Monument to Alexander 3 hauv Moscow, St. Petersburg thiab lwm lub nroog Lavxias

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Kev kav ntawm Alexander III kav 13 xyoo. Nws raug hu ua tus huab tais-peacemaker. Nws yog nws leej twg, los ntawm nws txoj cai, pib kev tsim kho ntawm Trans-Siberian Railway hauv 1886. Nws raug suav hais tias yog tus thawj coj ntawm txoj kev Siberian. Nws nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tsim kho, yog li nws tau hais kom nws tso nws tus tub, Tsarevich Nikolai. Nws tshwm sim thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1891, thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau yav tom ntej pib tsim hauv Vladivostok.

Planning

Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm Emperor Alexander 3 thiab nws cov kev pabcuam rau Russia, nws tau txiav txim siab los txhim kho 3 monuments. Thawj ntawm lawv yog thaum pib ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, uas yog, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, lub thib ob yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Siberian seem, nyob rau hauv Irkutsk, thiab lub thib peb yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm ceg, uas tau xaus nyob rau hauv Vladivostok.. Tab sis cov phiaj xwm no tsuas yog nyob hauv daim ntawv xwb. Thaum kawg, lub monument tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv Irkutsk.

thawj monument

Nws tau tsim los rau lub sijhawm ua tiav kev tsim kho ntawm Trans-Siberian Railway. Lub monument rau Alexander 3 tau tsa nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm no grandiose rail khiav, nyob rau hauv Irkutsk, nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej ntawm lub Angara, cia li opposite Bolshoi Street (tam sim no Karl Marx).

Qhov kev tshwm sim no tau ua ntej los ntawm Kev Sib Tw Txhua-Lavxias teb sab, nrog rau tau txais kev tso cai los sau nyiaj rau nws cov kev tsim thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws, vim tias tsis muaj nyiaj hauv lub txhab nyiaj rau lub tuam tsev zoo li no. Qhov kev sib tw tau yeej los ntawm Academician R. R. Bach. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, nws twb paub txog nws lub monument rau AS Pushkin, ntsia nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye Selo thiab lub monument rau M. I. Glinka nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Bach qhov project tau xaiv vim nws lub tswv yim yooj yim thiab pheej yig. Nws txiav txim siab los txhim kho tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug monument rau Alexander 3, tab sis nyob rau hauv feem ntau ib tug zoo kawg nkaus keeb kwm tshwm sim, uas yog tsim ntawm lub Trans-Siberian Railway. Feem ntau, qhov project tau pom zoo tam sim ntawd thiab tsis xav tau kev txhim kho ntxiv tom ntej. Qhov tsuas yog qhov uas yuav tsum tau hloov pauv yog qhov loj ntawm tus huab tais daim duab. Nws tau ncua ntev li ib thiab ib nrab meters.

Kev piav qhia ntawm lub monument hauv Irkutsk

Alexander 3 tau nthuav tawm hauv Ataman cov khaub ncaws, nrog cov ris tsho dav hauv cov khau. Qhov no yog li cas Siberian Cossacks feem ntau hnav khaub ncaws. Qhov siab ntawm lub monument yog hais txog 5 m, thiab tag nrho monument yog hais txog 11 m.

Academician Bach tau tswj hwm los tsim tag nrho cov vaj tse thiab cov duab puab uas tau qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm Siberia. Lub monument nws tus kheej tau nrum nyob rau hauv St. Facade ntawm lub monument los ntawm tag nrho cov ces kaumdecorated nrog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab: tag nrho-Siberian, lub xeev Yenisei, lub nroog ntawm Irkutsk thiab Yakutsk. Tag nrho cov duab tau muab tso rau ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug ca nyem. Thiab lub cim kev sib sau ntawm Siberia tau sawv cev los ntawm garlands thiab chains nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab.

Tseem nyob rau sab ntawm lub pedestal yog 3 siab nyem rau Yermak thiab ob tug Siberian tus thawj tswj hwm - N. N. Muravyov-Amursky thiab M. M. Speransky. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej yog ib tug ob-lub taub hau dav dav tuav ib tug scroll nrog tus huab tais txoj cai nyob rau hauv nws claws.

Lub monument rau Alexander 3 hauv Irkutsk tau qhib rau lub Yim Hli 30, 1908. Lub laj kab rau nws tsuas yog ua tom qab 4 xyoo. Nws yog cam khwb cia hlau lattice, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog paj ornaments, nrog rau cov duab ntawm George lub Victorious. Teeb teeb tau teeb tsa hauv cov ces kaum ntawm cov ncej granite. Qhov project kuj pom tias tawg ib lub xwmfab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas lub monument yuav sawv. Ua hauj lwm rau nws creation pib ntev ua ntej qhib lub monument. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Alexander Square tau nrov heev nrog cov neeg nyob hauv nroog thiab nws qhov kev nyiam.

Kev puas tsuaj

Hmoov tsis zoo, tag nrho cov kev zoo nkauj no tau luv luv. Tom qab qhov kawg yeej ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig, nyob rau hauv 1920, nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm May Day, lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Irkutsk raug pov tseg, tshwj tsis yog lub pedestal nws tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd, daim duab ntawm tus huab tais raug coj mus rau lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev uas East Siberian Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob. Tom qab ntawd nws tau yaj lawm.

Txog xyoo 1964, lub pedestal twb khoob mus txog thaumNws tsis tau tsim ib qho kev ua vaj tse obelisk, ua raws li qhov project ntawm tus kws kos duab nto moo V. P. Shmatkov. Thiab ua ntej ntawd, nyob rau lub sijhawm sib txawv, nws tau thov kom muab cov mlom ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, Lenin thiab Shelikhov rau ntawm nws, tab sis ob txhais tes tsis tau mus txog. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, raws li txoj kev npaj rau lub reconstruction ntawm lub nroog, ib feem ntawm lub vaj Alexander raug puas tsuaj.

Kev ua si

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua no, lawv pib xav txog kev kho lub qub monument rau Alexander 3, txij li thaum lub pre-revolutionary postcard nrog nws cov duab tau pom nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ntawm lub zos tsev cia puav pheej ntawm lub zos lore. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv paus uas sketches ntawm tus tshiab bronze daim duab ntawm tus huab tais tau ua. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 2003, lub monument regained nws qub tsos thiab coj nws qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum ntawm lub qub txoj kev: Naberezhnaya thiab Bolshoy.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub monument hauv St. Petersburg

Lub monument tau txib los ntawm Emperor Nicholas II thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm nws tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe. Italian sculptor P. P. Trubetskoy tau raug xaiv los ua txoj haujlwm no. Pib xyoo 1897 thiab rau 9 xyoo tom ntej, nws nyob hauv Russia. Tus qauv ntawm cov duab puab yog tsim los ntawm Trubetskoy nyob rau hauv St. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ua ib lub pavilion ntawm hlau thiab iav. Nws nyob ntawm Staro-Nevsky Prospekt. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tus sculptor tsim 14 qauv: 2 raws li qhov loj ntawm lub monument nws tus kheej, 4 lub neej-loj thiab 8 me me.

Tus mlom tooj liab kuj tau cam los ntawm Italian caster E. Sperati. Lub monument rau Alexander 3 muaj ob feem. Thawj ntawm lawv - daim duab ntawm tus huab tais - tau ua nyob rau hauv lub foundry ntawm C. A. Robecchi. Qhov thib ob ntawm cov duab puab yogtus nees uas tau nchuav rau ntawm lub Hoobkas Obukhov.

Tus kws kes duab vajtse F. O. Shekhtel ua haujlwm ntawm lub pedestal, uas tau kos nws los ntawm liab Valaam granite. Nws siab tshaj 3 meters. Lub inscription "Rau Emperor Alexander III - lub sovereign tus tsim ntawm txoj kev Siberian" yog carved rau nws.

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias txij thaum pib, Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich tsis txaus siab rau Trubetskoy txoj haujlwm. Nws hais tias lub monument no yog ib tug caricature ntawm nws tus kwv. Tab sis tus poj ntsuam ntawm tus huab tais hais lus tiv thaiv tus sculptor, uas pom ib tug meej portrait zoo li nws tus txiv lig. Nws yog nws uas tau pab txhawb kom tiav ntawm lub monument. Thaum kawg, lub Tsib Hlis 23, 1909, lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tau qhib nyob rau hauv ib tug solemn cua.

Txoj hmoo ntawm monument

Xyoo 1919, tom qab kev yeej ntawm Bolsheviks, cov paj huam uas sau los ntawm D. Poor hu ua "Scarecrow" raug tsoo tawm ntawm lub pedestal. Yim xyoo tom qab, thaum lub 10th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub kiv puag ncig tau ua kev zoo siab, lub monument tau muab ntim rau hauv ib lub tawb hlau los kho lub square, thiab ib tug rauj thiab rab ntaj nrog inscription "USSR" tau muab tso rau ntawm nws.

20 xyoo tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, lub monument raug rhuav tshem tag nrho. Txog rau xyoo 1953, nws tau khaws cia rau hauv chav tsev khaws khoom ntawm Lavxias Tsev khaws puav pheej, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau nqa thiab muab tso rau hauv lub tshav puam. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-90s, nws tau txiav txim siab tsiv lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv St. Ntawm Marble Palace, sab xis nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws nkag, qhov twg ceg ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tsev khaws puav pheej yog tam sim no nyob, lub monument stands. Tsis ntev tas los no, cov tub ceev xwm xav txog nwstsiv mus rau nws qhov chaw qub, piv txwv li, mus rau Vosstaniya Square, tab sis tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab txog qhov teeb meem no.

Monument rau Emperor hauv Moscow

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub monument no tau siv sijhawm li 12 xyoos, pib xyoo 1900. Ntxiv rau sculptor A. M. Opekushin, tus kws kes duab vajtse A. N. Pomerantsev tau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov project ntawm lub monument raws li tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse thiab engineer K. A. Greinert, uas yog tus saib xyuas cov hauj lwm. Ntau tshaj 2.5 lab rubles tau sau rau nws kev tsim kho, thiab qhov no yog ib qho nyiaj ntau heev rau lub sijhawm ntawd.

Lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Moscow tau qhib thaum kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis 1912, ntawm Prechistenskaya embankment, ntawm lub square ze ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej. Lub ceremony nws tus kheej yog heev pompous. Nws tau koom nrog Emperor Nicholas 2 nrog nws tus poj niam thiab cov menyuam yaus, txhua tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Xeev thiab Lub Xeev Duma, cov thawj coj, cov neeg saib xyuas, cheeb tsam thiab lub xeev marshals ntawm cov nom tswv, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau lub koom haum pej xeem thiab ntau lwm tus. Lwm yam

Kev piav qhia ntawm Moscow monument

Lub monument yog ua los ntawm tooj dag thiab qhia txog tus huab tais zaum ntawm lub zwm txwv. Ntawm no nws yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov muaj koob muaj npe regalia, nrog rau lub orb thiab lub scepter nyob rau hauv nws txhais tes, raws li zoo raws li lub crown ntawm nws lub taub hau, nrog porphyry pov saum nws lub xub pwg nyom, uas yog, lub mantle ntawm huab tais, uas tau nqis los ntawm ib tug pedestal. liab granite. Hauv qab daus ib feem ntawm lub pedestal tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog plaub lub taub hau ob lub taub hau crowned eagles nrog outstretched tis cam khwb cia hlau. Tus sculptor A. L. Ober ua haujlwm rau lawv.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias lub monument rau Alexander 3 tau txhawb nqa tag nrho lub koom txoos ntawm Khetos tus Cawm Seej. Tom ntej no mus rau tus pej thuam ntawm huab tais yogib tug granite balustrade tau teem, nrog rau ib tug zoo kawg nkaus staircase ua rau dej nws tus kheej.

Tu siab, lub monument zoo nkauj no tsuas muaj 6 xyoo xwb. Nws raug puas tsuaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1918 thaum Soviet thawj coj tsiv mus rau Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, ob peb daim duab ntawm nws tau khaws cia. Lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Moscow yog tej zaum lub majestic tshaj. Lub pedestal sab laug tom qab nws puas tsuaj sawv mus txog rau thaum 1931, thaum lub Cathedral ntawm Tswv Yexus tus Cawm Seej nws tus kheej raug rhuav tshem.

Monument in Novosibirsk

Nws ntseeg tias qhov pom ntawm lub nroog no tau raug txiav txim siab ua ntej los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Emperor Alexander 3 thaum pib ntawm kev tsim kho Trans-Siberian Railway. Thawj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau nyob rau hauv cov chaw no yog hu ua Aleksandrovsky nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tsar. Tom qab ntawd nws hloov mus rau hauv ib lub nroog thiab tau hloov npe hu ua Novonikolaevsk, txij li kev tsim kho ntawm Trans-Siberian Railway tau saib xyuas los ntawm yav tom ntej huab tais Nicholas 2. Tam sim no nws yog ib thiab ib nrab lab niaj hnub lub nroog.

Lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk tau tig mus ua heev majestic - nws qhov siab ncav cuag 13 m. Lub monument tau ntsia rau ntawm picturesque Ob embankment. Nws yog ua los ntawm bronze, thiab lub pedestal yog ua los ntawm granite. Nws sab qis tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov ntawv sau los ntawm cov ntawv sau siab tshaj plaws ntawm huab tais uas kev tsim kho ntawm Trans-Siberian Railway pib. Tus sau ntawm qhov project yog Tib neeg Artist ntawm Russia Salavat Shcherbakov.

Lub sijhawm qhib lub monument rau Alexander 3 yog lub sijhawm los ua ke nrog Hnub ntawm lub nroog, uas muaj hnub nyoog 119 xyoo. Lub ceremony pib thaum ib tag hmo los ntawm 23 txog 24Lub Rau Hli 2012. Cov neeg tuaj saib tau nthuav tawm nrog cov ntaub ntawv yees duab thiab xov xwm tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus loj. Lawv tau mob siab rau keeb kwm nplua nuj ntawm lub nroog no. Kwv yees li 5 txhiab tus neeg tuaj saib lub monument rau Alexander 3 nyob rau hauv Novosibirsk thiab nws qhib. Tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Alexander 3, Pavel Kulikov, uas yog ib tug pej xeem ntawm Denmark, kuj nyob ntawm no. Cov neeg tim khawv hais tias nws sab nraud zoo li tus huab tais yog qhov zoo heev.