Hnub no, Kyrgyzstan yog ib qho ntawm peb tus thawj coj tsim khoom thiab xa tawm hluav taws xob ntawm CIS lub teb chaws, tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib txwm muaj. Txog rau xyoo 1917, tsuas yog 5 lub chaw siv hluav taws xob me me thiab cov chaw nres tsheb diesel ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub tebchaws, uas tsuas yog txaus rau txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, los ntawm 1940 muaj ntau lub tshuab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim, tab sis lawv tsis txaus. Txhua yam hloov pauv xyoo 1975, thaum Toktogul HPP raug txib.
chaw cog hluav taws xob
Txhawm rau npog cov kev xav tau ntawm cov koom pheej hauv hluav taws xob, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim Toktogul hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb ntawm Naryn River hauv Kyrgyzstan, uas tau pib xyoo 1962. Qhov chaw rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb yog ib tug nqaim gorge nrog ib tug tob ntawm 1,500 meters nyob rau hauv lub roob ntawm lub Central Tien Shan ntawm qhov tawm ntawm tus dej Naryn los ntawm lub Ketmen-Tyube hav, nrog ib tug txoj kab nqes ntawm 65 - 70 °. Cov qauv ntawm lub tuam txhab hluav taws xob yav tom ntej tau tsim los rau hauv tus account qhov nce seismicity ntawm cheeb tsam.
Tsev tsim kho tshuab
Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov xwm txheej uas nws yuav tsum uakev tsim kho yuav tsum tsis yog tus qauv engineering daws teeb meem. Ntawm no, thawj zaug, thev naus laus zis ntawm txheej txheej los ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov pob zeb hla thaj chaw loj tau thov siv cov tsheb laij teb tshwj xeeb tsim hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem ntawm craneless concreting, siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm Toktogul HPP pas dej ua ke, tso cai rau txo tus nqi, txo lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm thiab ua kom cov neeg ua hauj lwm tsim tau. Cov txheej txheem no ntawm kev tsim cov pob zeb loj loj los ua lub npe hu ua Toktokul method.
Dam thiab Fais Fab
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv dag zog zoo kawg yog lub pas dej ua ke nrog qhov siab ntawm 215 thiab qhov ntev ntawm 292.5 meters, suav nrog lub hauv paus thiab rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv. Tag nrho cov ntim ntawm cov pob zeb tso rau hauv cov qauv yog 3.2 lab cubic meters. Niaj hnub no, ntau tshaj li ob txhiab lub cuab yeej saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm lub pas dej ua ke. Qhov ntev ntawm lub pas dej ua ke thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm nws tus qauv tsim tuaj yeem nkag siab txawm tias los ntawm daim duab ntawm Toktogul HPP.
Lub tsev ntawm lub tuam tsev fais fab nws tus kheej nrog plaub chav hydraulic nyob rau hauv ob kab nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke los ntawm cov nqes hav. Cov nroj tsuag radial-axial turbines tsav hydrogenerators nrog tag nrho cov peev txheej ntawm 1,200,000 kW. Lub zog yog muab los ntawm plaub kauj ruam-up transformers txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nyob rau hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm theem ntawm chav tshuab.
Toktogul waterworks
Ntxiv rau lub pas dej da dej thiab lub tsev tsim hluav taws xob, Toktogul hydroelectric complex muaj xws li turbine dej conduits, reservoir, switchgear, ob qhov tob thiab ib qho.nto spillway.
Dej mus rau lub turbines ntawm Toktogul HPP los ntawm plaub qhov chaw nyob hauv nruab nrab ntu ntawm lub pas dej thiab muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 7.5 meters. Txoj Kev Kub Ntxhov Kub Kub yog ua los ntawm kev siv lub qhov dej ntws tawm nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 900 cubic meters ib ob, thiab cov spillways tob nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 30 meters, sib tshooj los ntawm cov rooj vag tshwj xeeb.
Qhib switchgear ntawm Toktogul hydroelectric complex yog tsim raws li ib tug quadrangular tswvyim. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm thaj av, muaj kev phom sij ntau ntxiv ntawm pob zeb ntog, tsis muaj av tiaj tus thiab qhov dav ntawm lub qhov kwg ua rau qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv qhov deb ntawm 3.5 mais ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, hauv hav Kara-Suu River.
Toktogul reservoir
Surrounded los ntawm cov roob majestic, lub reservoir ntawm Toktogul hydroelectric fais fab chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv lub Ketmen-Tyube hav thiab yog lub loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Central Asia. Qhov ntev ntawm lub cev dej no zoo kawg nkaus - nws muaj qhov ntev ntawm 65 km, thiab hauv qee qhov chaw qhov tob txog 120 meters. Qhov chaw ntawm lub reservoir yog hais txog 285 square kilometers, lub ntim ntawm cov dej yog 195 billion cubic meters. Nws qhov filling pib thaum xyoo 1973 thiab tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm cog hluav taws xob pib.
Kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Thawj qhov teeb meem hnav thiab tsim kua muag tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2008, thaum cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau nres ib qho ntawm cov chav nyob tom qab pom tias muaj roj ntau hauv cov turbine bearing vim cov hlab tawg.roj txias.
Kaum Ob Hlis 27, 2012 hauv Kyrgyzstan tau tshaj tawm tias yog hom kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov xwm txheej kub ntxhov ntawm Toktogul HPP. Qhov kev huam yuaj tshwm sim ntawm hydroelectric unit 4. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij tom qab tau tshaj tawm, nws tau pom tias lub labyrinth foob nyob rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub log raug torn, tiv thaiv dej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv qab lub turbine npog, vim tias qhov siab dhau los tsim muaj, uas ua rau cov neeg tsis muaj zog. cov txheej txheem. Txawm hais tias thawj nqe lus hais txog qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej, nws tau hais tom qab hais tias qhov teeb meem tam sim no tau ua kom zam dhau qhov xwm txheej loj zoo ib yam li qhov tshwm sim ntawm Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP.
2015-2016
Cov xwm txheej ntawm xyoo 2012 tsis yog ib qho ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm Toktogul HPP nkaus xwb. Lub lim tiam kawg ntawm lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2015, ob qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 23, lub transformer ntawm hydroelectric unit No. 2 tau tawg, thiab thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, vim yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob, cov roj xau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob high-voltage cables. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev tsim hluav taws xob tau raug txo qis - mus rau 600 MW. Ib xyoos tom qab, thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, 2016, muaj kev huam yuaj tshwm sim dua ntawm Toktogul HPP. Cov kws tsim hluav taws xob rov tso dej rau chav dej No. 2 - nws cov cuab yeej pabcuam ua tsis tiav.
Cov teeb meem tsis tu ncua ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tau ua rau tsoomfwv Kyrgyzstan txiav txim siab pib tsim kho thiab kho tshiab ntawm lub teb chaws qhov chaw nres tsheb hluav taws xob loj tshaj plaws. Nws cia siab tias tom qab ua tiav kev ua haujlwm, lub peev xwm ntawm Toktogul HPP yuav nce 240 MW, thiab tag nrho lub sijhawm.kev pab cuam lub neej yuav nce 35-40 xyoo. Kev tsim kho dua tshiab tau ua nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws, cov nqi npaj yuav tshaj $ 400 lab.
