Ntau tus neeg nyiam xaiv nceb. Kev sib xyaw ua ke taug kev hauv hav zoov nrog ib qho tseem ceeb - khaws cov zaub mov dawb yog ob npaug qab ntxiag. Thaum kawg ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg indulges nyob rau hauv ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm nceb teej tug mus rau rowing tsev neeg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, lub ntiaj teb rowing. Unpretentious nyob rau hauv tsos, tab sis heev six thiab noj qab nyob zoo, lawv yog ib qho yooj yim mus sau, raws li lawv feem ntau loj hlob nyob rau hauv loj pawg.
Kev piav qhia
Tsev neeg muaj txog li ob thiab ib nrab txhiab hom nceb. Lawv tau nthuav dav thoob plaws sab qaum teb hemisphere. Qhov chaw nyiam - coniferous lossis sib xyaw hav zoov. Lawv nyiam cov av xuab zeb, npog nrog ib txheej tuab ntawm koob thiab nplooj lossis moss. Tsis yog tag nrho cov nceb noj tau. Cov tsev neeg muaj xws li conditionally edible, lom thiab edible nceb. Cov tom kawg suav nrog kab hauv av. Nqe lus piav qhia:
- Hat. Nyob ntawm cov hom, nws tuaj yeem ua lub khob-puab, kheej kheej (hauv cov nceb hluas) lossis tswb-puab. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, nws straightens, tab sis lub hauv paus tubercle tseem nyob. Cov npoo ntawm lub kaus mom yog wavy, txawm, tucked los yog vice versa.upturned. Cov xim txawv: dawb, grey, variations ntawm ntsuab, daj, xim av, liab, ntshav. Ntxiv mus, thaum nws loj tuaj, xim tuaj yeem hloov pauv loj. Qhov saum npoo tuaj yeem yog scaly, mucous, du, velvety, qhuav, fibrous. Txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem ncav cuag 20 cm.
- Daim phiaj (hymenophore). Cov kab hauv qab lub kaus mom muaj daim hlau, lawv tau npog nrog cov kab mob spores. Cov phaj yog nyias thiab nquag, los yog nqaij tawv thiab sparse. Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nceb, lawv txawm thiab dawb, darken lub sij hawm, npog nrog xim av los yog xim av me ntsis, cov npoo ua torn thiab tsis sib xws.
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Leg. Qhov siab 3-10 cm, txoj kab uas hla 0.5-2 cm. Cov duab nyob ntawm hom. Nws tuaj yeem yog club-puab (nrog kev txuas ntxiv mus rau saum lossis hauv qab) lossis cylindrical. Kev ntxhib los mos kuj txawv, nws tuaj yeem yog liab qab, fibrous, velvety, scaly. Cov xim feem ntau yog paj yeeb nrog cov xim av xim av, hauv qab lub kaus mom nws tus kheej muaj thaj tsam ntawm cov xim dawb. Qee lub sij hawm hauv qab lub hau muaj cov seem ntawm kev tiv thaiv npog hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub nplhaib fibrous.
Feem ntau, nrog qee qhov nuances, qhov kev piav qhia no haum rau txhua hom ntawm tsev neeg no.
Ntau yam
hom khoom noj tseem ceeb:
- Nkauj ntiaj teb. Cov nceb yog nrov heev nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm lub qub Soviet Union. Lub hau ntawm cov nceb hluas yog lub khob hliav qab, nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 3 mus rau 9 cm. Nws yog silky rau kov, xim av los yog mousey xim. Cov phaj tsis sib xws, tsawg tsawg. Lub hauv qab ntawm ib tug pronounced yellowish tint. Ob txhais ceg loj hlob mus txog 10 cm, feem ntau ncaj, tab sis kuj muajnkhaus nrog ib tug ntsia hlau, cov laus yog hollow. Nws lub pulp muaj ib tug me ntsis floury tsw, yuav luag tasteless, elastic, dawb. Lub ntiaj teb rowan hlob tsuas yog hauv hav zoov coniferous.
- Grey. Outwardly, nws zoo ib yam li lub ntiaj teb. Nws muaj lub cev nqaij daim tawv, cov nceb me me muaj qhov sib npaug, tom qab tiaj tus thiab tawg cap. Tsuas yog ib tug flattened tubercle nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm 4-12 cm Cov xim yog grey tsaus, qee zaum nrog ntshav lossis ntsuab tint. Cov phaj tsis tshua muaj, dav. Yog hais tias koj tawg lub serushka, nws yuav tig daj, saj yog mealy. Cov ceg ntawm lub hauv paus yog dav, tuaj yeem loj hlob mus txog 15 cm thiab siab dua. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab grey thiab lub ntiaj teb yog qhov grey ib qho "lub cev", lub ntsej muag daj ntawm cov phiaj, thiab cov ntxhiab tsw qab ntxiag zoo.
Muaj ntau hom:
- matsutake loj hlob hauv Suav teb, Nyiv, North America, Russia, Finland, Kauslim Teb, Sweden;
- giant, loj hlob mus txog 20 cm hauv txoj kab uas hla, pom muaj nyob hauv yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws nyob sab Europe, North Africa, Nyiv, Russia;
- neeg coob coob, loj hlob hauv thaj chaw huab cua sov, dav siv hauv cov tebchaws Esxias hauv kev tshuaj;
- Mongolian, zoo li cov nceb dawb, tab sis daim phiaj muab tawm ib kab hauv nws, loj hlob hauv Mongolia, Central Asia, hauv Western Tuam Tshoj.
Muaj ntau hom tsiaj tsis noj hauv tsev neeg no: dawb, grey, taw tes, xim av, tsov txaij.
khoom siv tau zoo
Lub ntiaj teb rowing, ntxiv rau ua cov khoom noj khoom haus zoo, muajntau yam zoo:
- muaj cov vitamins A, C, K, PP, D2, D7, pawg B, betaine;
- minerals: manganese, zinc, calcium, potassium, sodium, hlau, phosphorus;
- phenols:
- tshuaj tua kab mob ntuj: clitocin, fomycin;
- amino acids: stearic, glutamic thiab aspartic acids, phenylalanine, alanine, lysine, threonine;
Ypolysaccharides;
Yergosterol.
Cov kab noj tau muaj tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, antioxidant thiab immunomodulatory zog. Lawv tau siv los kho cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- oncology;
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- kab mob ntawm cov kab mob genitourinary;
- kom normalize siab;
- nrog rau lub paj hlwb tsis zoo;
- arrhythmia;
- osteoporosis;
- rheumatism.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tswj tsis tau cov nceb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Cov kab tuaj yeem khaws cov pa phem, suav nrog cov hlau hnyav. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los sau cov qauv me me. Overeating nceb ua rau mob, hnyav hauv plab, flatulence. Cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub gallbladder, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastrointestinal ib ntsuj av, uas tsis muaj acidity, nws yog undesirable nrog rowweed nyob rau hauv lawv cov zaub mov ntau zaus thiab ntau.
Siv
Nkauj tawm tshiab zoo siab thiab lom zem. Nws yog qhov zoo ob qho tib si tshiab thiab ua kev npaj rau lub caij ntuj no. Cov niam tsev zoo ua tiav pickle thiab ntsev nceb ntawm hom no. Muajob peb nuances hauv lawv cov kev npaj:
- ua ntej, koj yuav tsum noj cov nceb me me xwb, "cov neeg laus" yuav iab;
- thib ob, ua ntej ua noj, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxuav kom huv si, xuab zeb thiab lwm yam khib nyiab tau txhaws rau hauv daim phiaj;
- Thib peb, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub kaus mom.
Ua raws li cov cai yooj yim no, koj tuaj yeem ua noj ntau yam qab thiab noj qab nyob zoo.
Nco qhov tseeb
Ntawm no yog qee qhov tseeb txog kev caij nkoj:
- cov nceb no tuaj yeem loj hlob hauv tsev, zoo li champignons;
- nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws cov khoom ntawm rowing yog muab tso rau hauv kwj, khoom txawm xa mus rau export;
- hauv Nyij Pooj, matsutake muaj nuj nqis zoo li truffle hauv Tebchaws Europe, tus nqi rau tus kheej cov qauv tuaj yeem ncav cuag $ 100;
- raws li txoj cai, nceb loj hlob nyob rau hauv kab (li no lub npe) los yog voj voog, nrov hu ua "dab ntxwg nyoog".
