Los ntawm 1944, cov lus txib ntawm Red Army tau xaus lus tias txhais tau tias lawv yuav tsum tawm tsam cov fascist tso tsheb hlau luam tsis txaus. Nws yog urgently yuav tsum tau kom qualitatively ntxiv dag zog rau lub Soviet armored rog. Ntawm cov qauv sib txawv hauv kev pabcuam nrog Red Army, PT SAU-100 tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, Tub Rog Liab tau los ua tus tswv ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo tiv thaiv txhua yam qauv ntawm Wehrmacht armored tsheb. Koj yuav kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, khoom siv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm SAU-100 los ntawm kab lus no.
Introduction
SAU-100 (duab ntawm cov tsheb armored - hauv qab no) yog qhov nruab nrab hnyav Soviet tiv thaiv tank tus kheej-propelled artillery installation. Cov qauv no belongs rau chav kawm ntawm tank destroyers. Lub tank nruab nrab T-34-85 yog lub hauv paus rau nws cov creation. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, Soviet SPG-100 yog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm SPG SU-85. Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuab no tsis haum rau tub rog lawm. Vim lub zog tsis txaus ntawm Soviet artillery installation, German tso tsheb hlau luam xws li Tiger thiab Panther tuaj yeem tsim kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm kev deb. Yog li ntawd, nws tau npaj los hloov SAU-85 nrog SAU-100 yav tom ntej. Serial ntau lawm yog nqa tawm ntawm Uralmashzavod. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub Soviet kev lag luam tsim 4976 units. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhia kev, chav tsev no tau teev tseg raws li lub tank destroyer SU-100.
History of Creation
SU-85 yog suav tias yog thawj qhov kev phom sij ntawm lub tank destroyer chav kawm, uas yog tsim los ntawm Soviet tiv thaiv kev lag luam. Nws creation tau pib thaum lub caij ntuj sov thaum ntxov xyoo 1943. T-34 nruab nrab tank thiab SU-122 phom phom ua lub hauv paus rau kev teeb tsa. Nrog rau 85 mm D-5S cannon, qhov kev teeb tsa no tau ua tiav tiv thaiv German cov tso tsheb hlau luam nruab nrab ntawm qhov deb txog li ib txhiab meters. Los ntawm qhov ze, cov cuab yeej ntawm ib lub tank hnyav ua nws txoj hauv kev los ntawm D-5S. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog "Tiger" thiab "Panther". Cov tso tsheb hlau luam Wehrmacht no txawv ntawm qhov seem hauv lawv qhov kev txhim kho hluav taws xob thiab kev tiv thaiv armor. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau pom cov kab ke zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tseem Ceeb tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm rau cov neeg tsim qauv Soviet ntawm Uralmashzavod - los tsim cov riam phom tiv thaiv tank zoo dua.
Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv: tsuas yog lub Cuaj Hlis thiab Lub Kaum Hli yog qhov pov tseg ntawm cov kws tua phom. Thaum pib, nws tau npaj me ntsis hloov lub cev ntawm SU-85 thiab muab nws nrog 122-millimeter D-25 cannon. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yuav ua rau kom nce qhov loj ntawm lub installation los ntawm 2.5 tons. Tsis tas li ntawd,mos txwv thiab tus nqi hluav taws yuav txo. Cov neeg tsim qauv tsis txaus siab rau 152-millimeter D-15 howitzer. Qhov tseeb yog tias nrog rab phom no lub undercarriage yuav overloaded, thiab lub tshuab yuav txo tau mus. Lub sijhawm ntawd, kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ib txhij ntawm cov phom ntev 85-mm. Tom qab kev ntsuam xyuas, nws tau pom tseeb tias cov phom no tsis muaj kev vam meej, txij li ob peb ntawm lawv tau tawg thaum tua. Thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1944, 100-millimeter D-10S phom tau tsim los ntawm Hoobkas No.9.
Kev ua haujlwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus tsim qauv Soviet F. F. Petrov. Lub D-10S tau ua raws li B-34 naval anti-aircraft phom. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm D-10S yog tias nws tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm rab phom tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov cuab yeej siv rau kev hloov pauv. Qhov loj ntawm lub tshuab nws tus kheej tsis nce. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis, qhov kev sim ua qauv "Qhov Khoom No. 138" nrog D-10S tau tsim thiab xa mus rau lub Hoobkas kuaj.
Testing
Nyob rau hauv lub Hoobkas kev sim, cov tsheb armored taug kev 150 km thiab tua 30 lub plhaub. Tom qab ntawd, nws raug coj mus rau qhov kev xeem hauv xeev. Ntawm Gorohovets artillery kev tshawb fawb thiab kev sim ntau yam, tus qauv tau tua 1,040 txhaj tshuaj thiab mus txog 864 km. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem tau pom zoo los ntawm lub xeev commission. Tam sim no cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Uralmashzavod tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa serial ntau lawm ntawm tus kheej-propelled complex kom sai li sai tau.
About production
Kev tsim tawm ntawm SU-100 tank destroyers pib ntawm Uralmashzavod hauv 1944. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib daim ntawv tso cai rau kev tsim cov phom self-propelled nyob rau hauv1951 tau txais los ntawm Czechoslovakia. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm SU-100 tank destroyers tsim los ntawm Soviet thiab Czechoslovak industries txawv ntawm 4772-4976 units.
Kev piav qhia
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, SAU-100 muaj qhov teeb tsa tib yam li lub hauv paus tank. Lub frontal ib feem ntawm cov armored tsheb tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm cov thawj coj thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua compartments, nyob rau hauv lub stern muaj ib qho chaw rau lub cav- kis tau tus mob. Nyob rau hauv German tank tsev, ib txwm layout tau siv, thaum lub hwj chim unit tau nruab rau ntawm lub stern, thiab tsav log thiab kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Ib tug self-propelled phom E-100 Jagdpanzer muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov cuab yeej. Tsim kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv no tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1943 hauv nroog Friedberg. Cov Germans, raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, kuj tau sim ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsheb armored ntau li ntau tau. Piv txwv li, Wehrmacht cov kws tshaj lij tau xav tias kev tsim cov khoom hnyav Maus tank yuav ua rau lub teb chaws raug nqi ntau dhau. Yog li ntawd, Jagdpanzer tau tsim los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau Maus. Muaj plaub tus neeg nyob rau hauv pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm SAU-100 tank, uas yog: tus tsav tsheb, tus thawj coj, tus neeg tua phom thiab tus neeg nqa khoom.
Tus tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm sab laug, thiab tus thawj coj - nyob rau sab xis ntawm rab phom. Hauv qab nws yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm rau lub loader. Tus neeg tua phom zaum tom qab tus kws kho tsheb sab laug. Txhawm rau kom cov neeg coob tuaj yeem nkag mus thiab tawm mus, lub nkoj tub rog tau nruab nrog ob lub folding hatches - nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm tus thawj coj lub pej thuam thiab nyob rau sab stern. Cov neeg ua haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua tuaj yeem tsaws los ntawm qhov hatch, uas nyob hauv qab ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua. Hatch nyob rau hauv lub wheelhousesiv rau panorama phom. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tua los ntawm tus kheej riam phom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau lub hom phiaj no, armored hull ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom tau nruab nrog lub qhov uas raug kaw nrog kev pab los ntawm armor plugs. Lub ru tsev cabin tau nruab nrog ob tus kiv cua. Lub hau npog hauv lub cav-kev sib kis thiab lub pob khawm sab sauv sab saud muaj ob peb lub kaus mom uas tus kws kho tsheb, zoo li hauv T-34, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau chav sib kis thiab lub zog. Ib qho kev pom tag nrho yog muab los ntawm kev saib cov qhov nyob hauv lub tank turret hauv tus nqi ntawm tsib daim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub turret tau nruab nrog Mk-4 periscope saib cov cuab yeej.
About riam phom
SAU-100 siv 100-millimeter phom phom D-10S, 1944, ua riam phom loj. Lub armor-piercing projectile raug rho tawm los ntawm rab phom no txav mus rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 897 m / s. Qhov taw qhia ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws yog 6, 36 MJ. Cov phom no muaj ib nrab-automatic kab rov tav wedge rooj vag, electromagnetic thiab mechanical qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau cov kev taw qhia ntsug, D-10S tau nruab nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav them nyiaj yug mechanism. Rau cov khoom siv recoil, tus tsim tawm tau muab rau hydraulic nres-recoiler thiab hydropneumatic knurler. Lawv tau muab tso rau ntawm ob sab saum lub cev. Tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom, ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab qhib mechanism yog 1435 kg. Cov phom tau muab tso rau ntawm lub phaj pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev nyob ntawm ob lub trunnions, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsom rau hauv lub dav hlau ntsug hauv thaj tsam ntawm -3 txog +20 degrees thiab kab rov tav - +/-8 degrees. Kev taw qhia ntawm rab phom tau ua los ntawm phau ntawv nqa kev lag luam thiabrotary screws. Thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj, lub D-10S dov rov qab los ntawm 57 cm. Yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los nqa tawm ncaj qha hluav taws, cov neeg coob siv lub TSh-19 telescopic articulated pom nrog ib tug plaub npaug nce. Cov txheej txheem no tau muab kev pom kev pom hauv thaj chaw pom txog li 16 degrees. Los ntawm qhov chaw kaw, Hertz's panorama thiab sab theem tau siv. Hauv ib feeb, mus txog rau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem raug rho tawm los ntawm rab phom loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob lub 7.62 hli PPSh-41 submachine phom, plaub lub tank grenades thiab 24 tes tuav tiv thaiv cov neeg tiv thaiv F-1 fragmentation tiv thaiv cov neeg tiv thaiv F-1 tau txuas nrog cov pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab ntawd, PPSh tau hloov los ntawm Kalashnikov phom phom. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, hauv Great Patriotic War cov neeg coob ntawm SAU-100 hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj peev xwm siv phom tshuab lub teeb ntxiv.
About mos txwv
Rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm riam phom ntawm tus kheej-propelled, 33 kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau muab. Lub plhaub tau muab tso rau hauv lub log tsheb - rau lub hom phiaj no, cov chaw tsim khoom tau tsim tshwj xeeb racks. Kaum xya ntawm lawv nyob ntawm sab laug ntawm sab, yim sab nraub qaum, yim sab xis. Nyob rau hauv Great Patriotic War, cov mos txwv muaj lub taub hau ntse thiab blunt-headed caliber armor-piercing, fragmentation thiab high-explosive fragmentation shells.
Tom qab kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, cov mos txwv tau muab ntxiv ua ntej nrog cov riam phom zoo dua UBR-41D, uas muaj cov lus qhia tiv thaiv thiab ntaus pob, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog sub-caliber thiab tsis sib hloov. Nyob rau hauv cov mos txwv tsis tu ncua nws tus kheej-propelled phom muaj high-explosive fragmentation (kaum rau daim), armor-piercing (kaum) thiab cumulative (xya.plhaub). Cov riam phom ntxiv, uas yog PPSh, tau nruab nrog 1420 puag ncig ntawm mos txwv. Lawv tau muab tso rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm disc (nees nkaum daim).
About chassis
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, nyob rau thaj tsam no cov phom tus kheej siv tau zoo tsis txawv ntawm qhov pib T-34 tank. Txhua sab hauv cov phom tus kheej muaj lub log tsheb (tsib txhua). Lawv txoj kab uas hla yog 83 cm. Cov roj hmab bands tau muab rau lub chassis nrog lub log tsav, Christie lub ncua kev kawm ntawv thiab ib tug sloth. Kev txhim kho yam tsis muaj cov cab cab - cov cab cab tau siv los txuas rau sab sauv ntawm txoj siv. Tsav tsheb nrog ridge gearing yog nyob rau tom qab, thiab sloths nrog tensioners yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Tsis zoo li T-34, lub chassis ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom, uas yog nws cov menyuam pem hauv ntej, tau ntxiv dag zog nrog peb bearings. Txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlua hlau kuj tau hloov pauv los ntawm peb mus rau 3.4 cm. Cov kab tau sawv cev los ntawm 72 stamped steel lem, qhov dav yog 50 cm.
Nyob rau hauv kev rau siab los txhim kho lub patency ntawm artillery mount, cov lem nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tau nruab nrog lugs. Lawv tau txuas nrog bolts rau txhua qhov plaub thiab thib rau. Hauv xyoo 1960 Cov phom nws tus kheej tau tsim nrog lub log tsheb, zoo li hauv T-44M.
About the power plant
Cov phom tus kheej tau siv plaub-stroke V-shaped 12-lub tog raj kheej V-2-34 diesel cav nrog cov kua txias. Chav tsev no muaj peev xwm tsim lub zog siab tshaj plaws txog 500 horsepower ntawm 1800 rpm. Qhov ntsuas lub zog ntsuas yog 450 horsepower (1750 rpm), ua haujlwm - 400horsepower (1700 rpm). Nws tso tawm tau ua nrog kev pab los ntawm ST-700 pib, lub zog ntawm 15 horsepower. Tsis tas li ntawd rau lub hom phiaj no, compressed cua tau siv, uas muaj nyob rau hauv ob lub tog raj kheej. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau nrog ob lub tshuab cua Cyclone thiab ob lub tubular-hom radiators. Tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm cov roj tank sab hauv yog 400 litres roj. Kuj tseem muaj plaub qhov ntxiv cylindrical roj tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm 95 litres txhua. Lawv tsis txuas nrog rau tag nrho cov roj hluav taws xob ntawm cov phom loj uas nws tus kheej-propelled.
About kis
Qhov system no yog sawv cev los ntawm cov khoom hauv qab no:
- multi-disk qhuav txhuam lub ntsiab clutch;
- tsib-ceev phau ntawv kis tau tus mob;
- ob qhov kev sib txhuam qhuav ntau-phaj sab clutches thiab band hom brakes siv cov cam khwb cia hlau;
- ob qhov yooj yim ib kab zaum kawg tsav.
Txhua qhov kev tswj hwm tsav yog hom tshuab. Yuav kom tus neeg tsav tsheb tuaj yeem tig thiab nres rab phom tus kheej, ob lub levers tau muab tso rau ntawm ob sab ntawm nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm.
Hais txog cov khoom siv tua hluav taws
Raws li nyob rau hauv lwm cov qauv ntawm armored tsheb ntawm lub USSR, no self-propelled artillery mount muaj ib tug tetrachlorine portable tua hluav taws. Yog tias hluav taws kub hnyiab tau tshwm sim hauv chav tsev, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tau siv lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Qhov tseeb yog tias, tau txais ntawm qhov chaw kub, tetrachloride nkag mus rau hauv tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog oxygen muaj nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, uas ua rau tsim phosgene. Qhov no yogib tug muaj zog tshuaj lom ntawm ib tug asphyxiating xwm.
TTX
SAU-100 muaj cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm hauv qab no:
- tsheb armored hnyav 31.6 tons;
- muaj plaub tus neeg nyob hauv;
- tag nrho ntev ntawm cov phom tus kheej nrog rab phom yog 945 cm, lub cev - 610 cm;
- ntsuas dav 300 cm, qhov siab 224.5 cm;
- clearance - 40 cm;
- khoom siv nrog homogeneous, steel dov thiab nrum armor;
- thickness ntawm qab thiab lub ru tsev - 2 cm;
- ntawm txoj kev loj, cov phom tus kheej taug kev mus txog 50 km ib teev;
- Cov tsheb tub rog tau kov yeej cov av ntxhib ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 20 km / h;
- rab phom tus kheej nrog cov npoo mus ntawm txoj kev loj - 310 km, hla teb chaws - 140 km;
- Qhov tshwj xeeb hauv av yog 0.8 kg / sq. saib;
- Artillery mount overcomes 35-degree slopes, 70-centimeter phab ntsa thiab 2.5-meter ditches.
In xaus
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tub rog, qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm tus kheej-propelled artillery nyob rau hauv Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog ua pov thawj tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv tank. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm SAU-100 tso cai rau cov tub rog ntawm Red Army kom ua tiav cov fascist "Tigers" thiab "Panthers". Cov qauv no ntawm Wehrmacht armored tsheb raug rhuav tshem nrog kev pab los ntawm Soviet self-propelled phom los ntawm kev ncua deb ntawm 1500 m. Cov armor tiv thaiv Ferdinand tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm tus kheej-propelled phom-100. Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov ua rog, cov phom loj ntawm tus kheej no tau ua haujlwm hauv ntau lub xeev tau ntev.
Feem ntau cov no yog lub teb chaws ntawm yav dhau los Soviet Union, Slovakia thiab Czech koom pheej. Ntau lub kaum ob rab phom tus kheej tau siv niaj hnub no ua kev nco txog hauv ntau lub tsev cia puav pheej tub rog.
