Balaklava Bay yog qhov kev xav thib yim hauv ntiaj teb. Tsawg kawg, qhov no yog qhov uas cov neeg nyob hauv Crimea xav. Peb tuaj yeem pom zoo nrog lawv, vim qhov no yog qhov chaw tshwj xeeb.
Balaklava Bay tshwm sim los ntawm qhov ua txhaum tectonic. Qhov nkag mus rau nws yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub capes ntawm George thiab Kuron. Lub bay muaj ib tug nkhaus, nws yog zais los ntawm lub roob, yuav luag tsis pom los ntawm lub hiav txwv. Cov dej nyob rau hauv lub bay yog ib txwm nyob ntsiag to, txawm tias muaj cua daj cua dub npau taws rau ntawm ntug hiav txwv siab. Qhov no tshwm sim yog txuam nrog lub ntuj zoo ntawm lub bay. Nws zoo li tsab ntawv S. Balaklava Bay nyob rau hauv Crimea yog undoubtedly ib qho ntawm feem ntau mus xyuas.
Kev piav qhia
Lub bay me - nws qhov ntev yog 1500 meters, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog 425 meters. Qhov tob ntawm Balaklava Bay txawv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm 5 mus rau 36 meters. Qhov nqaim winding nkag mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj ua rau nws yuav luag tsis pom los ntawm hiav txwv. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, Balaklava Bay tau ntev tsis yog tsuas yog qhov chaw nkaum ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv los ntawm cua daj cua dub. Tsis muaj lwm yam zoo li qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub.
History
ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Balaklava Bay tau muaj neeg nyob txij thaum immemorial. Nyob rau xyoo pua 6 ua ntejAD Cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw tau nyob ntawm no, ntau tom qab cov Greeks thaum ub tau nyob hauv cov chaw no. Lawv hu ua lub bay Sumbolon Limen, uas txhais tau tias "chaw nres nkoj ntawm cov cim, omens."
Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub bay no uas lub siab tawv Odysseus thiab nws comrades tau ntsib los ntawm bloodthirgon listrigons. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias qhov no yog tib pawg neeg ntawm Tauris uas nyob ntawm no txij li thaum ub. Cov Taurians nyob ntawm hiav txwv thiab qhov tseeb muaj lub siab tawv. Cov lus nug ntawm seb Homer puas tuaj yeem piav qhia txog Balaklava Bay tsis meej. Thaum cov kws tshawb fawb tsis pom cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov no. Cov lus hais txog qhov chaw zoo nkauj no muaj nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv uas tau nyob hauv thawj ib-paus xyoo ntawm peb lub sijhawm - Arrian, Strabo Pliny tus Txwj Laug, Ptolemy. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg hais txog kev sib haum xeeb, tsawg dua ib lub nroog.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, Russia tau los ua ib lub tebchaws muaj zog, thiab nws pib muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav rau kev nkag mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub nrog Qaib Cov Txwv. Russia tswj qhov xwm txheej hauv Taurica txij li xyoo 1772. Kev sib ntaus sib tua naval ntawm Balaklava (1773) yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm, uas cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias siab tawv yeej nrog kev hwm rau cov Turks, txawm hais tias qhov zoo ntawm lub zog yog nyob rau sab ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.
Hauv xyoo 1774, tau kos npe rau kev sib haum xeeb nrog Russia, Qaib ntxhw tau lees paub kev ywj pheej ntawm Crimean ceg av qab teb. Nyob rau hauv 1783, Catherine II tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm Crimea rau Russia.
Thaum Tsov Rog Crimean, cov tub rog Askiv nyob hauv Balaklava Bay. Cov neeg Askiv ua qhov no thawj zaug ntawm Crimean ceg av qab tebtxoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Chaw ntiav pw, khw, chaw ua si lom zem tshwm sim hauv lub nroog Balaklava. Piers tau ua rau ntawm ob sab ntawm lub bay.
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob rau Nazis yog qhov xav tau ntawm Crimea. Balaklava Bay nrog lub chaw nres nkoj yooj yim heev yog qhov txaus nyiam rau cov neeg German. Txhawm rau ntes nws, Nazis xa mus rau 72nd Infantry Division, uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Lub NKVD battalion, uas tau tawg mus rau hauv lub nroog thaum ntxov Kaum Ib Hlis 1941, sim tawm tsam thawj qhov kev tawm tsam, cov tub rog ntawm 514th tub rog ntawm Primorsky Army thiab cov tub rog. Nrog kev poob loj, cov neeg tiv thaiv tau rov qab mus rau Genoese fortress. Raws li nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, lub fortress ntawm Chembalo los ua lub xeem tiv thaiv ntawm Balaklava.
Cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress, uas tau tiv thaiv lub Kaum Ib Hlis 20, tau tawm tsam txog li 70 fascist tawm tsam ob peb lub hlis, yam tsis tau poob ib leeg. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1944, cov tub rog Soviet tau tuaj txog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv, thiab lub Plaub Hlis 18 lub nroog tau dim.
Post-war years
Tom qab tsov rog, lub neej hauv lub ces kaum zoo nkauj no tau hloov pauv. Lub Balaklava Bay kuj tau hloov pauv. Lub hauv paus submarine tau tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, zais ntawm prying ob lub qhov muag. Balaklava tau los ua ib qho ntawm cov tub rog zais cia tshaj plaws hauv USSR. Cov submarines nyob ntawm no tau nruab nrog riam phom nuclear hauv xyoo 1960. Lub chaw kho dej tsis pub leej twg paub tau ua rau hauv qhov tuab ntawm cov pob tsuas ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub bay.
Balaklava thiab Balaklava Bay
Lub nroog me me no nyob ze Sevastopol, ze rau ib qho me mebay ntawm tib lub npe, zais los ntawm pob zeb roob. Cov keeb kwm ntev thiab muaj xwm txheej thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov neeg ncig tebchaws tuaj rau qhov chaw no. Keeb kwm ntawm Balaklava rov qab mus rau ntau dua 2500 xyoo, txawm tias qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias lub nroog loj dua.
Nyob rau thaum ub, qhov kev sib hais haum no zoo sab nraum Crimea. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm Greek, Arabic, Polish thaj chaw thiab cov neeg taug kev. Muaj ib tug version uas Balaclava yog qhov chaw nres nkoj legendary ntawm Lamos listrigons, paub nyob rau hauv ancient Greek mythology raws li qhov chaw nyob ntawm cannibal giants uas Odysseus thiab nws comrades yuav tsum tau ntsib thaum lawv wanderings. Qhov kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov chaw no yog qhov tshwj xeeb: tshwj xeeb monuments - capes Aya thiab Fiolent, lub ruins ntawm Cembalo fortress, ancient thiab mysterious tuam tsev, npog nrog zoo nkauj legends, yuav tsis cia leej twg indifferent.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Balaklava pib tsim ua chaw so. Dachas ntawm princes Yusupovs thiab Gagarins, suav Naryshkin, luxurious villa ntawm tub huabtais Apraksin tau ua ntawm no. Thawj cov av nkos hauv lub nroog tau qhib rau xyoo 1888, thiab xyoo 1896 thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim ntawm no.
Los ntawm 1911, Balaklava muaj ob lub zemstvo thiab ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob deb nroog, plaub lub tsev teev ntuj, chaw xa ntawv, tsev kho mob, xinesmas, tsev qiv ntawv, lub rooj sib tham hauv nroog, club club, ua yeeb yam. Cov neeg hauv nroog tau koom nrog kev haus luam yeeb loj hlob thiab viticulture, nuv ntses, tshem cov txiv qaub thiab lub tsev pob zeb.
Txij li xyoo 1921, Balaklava tau ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm thaj av Balaklava ntawm Crimean autonomy. Txij xyoo 1957Balaklava yog ib feem ntawm lub nroog Sevastopol thiab yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm nws cheeb tsam loj tshaj plaws - Balaklava.
Nyob rau hauv peb lub sijhawm, Balaklava nyiam cov neeg ncig tebchaws thiab cov neeg taug kev nrog nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam thiab keeb kwm. Txhua xyoo cov kev cai thoob ntiaj teb regatta "Kaira" tshwm sim ntawm no. Knightly kev sib tw muaj nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Cembalo fortress. Cov neeg nyiam dhia dej yuav zoo siab kom pom lub ntiaj teb zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam hauv qab dej ntawm cov chaw no.
Balaklava Bay yog qhov chaw zoo rau cov neeg uas xav mus so ntawm lub nroog bustle. Koj tuaj yeem nqa cov khoom tsim nyog thiab cov khoom lag luam thiab hla los ntawm lub nkoj lossis lub nkoj mus rau tom hav zoov hav zoov, uas yog nyob ntawm cov pob zeb.
Balaklava Bay, qhov pom ntawm Balaklava
Raws li txoj cai, cov qhua pib tshawb txog qhov pom ntawm lub nroog los ntawm lub hauv paus hauv av ntawm submarines, uas yog qhov tsis pub leejtwg paub thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias.
Nws tau siv los kho thiab tswj cov nkoj hauv nkoj. Kuj tseem muaj lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm riam phom nuclear. Nov yog qhov chaw ua tub rog loj tshaj plaws.
Lub Hoobkas tau ua hauv Mount Tavros. Nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev tawm tsam nuclear nrog 100-kiloton foob pob, 3,000 tus neeg ua haujlwm tau nyob ntawm no. Niaj hnub no nws yog Balaklava Naval Tsev khaws puav pheej. Kuj tseem muaj qhov nthuav tawm ntawm Sheremetevs "Lub Crimean War".
Cembalo Fortress
Lub fortification no yog tsim los ntawm Genoese. Cov nqes hav thiab sab saum toj ntawm Mount Katrona (Greek lub npe) yog nyob los ntawm fortifications. Niaj hnub no lub ntsiab pej thuam ntawm lub fortress yog xyaumpuas lawm. Kev tsim txuj ci thiab kev ya davhlau ntawm cov ntaiv ua rau Cembalo fortress, uas yog los ntawm Nazukin embankment.
Aya
Nov yog sab qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Crimea, nyob ze Balaklava. Nws lub npe los ntawm Greek lo lus, uas txhais tau tias "dawb huv." Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus txog lub hauv paus ntawm Mount Kush-Kaya, nws qhov siab tshaj plaws yog Kokiya-Kiya (557 meters).
Ntawm ko taw ntawm Cape Ayi muaj cov grottoes, uas tau ntev tau siv los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub Fleet los kho thiab kho nkoj phom.
Lub cape npog nrog lub teeb hav zoov, uas sawv cev rau cov nroj tsuag Mediterranean tshwj xeeb (txog 500 hom). Lub fauna ntawm thaj chaw no muaj ntau haiv neeg - pob zeb marten, weasel, roe mos lwj, Crimean roob hma, qus boars, tsov txaij nab.
A toj roob hauv pes tau npaj rau ntawm lub cape txij thaum 1982.
Lub Tuam Tsev Kaum Ob Tug Thwj Tim
Nov yog lub tsev teev ntuj qub tshaj plaws ntawm lub Koom Txoos Orthodox hauv Crimea, nyob ze rau ntawm Balaklava embankment. Lub tuam tsev portal yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ib tug colonnade. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, lub tuam tsev raug kaw, cov kev pab cuam tau tuav nyob rau hauv nws tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II. Tom qab kev yeej loj, Lub Tsev Pioneers thiab Osoaviakhim club tau nyob hauv lub tuam tsev. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 90s lub tuam tsev tau pauv mus rau lub Koom Txoos Orthodox, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm loj-scale renovation hauj lwm pib.
Lub tuam tsev me me, tab sis saturated nrog lub teeb. Qhov no nthuav dav qhov chaw thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov phab ntsa dawb uas tsis muaj décor li.
Fragment of relics yog khaws cia rau hauv lub tuam tsevBlessed Basil thiab St. Sergius ntawm Radonezh.
