Ib xyoos thiab 13 hnub ntawm kev muaj nyob ntawm Roob Republic

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:47

Tawm tsam qhov rov qab los ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog thiab kev puas tsuaj tom ntej ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub xeev tshiab tau pib tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv 1918, North Caucasian haiv neeg tshaj tawm cov creation ntawm ib tug ywj siab Roob koom pheej, muaj xws li xya lub teb chaws. Nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm nws lub neej, lub tebchaws tau lees paub los ntawm ntau lub xeev txaus siab ua rau Russia tsis muaj zog.

Backstory

Nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv tebchaws Russia, thiab yog li qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm tsoomfwv hauv nruab nrab, centrifugal tendencies intensified hauv lub tebchaws. Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1917, lub rooj sib tham ntawm North Caucasian haiv neeg tau muaj nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz, uas tshaj tawm cov creation ntawm lub Union ntawm United Highlanders ntawm North Caucasus thiab Dagestan. Uas tom qab ntawd los ua tus forerunner ntawm creation ntawm ib tug ywj siab Roob koom pheej. Cov kev siv zog tseem ceeb ntawm Union tau tsom mus rau kev tsim lub yias-Caucasian lub xeev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug confederation.

Nyob hauv koom haum koom haumcov neeg sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm highlanders thiab lwm haiv neeg tau koom nrog. Xws li cov thawj coj yav tom ntej ntawm lub tebchaws roob roob Abdul Mejid (Tapa) Chermoev (a Chechen) thiab Pshemakho Kotsev (kabardian) thiab nws tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Txawv Tebchaws Gaidar Bammat (a Dagestani).

Lub taub hau yav tom ntej ntawm Denikin's Chechnya, General Eliskhan Aliyev, thiab Nazhmudin Gotsinsky, uas tom qab tshaj tawm mufti ntawm North Caucasus, koom nrog hauv lub xeev lub tsev. Lub rooj sib tham thib ob yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub zos Dagestan ntawm Andi, qhov twg tsis yog txhua tus neeg sawv cev tuaj txog. Thiab lawv ua tsis tau tejyam los nrog ib qho kev daws teeb meem. Qee leej tau hais kom tsim lub xeev kev ntseeg zoo ib yam li Imam Shamil "Imamat", tab sis lwm tus xav tias lub sijhawm twb txawv lawm, thiab lawv yuav tsum ua raws li kev cai dab qhuas.

Lub Xeev Lub Xeev

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1918, tawm tsam qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov thawj coj hauv roob tau pib nrhiav kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab Austria ua haujlwm hauv Transcaucasus. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov May ntawm tib lub xyoo, lub creation ntawm lub Roob koom pheej tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv lub Batumi sablaj. Lub Highlanders 'Union tau los ua thawj tsoom fwv los ntawm Chechen oilman Abdul Mejid (Tapa) Chermoev, tus tub ntawm ib tug general nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo tom ntej, pawg neeg sawv cev ntawm North Caucasian haiv neeg, ntawm lub rooj sib tham kev sib haum xeeb hauv Paris, tau siv zog los tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog ntau lub tebchaws, suav nrog Fabkis, Tebchaws Meskas, Askiv, Ltalis thiab Nyij Pooj. Tab sis ua tsis tau dab tsi.

Qaib ntxhw, Lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan tam sim ntawd lees paub lub xeev tshiab. Qee lub tebchawsqhib lawv cov chaw sawv cev nyob rau hauv North Caucasian tsoom fwv. Thiab Azerbaijan txawm faib nyiaj qiv nyiaj ntawm 8 lab rubles rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev ua tub rog, uas tsis tau rov qab los.

Symbols of power

Thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob (txij lub Tsib Hlis 1918 txog Lub Tsib Hlis 1919), peb tus thawj coj tau hloov pauv hauv tebchaws tshiab. Tom qab Chermoev, Kabardian Pshemakho Kotsev tau los ua tus thib ob, thiab tom qab ntawd Dagestani Mikhail Khalilov coj tsoom fwv North Caucasian.

Tus qauv tsim ntawm tus chij ntawm Lub Tebchaws Roob Roob yog tsim los ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo Dagestan Khalilbek Musayasul. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ob lub versions: nrog ntsuab los yog liab kab txaij thiab hnub qub nyob rau sab laug ces kaum. Thawj qhov kev xaiv nto moo tshaj yog tseem siv los ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm North Caucasus. Ntau tus tau sau tseg qhov zoo ib yam li lub Hnub Qub thiab Kab Tsuag Asmeskas chij. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias tus kws kos duab tiag tiag txhob txwm luam tawm cov qauv, koom nrog Tebchaws Meskas nrog lub tebchaws dawb.

First escape

Tsoomfwv roob tau lees paub hauv thaj chaw me me ntawm North Caucasus. Lub nroog tseem ceeb tau nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas thiab tsoomfwv tus kheej hauv nroog, uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm liab Astrakhan thiab cov tub rog rov qab los tsev los ntawm pem hauv ntej.

Tom qab muaj kev tsov rog rog nyob rau hauv Caucasus thiab ua rau muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntau dua, tsoomfwv thaum kawg poob lub hwj chim thiab poob tiag tiag. Cov seem ntawm cov thawj coj tau khiav mus rau Georgia.

Kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm Republic

Lub Tsib Hlis 1918,nyob rau hauv Batumi, nyob los ntawm cov tub rog Turkish, lub thib ob tsoom fwv ntawm lub Roob koom pheej twb launched. Uas tshaj tawm lub abolition ntawm tag nrho cov decrees ntawm lub Soviet tsoom fwv, rov qab mus rau cov tswv ntawm lawv pastures, hav zoov thiab dej. Cov ntawv cog lus tau kos npe nrog Cossack thiab White Guard units ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tawm tsam Reds, thiab tsim lawv tus kheej cov tub rog pib.

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1919, thaj chaw ntawm North Caucasus tau raug tswj los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm General Denikin. General Khalilov tshaj tawm nws tus kheej-kev rhuav tshem, uas ntau tus tseem rau txim rau nws. Tab sis 1.5 txhiab tus tub rog tub rog tsis zoo tuaj yeem tiv tsis tau 5,000 tus tub rog dawb. Roob koom pheej kav ib xyoos thiab 13 hnub.

Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws Soviets

Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1921, lub rooj sib tham tau tsim nyob rau hauv Vladikavkaz, uas Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev rau haiv neeg JV Stalin tau tshaj tawm rau sawv cev ntawm tsoomfwv Soviet. Stalin tau hais tias lawv tau lees paub txog kev tswj hwm sab hauv ntawm cov neeg roob, uas lawv tau tawm tsam ntau pua xyoo. Thiab nws tau thov kom tsim lub Roob Soviet koom pheej (socialist) nrog cov cai dav dav ntawm kev ywj pheej. Lub rooj sib tham tau pom zoo, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas: tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm tsoomfwv hauv nruab nrab hauv kev ua haujlwm sab hauv yuav raug tswj xyuas; tib neeg yuav nyob raws li txoj cai Sharia thiab adat; cov av uas tau coj los ntawm tsoomfwv tsarist los ntawm cov pejxeem hauv zos yuav raug xa rov qab.

Txhua yam xwm txheej tau lees paub los ntawm ob tog, qee thaj av tau xa rov qab mus rau Ingush thiab Chechens, ib feem ntawm lub zos Cossack tau rov qab mus tob rau hauv Russia. Cov Congress tau tsim tsa Gorskaya Autonomous Soviet SocialistRepublic. Nws suav nrog cov cheeb tsam: Chechnya, Ingushetia, Ossetia, Kabarda, Balkaria thiab Karachay. Lawv cov pejxeem nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog 1.286 lab tus tib neeg. Lub Roob Autonomous Republic tau kav mus txog rau xyoo 1924, thaum nws tau muab faib ua lub teb chaws autonomous regions los ntawm tsab cai ntawm Central Government.