencies nyob rau hauv nws lub ntiaj teb sab hauv yog pom tseeb..

Poj niam sculptor

Nws tsis yog ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb uas tus poj niam no muaj npe nrov. Qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias Anna Golubkina tau tswj hwm los ua tus kws kos duab zoo. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 nws nyuaj heev rau cov poj niam kom txawj xws li ib tug profession.

Anna Golubkina
Anna Golubkina

Nco ntsoov txoj kev nyuaj ntawm tus kws kos duab ntawm tiamAnna Golubkina - Elizaveta Martynova (uas tau ua rau "Tus Poj Niam hauv Xiav"), uas tau nkag mus rau Art Academy thawj xyoo thaum kev sib deev ncaj ncees tau tso cai ua qhov no. Xyoo ntawd muaj txog kaum kaum tus tub ntxhais kawm, tab sis cov kws qhia ntawv saib lawv nrog kev tsis ntseeg. Anna Golubkina kawm ntawm no Academy tsis yog ib tug neeg pleev kob, tab sis raws li ib tug sculptor, thiab qhov no yog xam tau tias nyob deb ntawm ib tug poj niam txoj hauj lwm.

Ntxhais hmoob

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub hauv paus chiv keeb tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: tus ntxhais yawg, Tus Ntseeg Qub, lub taub hau ntawm sab ntsuj plig Zaraisk zej zog, Polikarp Sidorovich, txhiv nws tus kheej los ntawm kev ua qhev. Tus txiv neej no tsa Anna Semyonovna Golubkina, uas nws txiv tuag ntxov dhau lawm. Anna tsev neeg tau koom nrog kev cog qoob loo ntawm vaj thiab zaub zaub, thiab tseem khaws ib lub tsev so, tab sis tsuas muaj nyiaj txaus rau kev kawm ntawm Semyon tus tij laug. Cov menyuam yaus hauv tsev neeg, suav nrog tus kws kos duab yav tom ntej Anna Golubkina, tau qhia tus kheej.

pib ua haujlwm

Tom qab tus neeg ua teb tso nws haiv neeg Zaraysk, nws tau mus kov yeej Moscow. Thaum ntawd, Anna twb muaj 25 xyoo lawm. Tus ntxhais tau npaj siab kawm txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tua, nrog rau kev pleev xim rau ntawm cov plooj (porcelain), kev cob qhia uas tau tshwm sim hauv Chav Kawm tshwj xeeb ntawm Fine Art, uas nyuam qhuav tau nruab los ntawm Anatoly Gunst. Lawv tsis xav coj Golubkina, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib hmo nws fashioned ib tug figurine, uas tau muab lub npe "Tswv Qub Poj Niam". Tom qab cov duab puab no, Anna Golubkina tau txais mus kawm ntawv.

Golubkina txoj haujlwm
Golubkina txoj haujlwm

thawj zaug mus rau Fabkis lub peev

Kev cob qhia tau zoo thaum xub thawj. Ib xyoos tom qab tus ntxhaispauv mus rau Moscow Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Painting, qhov twg sculpture thiab architecture twb kawm. Ntawm no Anna kawm ntxiv peb xyoos. Thaum kawg, tus ntxhais tau mus txog qhov kawg: nws tau txais lub sijhawm los kawm kos duab ntawm St. Petersburg Academy.

Txawm li cas los xij, Anna Golubkina siv sijhawm li ob peb lub hlis hauv nws phab ntsa, tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1895, nrhiav lub hom phiaj tshiab, nws tau tsiv mus kawm Fabkis hauv Paris. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv ib lub nroog nyob sab Europe, cov poj niam-cov kws kos duab kuj raug kho tsis zoo: ib qho xav tau tsuas yog nco qab txog li cas Maria Bashkirtseva tau piav qhia cov kws qhia ntawv Fabkis txoj hauv nws phau ntawv teev npe.

Ntawm no Golubkina kuj tau muab los ua kev kos duab salon, tab sis qhov no tsis haum rau nws tus cwj pwm. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov teeb meem. Txawm hais tias tus poj niam cov phooj ywg thiab nws cov memoirists nyob ntsiag to txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib koom siab, qee qhov kev zais ntawm Anna Semyonovna Golubkina tsis ntev los no tau nthuav tawm. Hauv Fab Kis, nws tau mob hnyav. Thaj, kev hlub tsis zoo siab tau cuam tshuam. Muaj lus xaiv hais tias Anna tau ntsib nrog qee tus kws kos duab Fab Kis hauv Paris. Thaum Golubkina hla 30-xyoo cim hauv nws lub neej, nws ob zaug xav tua tus kheej: ua ntej, tus ntxhais tau muab nws tus kheej tso rau hauv Seine, thiab tom qab ntawd sim tshuaj lom nws tus kheej. Ib tug neeg paub zoo, Elizaveta Kruglikova, uas tseem nyob hauv Paris xyoo ntawd, coj tus poj niam tsis muaj hmoo mus tsev. Nyob rau hauv Russia lub peev, Golubkina, thaum tuaj txog, mus rau lub tsev kho mob puas siab puas ntsws ntawm lub npe nrov Korsakov. Nws yog lub sijhawm tsis txaus siab tshaj plaws hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Anna Golubkina.

Sculpture ntawm Anna Golubkina
Sculpture ntawm Anna Golubkina

Anna's recovery

Tus xibfwb kho tus poj niam ob peb hlis xwb. Nws yog tseeb hais tias kev kho ntawm tus sculptor Anna Semyonovna Golubkina tsis yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm, los yog tej zaum tag nrho cov khoom tsuas yog ua hauj lwm kho. Tus poj niam rov qab mus rau nws tsev neeg hauv lub nroog Zaraysk, tom qab ntawd, ua ke nrog nws tus muam Alexandra, uas nyuam qhuav kawm tiav kev pab kho mob, Anna tawm mus rau Siberia - nws nyob ntawm no tias ob leeg ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm qhov chaw hloov chaw.

thib ob txoj kev vam meej rau Paris

Thaum tus poj niam tau txais kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb, nws rov qab los rau Fabkis xyoo 1897. Lub sijhawm no, Anna pom tus neeg uas nws yuav tsum tau kawm ua ntej - Rodin.

Anna Golubkina nthuav tawm nws thawj cov duab puab hauv xyoo 1898 ntawm Paris Salon (ib qho kev sib tw kos duab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd). Cov duab puab no hu ua "Cov Laus". Rau txoj hauj lwm no, Anna Golubkina tau tsim los ntawm tus qauv hnub nyoog nruab nrab uas tau piav qhia ntawm Rodin tus pej thuam "Tus Neeg Zoo Nkauj Olmière" (1885).

Sculptor Golubkina tau txhais tus kws qhia ntawv hauv nws tus kheej. Nws ua tau zoo heev: tus poj niam tau txais ib qho khoom plig tseem ceeb rau nws, thiab tseem tau txais kev qhuas hauv xov xwm. Xyoo tom ntej, Anna rov qab mus rau Russia, qhov chaw uas lawv twb tau hnov txog nws. Morozov txiav txim siab ua hauj lwm rau Anna Semyonovna Golubkina - lub nyem tsim los kho lub Moscow Art Theatre. Tom qab ntawd tus poj niam tsim portraits ntawm feem ntau ci ntsa iab thiab nrov kab lis kev cai cov nuj nqis ntawm lub hnub nyoog nyiaj: A. N. Tolstoy, A. Bely, V. Ivanov. Tab sis Chaliapintus poj niam tsis kam sculpting vim nws tsis nyiam nws ua ib tug neeg.

Duab puab "Birch"
Duab puab "Birch"

Kev ua tsis tiav kev hloov pauv

Anna Golubkina yug hauv hluav taws, thiab nws tus kheej hais tias nws muaj "tus neeg tua hluav taws" tus cwj pwm. Tus poj niam yog uncompromising thiab intolerant. Kev tsis ncaj ncees hauv nws lub neej ua rau nws npau taws heev. Thaum lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905, Anna yuav luag tuag thaum nws nres tus nees ntawm Cossack uas tawg cov neeg ua haujlwm. Yog li pib nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov revolutionaries. Los ntawm lawv qhov kev txiav txim, Golubkina Anna Semenovna tsim cov duab puab - lub bust ntawm Marx, kuj mus xyuas cov tsev tsis pub leej twg paub nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, los ntawm ib lub tsev nyob rau hauv Zaraysk nws ua ib tug turnout rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws tsis raug cai.

Ob peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1907, Anna raug ntes rau kev tshaj tawm cov lus tshaj tawm thiab raug kaw rau ib xyoos hauv tsev lojcuj. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws ntawm tus neeg raug foob, nws rooj plaub raug kaw: tus poj niam raug tso rau hauv cov tsiaj qus raws li tub ceev xwm saib xyuas.

Tsis muaj menyuam thiab tus txiv

Tus ntxhais xav li cas txog qhov tsis muaj menyuam thiab nws tus txiv: yeej lossis swb? Ib zaug Anna Golubkina hais rau ib tug hluas nkauj uas xav los ua ib tug kws sau ntawv: yog tias koj xav tau ib yam dab tsi zoo heev los ntawm koj txoj haujlwm, koj tsis tas yuav sib yuav, koj tsis tas yuav pib tsev neeg. Raws li Anna hais, kos duab tsis nyiam khi tes. Ib tug yuav tsum tuaj rau art nrog dawb, npaj los tsim tes. Art yog hom kev ua yeeb yam, koj yuav tsum tsis nco qab txhua yam, thiab hauv tsev neeg tus poj niam yog neeg raug kaw.

Anna Semyonovna Golubkina
Anna Semyonovna Golubkina

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias Golubkina yog ib tug poj niam dawb thiab tsis muaj menyuam,Nws hlub nws cov xeeb ntxwv heev, thiab kuj tsa Vera, nws tus tij laug tus ntxhais. Ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm Anna Semyonovna Golubkina, cov duab puab ntawm Mitya tus tub xeeb ntxwv, uas tau yug los muaj mob thiab tuag ua ntej nws txawm mus txog ib lub hnub nyoog, sawv tawm. Anna suav tias qhov kev pab cuam "Niam Niam" yog ib qho ntawm nws nyiam ua haujlwm. Xyoo dhau ib xyoos, nws rov qab los ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tsim no.

Golubkina lub hnab ris ib txwm muaj ntau yam khoom qab zib rau menyuam yaus, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab kev hloov pauv - zaub mov yooj yim. Vim cov menyuam yaus, Golubkina ib zaug yuav luag tuag. Nws pab ib pab me nyuam tsis muaj tsev nyob, thiab cov me nyuam no tau muab tshuaj pw tsaug zog rau tus poj niam, thiab ces muab tub sab.

Moscow exhibition ntawm Golubkina

Hauv xyoo 1914, tus kheej thawj qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm 50-xyoo-laus Anna Golubkina tau ua tiav. Nws tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Fine Arts (hnub no lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Pushkin). Cov neeg tuaj saib tau maj nrawm mus rau qhov kev tshwm sim muaj tswv yim, cov txiaj ntsig tau los ntawm kev muag daim pib mus rau qhov kev nthuav qhia tau dhau los ua qhov loj. Anna Golubkina pub cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev nthuav tawm los pab cov neeg raug mob (tom qab tag nrho, Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib pib xyoo ntawd).

Txhua tus neeg thuam hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws tau nyob hauv qhov kev zoo siab uas tsis tau muaj dua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo. Tab sis Igor Grabar, leej twg xav yuav ntau sculptures los ntawm Anna Golubkina muab tso rau hauv lub Tretyakov Gallery, cem Golubkina rau nws ntau txaus siab: tus nqi rau cov uas qhia tej hauj lwm yog siab dhau lawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsis tau muag ib daim qauv ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia.

Sculpture Golubkina nyob rau hauv Tretyakov Gallery
Sculpture Golubkina nyob rau hauv Tretyakov Gallery

Ciaj sia nyob rau lub sijhawmCivil War

Hmoov tsis zoo, xyoo 1915, Anna Semyonovna Golubkina rov muaj kev ntxhov siab, vim tias tus poj niam tau muab tso rau hauv tsev kho mob rau kev kho mob. Tau ntau xyoo Golubkina tsim tsis tau. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub post-revolutionary lub hlis, Anna Semyonovna Golubkina yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub Commission rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Ancient Monuments, raws li zoo raws li lub cev ntawm lub Moscow Council, aims ntawm combating tsis muaj tsev nyob (dua cov me nyuam!).

Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo txaus ntshai, thaum Moscow tshaib plab thiab khov, Anna tau dhau lub sijhawm no tsis tu ncua. Nws cov phooj ywg hais tias nws yooj yim rau nws vim hais tias tus poj niam tsuas yog siv los ua asceticism thiab tsis txawm pom qhov kev nyuaj siab. Rau tag nrho cov saum toj no, nws yog tsim nyog ntxiv hais tias rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag, Golubkina tau koom nyob rau hauv painting ntawm fabrics nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nyuaj no, thiab kuj muab cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau novice artists. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, Golubkina cov phooj ywg tau coj nws ib qho kev xyaum tshwj xeeb thiab pib coj cov khoom qub qub qub: los ntawm cov pob no (los ntawm kaus ntxhw) Anna carved cameos uas nws muag.

Golubkina txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog tsoomfwv Soviet

Txawm tias tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv yav dhau los, Anna Semyonovna Golubkina tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ke nrog Bolsheviks. Tus poj niam no tau txawv los ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, kev ua tsis ncaj ncees, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm los npaj nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1918, Anna Semyonovna Golubkina tsis kam ua hauj lwm nrog lub Soviets, vim hais tias ntawm tua ntawm ib tug ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm tsoom fwv, Kokoshkin. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, tej zaum, txhua yam tuaj yeem txhim kho, tab sis xyoo 1923 ntawm kev sib tw rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws monument rau tus kws sau ntawvOstrovsky Golubkina tsis yog tus thawj coj, tab sis tsuas yog tus thib peb, uas ua rau nws chim heev.

Sculpture "Lub Hnub Qub"
Sculpture "Lub Hnub Qub"

Hauv xyoo 1920, Anna Semyonovna Golubkina khwv tau nws txoj sia los ntawm kev qhia. Nws txoj kev noj qab haus huv yog maj mam deterioration - Anna lub plab rwj mob hnyav zuj zus, vim nws yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm sai. Lub xeem paub tej hauj lwm ntawm tus sculptor zoo heev yog "Birch", uas yog ib tug cim ntawm cov hluas, raws li zoo raws li ib tug portrait ntawm Leo Tolstoy nws tus kheej. Nws yog tsim nyog them sai sai rau qhov tseeb hais tias Anna Semyonovna Golubkina sculpted Tolstoy los ntawm nws lub cim xeeb, lub hauv paus tsis siv cov duab muaj. Qee lub sij hawm ua ntej nws tuag, Golubkina rov qab mus rau nws tsev neeg hauv lub nroog Zaraysk. Nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze, Anna Semyonovna Golubkina tuag thaum muaj hnub nyoog 63.

Txoj hmoo ntawm kev cob qhia

Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim rau lub rhiav nto moo ntawm tus sculptor zoo heev ntawm lub hnub nyoog nyiaj? Cov txheeb ze ntawm Anna Semyonovna Golubkina muab lub rooj cob qhia no rau lub xeev, raws li tau hais hauv nws lub siab nyiam. Hauv cov xyoo ntawd, kwv yees li ob puas ua haujlwm tau khaws cia hauv lub rooj cob qhia no. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lub tsev khaws puav pheej muaj npe tom qab Anna Semyonovna Golubkina qhib hauv chav no. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 1952 kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim. Heev sai sai, thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam nrog formalism los yog ib yam dab tsi lwm yam, nws muab tawm hais tias Anna Semyonovna Golubkina txhob txwm "muab" cov dluab ntawm cov neeg, xws li "Soviet" sawv daws yuav. Vim li no, Tsev khaws puav pheej-rhiav raug kaw, thiab tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm tus sculptor nto moo nyob rau hauv lub rhiav tau muab faib rau cov nyiaj sib txawv ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv.ob peb lub nroog Lavxias, suav nrog Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej thiab Tretyakov Gallery.

Ib ob peb lo lus xaus

Nws tsuas yog xyoo 1972 uas lub koob npe nrov ntawm tus kws kos duab Anna Semyonovna Golubkina tau tshem tawm tag nrho, thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej-rhiav tau txiav txim siab rov qab los dua. Vim lub fact tias Golubkina lub rhiav tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov ceg ntawm lub Tretyakov Gallery, nws yog heev yooj yim mus rov qab ntau yam ntawm tus tswv tej hauj lwm rau lawv haiv neeg phab ntsa. Txawm li cas los, tus so ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm Anna Semyonovna Golubkina mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv lwm lub zos ntawm Russia. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb yog Golubkina tseem tau txais nws lub npe zoo rov qab.

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