Dagestan: pej xeem, keeb kwm thiab kab lig kev cai

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 08:06

Lub koom pheej ntawm Dagestan yog suav tias yog sab qab teb ntawm Lavxias Federation. Nws lub peev rau yuav luag 100 xyoo yog lub nroog Makhachkala. Lub tebchaws no ciam teb rau Georgia, Azerbaijan, thaj chaw Stavropol, Kalmykia thiab Chechnya.

Puas yog Dagestan

Koj tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov loj ntawm lub tebchaws tsis yog los ntawm nws thaj chaw, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nws. Kev suav pej xeem ntawm Dagestan tau pom tias xyoo 2015, 2.99 lab tus tib neeg nyob hauv tebchaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ceev yog 59.49 tus neeg nyob hauv ib km2. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias rov qab rau xyoo 1989, raws li kev suav pej xeem, tsawg dua 2 lab tus tib neeg nyob ntawd, thiab xyoo 1996 - 2.126 lab tus tib neeg.

Tab sis koj tuaj yeem kwv yees tus naj npawb tseeb ntawm cov pej xeem yog tias koj paub tias ntau dua 700 txhiab nyob sab nraum cheeb tsam. Tsoom fwv ntawm lub koom haum koom haum ntawm Lavxias Federation hais txog tus lej no. Ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam roob, cov pej xeem ceev hauv Dagestan yog ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj. Qhov nruab nrab, muaj 2.13 tus menyuam rau txhua tus pojniam.

Cov pejxeem hais lus Lavxias thiab haiv neeg ntawm Dagestan. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog 14 ntawm tag nrho cov haiv neeg ntawm cov tebchaws muaj cov lus sau. Tus so yog qhov ncauj. Tab sis tsuas yog 4 pawg lus xwb.

siabPopulation

Lub tebchaws yog qhov txawv ntawm nws qhov kev yug menyuam siab. Nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw thib peb hwm nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas no nyob rau hauv Russia. Tsuas yog Ingushetia thiab Chechnya ua ntej nws. Txhua xyoo, muaj 19.5 tus menyuam yug tshiab rau txhua txhiab tus neeg nyob. Txawm tias 5 xyoo dhau los, daim duab no yog 18.8 nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Dagestan.

Cov pejxeem coob zuj zus txhua xyoo. Kev loj hlob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg yog siab tshaj nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog 45% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nroog, tus so nyob hauv cov nroog nyob deb nroog. Muaj tsawg tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, lawv feem yog 48.1%. Yog tias peb suav nrog tsuas yog cov pej xeem ntawm Dagestan, ces lub tebchaws no nyob qib 13th ntawm txhua yam kev kawm ntawm Federation.

Kev faib tawm hauv nroog

Cov neeg coob coob yog lub peev ntawm lub tebchaws - lub nroog Makhachkala. 583 txhiab tus neeg nyob ncaj qha ntawm no. Thiab yog hais tias peb mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov kev sib haum xeeb uas yog subordinate rau lub peev, ces hais txog 700 txhiab tus neeg yuav tawm.

Ntau tus neeg nyob hauv lwm lub nroog ntawm Dagestan. Cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog Khasavyurt yog yuav luag 137 txhiab, Derbent - 121 txhiab, Kaspiysk - 107 txhiab, Buynaksk - 63 txhiab

Yog tias koj saib cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub tebchaws, ces Khasavyurtovsky yuav yog cov neeg nyob coob tshaj plaws: 149 txhiab tus neeg tau suav rau hauv nws thaum lub sijhawm suav pej xeem. 102 txhiab Dagestanis nyob hauv cheeb tsam Derbent, 78 thiab 79 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw Buynaksky thiab Karabudakhkent, raws li.

National composition

Nws tsim nyog sau cia nyias tias cov pej xeem ntawm koom pheej ntawm Dagestan yog ib lub zej zog tshwj xeeb los ntawm ib haiv neeg. Ntau tshaj 100 haiv neeg thiab haiv neeg nyob 50 txhiab km2. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias ib feem ntawm thaj chaw yog cov roob uas tsis muaj neeg nyob.

Pab pawg loj tshaj yog cov neeg hauv paus txawm - Avars. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv xyoo 2010, lawv tus lej yog 850 txhiab tus neeg, uas lub sijhawm ntawd yog 29.4% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv. Cov pab pawg loj tshaj plaws tom ntej yog Dargins. Cov no kuj yog cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob hauv tebchaws, yog li nws tseem ceeb kom paub tias lawv tshuav pes tsawg leej. Cov pejxeem ntawm Dagestan tau loj hlob, thiab cov neeg ntawm cov haiv neeg kuj tseem nce ntxiv. Xyoo 2010, 490 txhiab Dargins nyob hauv tebchaws (17% ntawm tag nrho), thiab xyoo 2002 muaj tsawg dua ntawm lawv - 425.5 txhiab

thib peb loj yog Kumyks. Yuav luag 15% ntawm lawv, lossis 432 txhiab tus neeg, nyob hauv Dagestan. Muaj tsawg dua Lezgins, lawv ua 13% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg no hauv tebchaws yog yuav luag 388 txhiab

Tsis tas li, raws li kev suav pej xeem, pom tias muaj tsawg dua lwm haiv neeg. Piv txwv li, me ntsis ntau dua 5% ntawm Laks nyob hauv Dagestan, 4% ntawm Azerbaijanis thiab Tabasarans txhua, 3.6% ntawm Russians, 3.2% ntawm Chechens.

Txoj kev cai dab qhuas

Cov pejxeem ntawm lub nroog Dagestan muaj ntau haiv neeg. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, yuav luag 90% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv muaj ib txoj kev ntseeg. Feem coob ntawm cov koom pheej no lees paub Islam. Txoj kev ntseeg no tau pib nthuav dav hauv thaj chaw no thaum xyoo pua 7th. Thaum xub thawj, nws tshwm sim hauv Derbent thiab ntawm lub tiaj tus. Islam tau dhau los ua kev ntseeg tseem ceeb hauv XIII-XIV centuries.

Ntev npaum li nws qhov kev faib tawm tau piav qhia los ntawm kev ua tsov rog internecine uas tau kav ntev li ob puas xyoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tab sis tsuas yog tom qab kev cuam tshuam ntawm Mongol-Tatars thiab kev tawm tsam tom qab los ntawm Tamerlane, Islam tau los ua kev ntseeg ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv roob hauv tebchaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj ob ceg hauv Dagestan: Sunnism thiab Shiism. Thawj ntawm lawv tau lees paub los ntawm cov neeg feem coob - 99% ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Dagestan.

Cov neeg uas yog 10% ntawm cov neeg uas tsis yog Muslims coj cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab Judaism. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Orthodox cov ntseeg muaj li 3.8% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob ntawd. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm 90s. Hauv Dagestan muaj ntau dua 1.6 txhiab mosques, 7 pawg ntseeg thiab 4 lub tsev teev ntuj. Cov khoom teev dab qhuas no qhia meej tias kev ntseeg twg yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Historical Features

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm haiv neeg ntau haiv neeg yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm thaj av no. Dagestan yeej ib txwm muab faib ua cov cheeb tsam keeb kwm thiab thaj chaw. Cais, cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no yog qhov txawv hauv lub tebchaws no: Kev Sib Tham, Akusha-Dargo, Agul, Andria, Dido, Aukh, Kaitag, Lakia, Kumykia, Salatavia, Lekia, Tabarstan thiab lwm yam.

Thaj chaw ntawm niaj hnub Dagestan twb nyob ib lab xyoo dhau los. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo txhiab xyoo dhau los, cov chaw no tau subordinated rau Khazars, thiab tom qab lawv tau nyob los ntawm cov Tatar-Mongols.

Imprint ntawm kev txhim khosab laug ob lub Lavxias teb sab-Persian tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, cov Russians tau tsim lub nroog ntawm Port-Petrovsk (tam sim no Makhachkala) thiab ua tiav tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Caspian Hiav Txwv mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.

Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, Dagestan tau los ua ib lub xeev ntawm Caucasus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, muaj kev tawm tsam tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no, uas loj hlob mus rau hauv lub Caucasian tsov rog. Yog li ntawd, lub cheeb tsam Dagestan tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman nyob rau hauv kev tswj tub rog ntawm cov neeg.

Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, lub Dagestan ASSR tau tsim. Xyoo 1993, nws tau los ua koom pheej ntawm Dagestan.

kab lis kev cai thiab kev ua kis las hauv tebchaws

Vim muaj ntau haiv neeg sib xyaw ua ke, cov koom pheej yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam txog kev coj noj coj ua hauv cheeb tsam. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau lub teb chaws ua yeeb yam ntawm no, suav nrog Dargin thiab Kumyk. Lub Nroog Qub, Citadel thiab ntau lub tsev ntawm lub nroog Derbent suav nrog UNESCO World Heritage List. Muaj txog 8 txhiab monuments hauv tebchaws.

Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv tso nyiaj loj tshaj plaws nyob rau sab qaum teb Caucasus, uas muaj ntau dua 700 txhiab cov ntaub ntawv, nyob hauv Republic of Dagestan.

Cov pejxeem kuj koom tes nrog kev ua kis las. Lub cheeb tsam yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov kev ua si achievements. Rau ntau tshaj 50 xyoo, Dagestan tau nto moo rau nws wrestlers. Ntxiv mus, 10 tus neeg los ntawm cheeb tsam no tau los ua tus yeej Olympic, 41 tus neeg tau txais lub npe ntawm lub ntiaj teb tau yeej thiab 89 - European champion.

National kab lig kev cai

cais txhua tus kws tshawb fawbua kev zoo siab rau cov lus dab neeg tshwj xeeb ntawm Dagestan. Lub hauv paus ntawm sab ntsuj plig cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm lub koom pheej yog precisely lub multilingualism thiab multinationality ntawm cheeb tsam. Hais lus paj huam tau tsim txij thaum ub. Nws muaj nws tus kheej ritual paj huam, ib hom ntawv dab neeg.

Kev kos duab zoo nkauj tsuas yog tsim nyob rau xyoo pua XX. Muaj ob tus neeg pleev kob thiab sculptors hauv tebchaws. Tab sis arts thiab crafts rov qab mus rau lub hnub nyoog Bronze. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Dagestan lawv ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog enamel, niello, engraving. Qee thaj chaw paub txog lawv cov tooj liab embossing, woodworking nrog silver notches los yog pob txha inlays, pleev xim rau lub lauj kaub tais diav, thiab ntaub pua plag.