National Technical Museum (Prague): piav qhia ntawm kev nthuav qhia, tshuaj xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:45

Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Hauv Tebchaws hauv Prague (Národní Technické Muzeum) qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm thev naus laus zis hauv Czech koom pheej. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau kho dua tshiab tsis ntev los no tau dhau los ua qhov dav thiab nthuav dav rau txhua pawg hnub nyoog thiab muab lub sijhawm los so ntawm lub nroog bustle thiab suab nrov. Cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis nyiam cov khoom pov thawj tshwj xeeb, ua kev tshawb fawb tshiab, sim nrhiav cov kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub no. Thiab txawm tias tsis yog cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem nkag siab yooj yim cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los, uas tau pom meej meej hauv kev nthuav tawm. Lub tsev cia puav pheej rau-zaj dab neeg loj yog lub tsev rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Bohemian thaj av thiab tsev ntau dua 58,000 yam khoom, ntawm 15 feem pua yog suav tias yog keeb kwm muaj txiaj ntsig.

History of the Technical Museum

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov tshuab thiab cov khoom lag luam uas tsim kom muaj kev tawg thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev hloov pauv, pib hauv Czech koom pheej thaum ntxov li 1834. Lub npe ntawm leej txiv ntawm Technical Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv Prague yog feem ntau ntaus nqi rau Lavxias teb sab patriot Vojtěch Naprstek (1826-1894). Txij li thaum 1862, nws pib sau ib phau ntawm industrial thiab technicalnovelties ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd thoob ntiaj teb, thiab nyob rau hauv 1887 tau tshaj tawm rau pej xeem.

Naprstek tau ua tiav zoo ntawm kev nthuav tawm hauv Vienna, lub peev ntawm Austria-Hungary. Cov xwm txheej no tau coj mus rau kev tsim ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej txuj ci, uas tau ua tiav hauv xyoo 1908, thaum txiav txim siab los tsim nws. Xyoo 1910, lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau qhib nws lub qhov rooj hauv Schwarzenberg Palace ntawm Gradchanskaya Square.

Thaum lub sijhawm interwar (1918-1938), cov khoom sau tau loj hlob sai heev uas nws tsim nyog los qhib lub tsev cais. Kev tsim kho tau tso siab rau tus kws tsim qauv Milan Babushkin (1884-1953), kev ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau xyoo 1938-1941 thiab ua tiav lub caij ntuj sov ua ntej ua tsov rog nws tus kheej. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, lub tsev tau raug ntes los ntawm Nazis, uas tau tsim lub chaw xa ntawv tiv thaiv hauv nws, thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1948 ib feem ntawm lub tsev raug xa rov qab mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Xyoo 1951 lub tsev khaws puav pheej tau dhau los ua lub xeev lub tsev khaws puav pheej thiab tau raug hu ua National Technical Museum hauv Prague. Nyob rau xyoo 1960, nws nthuav nws qhov kev nthuav qhia thiab tsim kev sib cuag nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm lwm lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv ntiaj teb. Tom qab xyoo 2003, nws pib tsim kho dua tshiab, uas tau ua tiav xyoo 2013.

khoom pov thawj tam sim no

Tam sim no, lub tsev cia puav pheej muaj ntau dua 70,000 cov khoom pov thawj uas qhia txog kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis hauv Czech thaj av. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nrov heev. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 250,000 tus neeg tuaj xyuas txhua xyoo.

Nyob hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv Txuj Ci ntawm Prague koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom tshwj xeeb xws li cov khoom siv hnub qub los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, siv los ntawm Tycho Brahe nws tus kheej,thawj lub tsheb nyob rau hauv Czechoslovakia thiab lub hiob daguerreotypes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws kuj muaj lub tsev qiv ntawv nrog 250,000 phau ntawv.

Cov khoom sau, phau ntawv thiab cov khoom khaws cia tsis yog nyob hauv tsev cia puav pheej, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv cov tsev kawm txuj ci thiab kev kawm thoob plaws hauv nroog. Cov chaw sawv cev hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej suav nrog acoustics, architecture, kev tsim kho kev lag luam, kev lag luam teeb, hluav taws xob engineering. Ntawm qhov nkag mus rau lub tsev cia puav pheej yog qhov qub tshaj plaws carousel nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, uas yog lub ntsiab attraction rau cov qhua.

Technical Museum yog nrov hauv lub tebchaws. Thaum cov qhua ntawm lub nroog tau pom zoo tias yuav mus qhov twg hauv Prague, lawv twv yuav raug hu nws. Txhawm rau kom tau mus rau qhov khoom los ntawm kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev caij tsheb ciav hlau 1, 25, 12, 26, 8 mus rau Letenské Náměstí nres. Los ntawm muaj mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej - txog 5 feeb taug kev. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem mus tau yooj yim ntawm ko taw ntawm Old Town Square lossis Municipal House. Txoj kev taug kev yuav dhau los ntawm Letensky Gardens zoo nkauj, nws lub sijhawm yog li 20 feeb.

Sijhawm qhib: 9:00-18:00, pib muag 30 feeb ua ntej kaw. Lub National Technical Tsev khaws puav pheej muaj lub rooj zaum muaj log nkag. Tus nqi tag nrho ntawm daim pib nkag yog 1300 rubles. Muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov qhua, piv txwv li, rau pawg tsev kawm ntawv - 150 rubles. rau txhua tus me nyuam thiab 2 tus kws qhia ntawv nrog dawb. Cov pab pawg tsev kawm ntawv tuaj yeem yuav daim pib yam tsis muaj queuing, lawv tsis xav tau kev tshwj tseg. Kev nkag mus rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo yog pub dawb. Qhia cov kev pabcuam hauv Lavxias tus nqintawm 420 rubles. Tsuas yog CZK, credit thiab debit cards tau txais kev them nyiaj. Muaj chaw nres tsheb them rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.

Made in Czechoslovakia

Kev nthuav tawm ntawm kev lag luam ua tiav ntawm lub tebchaws yog mob siab rau cov khoom lag luam uas tsim hauv Czechoslovakia. Qhov kev nthuav qhia no nthuav cov khoom lag luam nto moo nrog cov ntawv "Ua hauv Czechoslovakia". Nws tau npaj rau lub sijhawm 100 xyoo ntawm kev tsim ntawm Czechoslovak Republic. Nws txoj hauj lwm yog xa cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg tuaj saib txog cov khoom nto moo ntawm Czechoslovak tuam txhab uas muag tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1918 mus 1992.

130 qhov khoom pov thawj tau nthuav tawm ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia. Cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem hnov cov huab cua ntawm lub sijhawm thaum cov khoom raug tso tawm los ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov khoom siv txhawb nqa. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Technical Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Prague hais txog kev nthuav qhia zoo heev uas muaj kev sib tham sib tham rau cov neeg tuaj saib xav paub ntxiv. Hauv chav ua si uas nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam, cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem ua si nrog cov khoom ua si uas lawv niam lawv txiv ua si thaum menyuam yaus. Txhua qhov khoom pov thawj yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab sawv cev rau keeb kwm kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm lub tebchaws.

Architecture thiab Civil Engineering

Architectural exposition nthuav qhia cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov khoom hauv Czech thaj av txij li ib nrab xyoo pua 19th mus rau niaj hnub no. Ntawm no, cov neeg tuaj xyuas tuaj yeem paub txog cov khoom siv engineering thiab kev tsim kho tshuab ntawm cov saw txuas hniav, cov tsev nrog cov ru tsev hlau thiab lwm yam khoom nrog cov qauv tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg tuaj saib yuav tau txais kev pom rau cov tuam tsev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam qauv ntawm keeb kwm architecture: Modernism, Cubism, Constructivism, Functionalism, Socialist Realism thiab cov vaj tsev loj loj prefabricated ntawm xyoo 1960. Lub tsev muaj cov qauv qub thiab cov qauv tshiab, suav nrog cov duab puab ntxiv, ntau yam kev kawm.

Lub rooj nthuav qhia muaj kev zoo siab mus ntsib cov tsev uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj hauv Art Nouveau thiab Cubist style, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv huab cua ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov tuam txhab tsim vaj tsev txij li xyoo 19th thiab 20th lossis kawm txog kev ua tiav ntawm Czechoslovak pavilion ntawm Expo 58 hauv Brussels.

Astronomical exposition

Nws tau xeeb los ua qhov kev nthuav dav tsis kawg ntawm lub qab ntuj khwb, tag nrho ntawm cov hnub qub ci ntsa iab hauv cov duab ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Qhov taw qhia ntawm cov cuab yeej elliptical "Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm astronomy" nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb hauv 6000 xyoo dhau los. Cov khoom qub tshaj plaws hauv kev sau, ze li ntawm 5,000 xyoo, yog lub meteorite pom nyob rau xyoo 2005 ntawm Campo del Cielo hauv Argentina.

Nyob rau hauv qhov thib ob ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia "Los ntawm Keeb Kwm ntawm Astronomical Instruments", rau tshooj thematic qhia cov cuab yeej siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm los ntawm 15th mus rau 20th caug xyoo. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev nthuav qhia yog hais txog 16th thiab 17th centuries, thaum lub chaw nyob ntawm Emperor Rudolf II nyob rau hauv Prague yog lub tsev rau cov nto moo tshaj plaws astronomers ntawm lub sij hawm - Tycho Brahe thiab Johannes Kepler.

Lub rooj nthuav qhia nthuav tawm cov cuab yeej tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws: armillaryspheres, pob, sundial thiab lwm yam khoom. Lub xyoo pua 18th tseem muaj qhov pom ntawm lub ntiaj teb zoo ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws kos duab, lej thiab cov neeg tsav nkoj nkoj. Cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej siv thiab kev pab cuam, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev ua tiav tshiab kawg hauv astronomy, tau nthuav tawm ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj.

History of transport

Lub tsev thauj khoom yog ib txwm nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Lub tsheb exhibition captures lub ntiaj teb no ntawm cov qub technology: thawj lub tsheb powered los ntawm internal combustion thiab chav cav, ntau lub maus taus qhia lawv txoj kev loj hlob los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th mus rau tam sim no, piv txwv ntawm railway technology, aircraft raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qab nthab.

Tseem muaj pob tawb balloon, Igo Etrich's glider. Cov khoom sau suav nrog cov dav hlau keeb kwm tshwj xeeb: Anatra DS, Traktor, Zlín Z XIII cov dav hlau ua si thiab ntau ntau lwm tus. Tag nrho cov no tsim ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb uas tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov tshuab muaj npe nrov thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo uas tau ua pov thawj tias lawv muaj nqis.

Kev nthuav tawm hauv cov lus piav qhia cais qhia tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho tsheb, maus taus, tsheb kauj vab, aviation thiab nkoj thauj. Kev ncig xyuas luv luv qhia txog cov khoom seem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev tsim kho hluav taws xob tua hluav taws hauv Czech thaj av - ob lub tshuab tsim hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov tshuab tuaj txawv teb chaws thiab ua haujlwm ntawm no.

Lub Tsheb Exhibition nthuav qhia Czech tsim cov tsheb. Ntawm nohais txog yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm NW Thawj Tswj Hwm lub tsheb los ntawm 1898, thawj tsim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Czech, thiab lub Kašpar JK aircraft los ntawm 1911, uas Jan Kašpar ua thawj lub dav hlau ntev nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Lwm cov khoom pov thawj suav nrog xyoo 1935 Tatra 80 siv los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm T. G. Masaryk thiab Supermarine Spitfire LF Mk. IXE fighter uas Czech pilots rov qab los rau kev ywj pheej Czechoslovakia.

Hlau yog txoj kev ntawm kev vam meej

Qhov kev nthuav qhia keeb kwm ntawm metallurgy nthuav qhia cov txuj ci thiab keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws. Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hlau tau sau tseg los ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm xyoo pua 9th Slavic ironworks.

Kev txhim kho ntawm cov hlau ntau lawm txhua theem yog sawv cev los ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom qub. Lub sijhawm ntawm Industrial Revolution, uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev tsim cov npua hlau thiab nws siv hauv engineering, thauj thiab kev tsim kho, yog qhia los ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th thee-fired blast furnaces ntawm Vojtešsk Hlau thiab Hlau Ua Haujlwm hauv Kladno, suav nrog thawj qhov cub tawg los ntawm 1856. Cov cuab yeej niaj hnub ntawm cov txheej txheem nruam hlau nruam kuj tau pom ntawm no.

Qhov thib ob ntawm kev nthuav tawm muaj plaub ntu thiab tau mob siab rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm hlau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los. Tam sim no, metallurgical exhibition ntawm National Technical Tsev khaws puav pheej yog tib lub hauv Czech koom pheej.

ntsuas lub sijhawm

Lub "Lub Sijhawm Ntsuas" muaj ntau yam khoom siv keeb kwm los ntsuas lub sijhawm: hnub ci, dej, hluav taws, xuab zeb, tshuab, nrog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob thiab, thaum kawg, quantum moos.

Qhov nthuav qhia qhia txog kev txhim kho sab hauv ntawm kev lag luam saib. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub teb chaws cov thev naus laus zis tau nrawm nrog qhov kev nce qib tshiab hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev siv zog ntawm Josef Bozek thiab Josef Kosek, uas nws cov hauj lwm kuj tau nthuav tawm hauv tsev cia puav pheej.

Ib feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw yog mob siab rau kev siv tshuab watchmaking. Cov neeg tuaj saib tuaj yeem pom ntau yam khoom siv thiab khoom siv. Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev nthuav qhia yog chav audiovisual, uas qhia txog zaj duab xis ntxim nyiam uas hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm.

khoom siv hauv tsev

Nyob ze yog qhov tshiab "Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Tsev" nthuav qhia, uas qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm cov cuab yeej siv los pab cov poj niam ua haujlwm: tu, ntxuav, ironing, xaws, ua noj, thiab lwm yam. Nws qhia cov neeg tuaj saib txog cov khoom siv twg thiab lawv nyob li cas siv nyob rau hauv lawv lub hnub.

Muaj ib lub TV studio nyob rau 3rd pem teb ntawm National Technical Museum. Lub rooj nthuav qhia tau tsim los ntawm kev koom tes nrog Czech TV thiab nta cov cuab yeej thiab rooj tog siv thaum xyoo 1997 thiab 2011 hauv SK8 studio complex hauv Kavcik Hori rau xov xwm tshaj tawm.

Lub rooj nthuav qhia tau saib nrog cov lus qhia uas piav qhia thiab qhia cov neeg tuaj saib seb lub studio ua haujlwm li cas. Cov qhua tuaj yeem sim lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus tshaj tawm xov xwm,meteorologist, tus neeg teb xov tooj thiab tus thawj coj. Lwm tus neeg tuaj saib xyuas hauv lub studio los ntawm lub iav phab ntsa los ntawm ib qho chaw nyob sib ze, qhov twg cov ntawv nyeem thiab cov kev sib tham sib tham muab cov ntaub ntawv nthuav dav.

Printing routes

Keeb kwm ntawm kev luam ntawv, txuas rau kev tsim cov phau ntawv, ntawv xov xwm, ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv luam tawm, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv Czech koom pheej. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cav tov thiab cov cuab yeej, cov neeg tuaj saib rau lub exhibition muaj lub cib fim kom paub txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov yooj yim printing technologies los ntawm ancient sij hawm mus rau tam sim no.

Qhov chaw sib raug tau muab rau Czechs Jakub Gusnik thiab Karel Klich, uas, nrog lawv cov khoom tsim, muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev loj hlob ntawm kev luam ntawv. Cov ntawv sau suav nrog phau ntawv luam ntawv los ntawm Jesuit lub tsev luam ntawv hauv Prague thaum tig ntawm 17th thiab 18th centuries, MAN disk rotary xovxwm los ntawm 1876, ua rau tus tswv xeev xovxwm hauv Prague. Nov yog thawj lub tshuab ntawm hom no siv hauv Czech koom pheej thiab ib qho ntawm ob peb seem nyob hauv Europe.

Ib feem ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia yog tsim los ua kev cob qhia, qhov uas koj tuaj yeem xyaum ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej luam ntawv lossis tsim cov duab kos duab. Tseem muaj cov chav kawm kos duab. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej tau npaj ua si rau cov menyuam yaus uas nthuav tawm cov lus zais ntawm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv qub.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws

Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Hauv Tebchaws hauv Prague tau 110 xyoo tau tuaj xyuas los ntawm ntau lab tus pej xeem hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov neeg tuaj ncig txawv tebchaws. 14 qhov kev nthuav qhia zoo nyob ruaj khov raws li kev tshawb fawb, nyob rau ntawm rau saum av thiab peb hauv avpem teb.

Cov khoom zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov qauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm tib neeg, kev txawj ntse sib cuam tshuam hauv kev nthuav tawm ntawm peb lub sijhawm, tsis tuaj yeem tso leej twg tsis quav ntsej. Ntau tus neeg tuaj saib zoo siab los qhia lawv cov lus qhia:

Lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj rau menyuam yaus tsom mus rau kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam.
Lub tsev khaws puav pheej zoo tshaj plaws rau tsev neeg hnub so, muaj rau txhua tus qhua hauv nroog thaum lawv pom zoo kom mus qhov twg hauv Prague.
Tom qab kev tsim kho dua tshiab, cov neeg siv kev sib tham sib tham tau tshwm sim uas pab cov neeg tuaj saib kom npog ntau qhov kev sau ntawm kev nthuav tawm.
Cov khoom ntim loj, suav nrog rau 6 pem teb ntawm kev thauj mus los, architecture thiab engineering engineering, luam ntawv, mining, astronomy, watchmaking, yees duab thiab khoom siv hauv tsev.
Ib qho chaw tsheb thauj mus los zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau sab nraum lub tsev nrog lub rooj nthuav dav triple-siab uas muaj lub tsheb kauj vab, maus taus, tsheb, tsheb ciav hlau, dav hlau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qab nthab, thiab txawm tias lub zais pa piav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho hauv Czech tsheb thauj mus los.
Lub tsev luam ntawv coj los ua lub tsev luam ntawv tsis tu ncua nrog cov ntawv luam tawm, cov ntawv luam tawm los ntawm ntau lub sijhawm, ntawv xov xwm thiab cov tshuab luam ntawv thiab hais txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm hauv kev txhim kho lub teb chaws tus kheej ntawm lub teb chaws.

Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Hauv Tebchaws yog qhov chaw uas cov khoom tsim tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Czechoslovakia nyob rau ib puas xyoo dhau los tau sau tseg. Nws nyuaj rau prejudices nyob rau hauvzej zog hais txog qhov raug liam tias tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev nthuav qhia kev tshaj lij, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhia tias lawv tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau kev nkag siab txog kev vam meej ntawm tib neeg hauv txhua qhov ntau ntawm lub neej.