Fabkis tus kws sau ntawv Jean-Philippe Rameau: biography, muaj tswv yim thiab nthuav qhov tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:07

Jean-Philippe Rameau yog tus kws sau nkauj nrov hauv Fabkis, nto moo rau nws cov kev sim suab paj nruag. Nws nto moo thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Europe, ua haujlwm hauv tsev hais plaub rau tus huab tais Fabkis. Nws nkag mus rau keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb suab paj nruag raws li ib tug theorist ntawm lub Baroque sib, tus creator ntawm ib tug tshiab operatic style. Peb yuav qhia nws cov ncauj lus ntxaws ntxaws hauv kab lus no.

Composer's biography

Jean-Philippe Rameau yug hauv 1683. Nws yug hauv Fab Kis lub nroog Dijon.

Nws txiv yog ib tug cev nqaij daim tawv, yog li ntawd tus me nyuam tub tau qhia rau suab paj nruag txij thaum yau. Yog li ntawd, nws kawm tau cov ntawv sau ua ntej nws kawm cov tsiaj ntawv. Jean-Philippe Rameau tau kawm hauv tsev kawm Jesuit. Nws niam nws txiv txhawb nqa nws txoj kev mob siab rau suab paj nruag. Yog li ntawd, sai li sai tau thaum nws muaj 18 xyoo, nws raug xa mus rau Ltalis los txhim kho nws txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag. Jean-Philippe Rameau kawm hauv Milan.

Rov qab mus rau nws lub tebchaws, nws thawj zaug tau txais txoj haujlwm ua nkauj ua yeeb yaj kiab hauv ib lub suab paj nruag hauv nroog Montpellier, tom qab ntawd ua raws nws txiv txoj kev taug, pibua hauj lwm raws li ib tug organist. Nws tas li ua yeeb yam hauv Lyon, nws haiv neeg Dijon, Clermont-Ferrand.

Nyob rau hauv 1722, Jean-Philippe Rameau, uas nws biography yog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, thaum kawg nyob rau hauv Paris. Nws pib sau nkauj rau lub peev lub theatre. Nws yog noteworthy uas nws sau tsis tau tsuas yog secular, tab sis kuj rau sab ntsuj plig tej hauj lwm. Xyoo 1745 nws tau raug xaiv tsa tsev hais plaub hauv tsev hais plaub ntawm Louis XV tus Hlub.

Ntau yam haujlwm nto moo

Lub koob meej rau tus phab ej ntawm peb tsab xov xwm coj cov haujlwm secular. Jean-Philippe Rameau tau tsim ntau daim rau harpsichord, uas tau nrov heev nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th uas lawv txawm pib ua si thiab kawm hauv cov menyuam lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag. Tsis tas li ntawm nws cov hauj lwm nws tsim nyog sau cia ntau li tsib concertos rau violin, harpsichord thiab viola, cov yam ntxwv daim uas txawv los ntawm ib tug kaj thiab nco style.

Tus kws sau ntawv kuj muaj cov haujlwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov no yog peb Latin motets, uas yog, polyphonic vocal tej hauj lwm uas tau nrov heev nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv Western Europe, tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance.

Ntawm cov yeeb yam nrov los ntawm Rameau, ib qho yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov haujlwm "Nqaij qaib", "Tambourine", "Hammers", "Dauphine", "Bird Call"

Kev sim suab paj nruag

Hnub no, Ramo feem ntau hu ua tus kws sim suab paj nruag bold. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau nws teem thwmsim thaum sau plays rauharpsichord. Rameau tau sim nrog kev sib dhos, kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev ntxhib los mos. Cov neeg koom tes ncaj qha hu nws lub rooj cob qhia lub chaw sim muaj tswv yim.

Piv txwv ntawm cov yeeb yam "Cyclops" thiab "Savages" yog qhov qhia. Nyob rau hauv lawv, Rameau tau tswj kom ua tiav lub suab zoo heev vim qhov txawv txav ntawm hom tonal. Nws yog heev inventive thiab txawv txawv rau lub suab paj nruag tej hauj lwm ntawm lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv daim "Enharmonic" Rameau yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no siv enharmonic modulations, uas yog, nws siv suab, chords, ncua sij hawm thiab cov yuam sij uas coincided nyob rau hauv qhov siab, uas nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tseem txawv nyob rau hauv spelling.

Instrument of Jean-Philippe Rameau - lub cev. Nws kuj rov sim dua, ua tiav lub suab tshiab.

New opera style

Jean-Philippe Rameau tsim ib qho kev ua haujlwm tshiab. Qhov no yog dab tsi nws yog nto moo tshaj plaws rau ntawm nws contemporaries. Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas nws los ntawm cov suab paj nruag nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tus sau. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog "Hippolytus thiab Arisia".

Nov yog nws thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam, lub libretto uas tau sau los ntawm Simon Joseph Pellegrin. Qhov kev ua yeeb yam yog ua raws li qhov xwm txheej nto moo ntawm Racine hu ua "Phaedra", uas, dhau los, tau sau los ntawm qhov xwm txheej "Hippolytus" los ntawm Euripides thiab "Phaedra" los ntawm Seneca.

Nco ntsoov, qhov kev ua yeeb yam no tsuas yog ib qho los ntawm Rameau uas tsis nyiam los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Tab sis nws kuj ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Adherents ntawm opera kab lig kev cai ntseeg hais tias nws hloov tawm mus ua heev nyuaj thiab dag. Cov neeg txhawb nqaRamo's suab paj nruag raug txwv rau txhua txoj hauv kev.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas Ramo sau nws thawj opera thaum nws muaj 50 xyoo. Ua ntej ntawd, nws tau raug hu ua tus sau ua haujlwm ntawm kev xav suab paj nruag thiab sau cov ntawv yooj yim rau harpsichord. Rameau nws tus kheej tau ua haujlwm ntau xyoo los tsim ib txoj haujlwm zoo tsim nyog ntawm Royal Opera, tab sis nrhiav tsis tau ib tus kws sau ntawv uas yuav pab nws paub txog txoj kev npaj no. Tsuas yog paub nrog Abbé Pellegrin, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd twb paub tias yog tus sau libretto rau lub Opera "Jephthaia", tau cawm qhov xwm txheej.

Pellegrin pom zoo koom tes, tab sis, raws li cov lus xaiv, tau thov daim ntawv cog lus los ntawm Rameau yog tias txoj haujlwm ua tsis tiav. Ib qho ntawm cov kev hloov tshiab tseem ceeb uas tus kws sau nkauj tau siv hauv qhov kev ua yeeb yam no yog kev sib txuas uas tshwm sim ntawm qhov overtures thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm opera nws tus kheej. Yog li nws tau tswj hwm los piav qhia qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm - Hippolyta thiab Phaedra.

Ramo txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov qauv kev ua yeeb yam tshiab hauv operas "Castor thiab Pollux", opera-ballet "Gallant India", cov haujlwm "Dardanus", "Feasts of Hebe, lossis Lyrical Gifts", "Naida", "Said", "Zoroaster", "Boreads", lub lyrical comedy "Platea". Feem ntau ntawm cov operas tau ua thawj zaug ntawm Paris Opera.

Hnub no, xya cantatas tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam tshaj plaws, uas tsis tau luam tawm thaum nws lub neej. Feem ntau cov choristers kuj ua nws "Hymn of the Night". Txawm li cas los xij, tsis ntev los no nws tau paub tias qhov no tsis yogKev ua haujlwm los ntawm Rameau, thiab tom qab hloov kho lub ntsiab lus los ntawm opera "Hippolyte thiab Aricia" los ntawm Noyon.

Treatises ntawm Music Theory

Ib zaug, Rameau tau muaj npe nrov raws li tus kws qhia suab paj nruag loj, ua tsaug rau tus uas Fabkis classical music thiab opera tau nce mus deb. Nyob rau hauv 1722 nws luam tawm lub npe nrov "Treatise on Harmony Txom Nyem rau nws Natural Principles".

Tseem muaj npe nrov thiab tseem ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv nws txoj haujlwm hauv txoj hauv kev ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm harpsichord thiab lub cev, kev tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ntawm kev sib haum xeeb, ua qauv qhia ntawm nws lub hauv paus, kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus neeg txoj kev nyiam rau suab paj nruag.

Nyob rau xyoo 1760, nws cov lus qhuab qhia "Txoj Cai ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam" ua rau muaj kev sib tham ntev.

Composer lees paub

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau nkauj, nws tau hnov qab sai sai, txij li Rameau tau hloov pauv los ntawm tus neeg hloov kho uas tseem ceeb dua Christoph Gluck, uas tau tsim ib qho kev ua yeeb yam tshiab. Thoob plaws yuav luag tag nrho lub xyoo pua 19th, Rameau cov haujlwm tsis tau ua. Nws cov suab paj nruag tau ua tib zoo kawm tsuas yog los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv lawv tus kheej. Piv txwv li, Richard Wagner thiab Hector Berlioz pom kev txaus siab.

Tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, cov haujlwm ntawm Rameau pib rov qab mus rau theem. Niaj hnub no nws tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg paub zoo ntawm Fabkis cov suab paj nruag, ib qho ntawm cov neeg muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm ib nrab xyoo pua.

Ib lub qhov tsua ntawm lub ntiaj teb Mercury txawm muaj lub npe hu ua tus sau.