Kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub ntawm geology paub ntau txhiab ntau yam minerals thiab pob zeb. Thiab ib tug neeg uas, thiab geologists paub tseeb tias lub pob zeb twg yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Koj puas paub cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no? Yog tsis yog, nco ntsoov nyeem peb tsab xov xwm.
pob zeb muaj zog tshaj yog …
Xwm tau tsim ntau yam minerals sib txawv. Ib txhia ntawm lawv yog mos heev uas lawv crumble nyob rau hauv koj txhais tes. Tab sis lwm tus tsis deformed txawm tias los ntawm lub tshuab muaj zog tshaj plaws. Dab tsi yog lub pob zeb nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv qhov xwm txheej? Cia peb kawm saib.
Yog tias peb tham txog cov zaub mov xwb, ces cov lus teb yog pom tseeb - nws yog pob zeb diamond. Qhov kev tsim ntuj tsim no yog ib qho ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntshiab, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub plab hnyuv ntawm lub ntiaj teb ntawm qhov tob tob. Cov ntxhia yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Mohs nplai nrog qhov nyuaj ntawm 1600 units. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub pob zeb diamond kuj tseem muaj qhov zoo li metastability (uas yog, muaj peev xwm nyob mus ib txhis rau lub sijhawm ntev hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig).
Kuj tsim nyog hais tias lo lus "pob zeb" kuj txhais tau tias ib yam li pob zeb (ib pawg ntawm ib qholos yog ob peb hom minerals). Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom txiav txim siab qhov kev sib tw tiag tiag hauv hardness ntawm pob zeb. Feem ntau, cov kab hauv qab no poob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov pob zeb ruaj khov tshaj plaws:
- Gabbro.
- Diabase.
- Granite.
Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab hauv peb tsab xov xwm peb yuav xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau pob zeb diamond, lub pob zeb ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb tsim.
Pob zeb diamond Mineral: cov khoom tseem ceeb
Yog li, qhov kim tshaj plaws, nyiam tshaj plaws, zoo nkauj tshaj plaws thiab ruaj khov pob zeb hauv ntiaj teb yog pob zeb diamond. Thiab nws nyuaj rau kev sib cav nrog qhov ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, lub npe ntawm cov ntxhia no ntau dua li eloquent. Lo lus "pob zeb diamond" hauv Greek thaum ub txhais tau hais tias "indestructible."
Thawj cov pov thawj keeb kwm ntawm lub pob zeb pob tshab ntawm lub zog tsis tau muaj dua tuaj rau peb los ntawm Ancient India thiab Tuam Tshoj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov Indians hu nws fariy. Tab sis cov Suav, thaum ntxov li peb txhiab xyoo BC, siv pob zeb diamond los zom lawv cov axes ua los ntawm corundum.
Dab tsi yog lub cev thiab lub zog ntawm lub pob zeb ruaj khov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb? Cia peb teev cov uas yooj yim tshaj plaws:
- Shine: pob zeb diamond.
- kab xim: tsis muaj.
- Hardness: 10 (Mohs scale).
- Gensity: 3.47-3.55g/cm3.
- Kink: conchoidal rau splintery.
- Singony: cubic.
- Thermal conductivity: 900-2300 W / (m K) (siab heev).
Cov xim feem ntau ntawm pob zeb diamond yog daj lossis xim tsis muaj xim. Minerals ntawm ntsuab yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov xwm.xiav, liab los yog dub. Lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov pob zeb diamond yog lub peev xwm ua kom luminesce. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci, lawv pib ci thiab shimmer nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim thiab ntxoov.
7 qhov tseeb nthuav txog pob zeb diamond
- Pob zeb diamond, graphite thiab thee yog tsim los ntawm tib lub ntsiab (carbon).
- Pob zeb los nag rau qee lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub hnub ci.
- Pob zeb diamond tsis yog pob zeb tsawg tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Muaj tsawg kawg yog kaum lub gemstones uas tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust.
- Lub tsev hauv paus ntawm lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws pob zeb diamond mining thiab ua lag luam nyob hauv Johannesburg (South Africa).
- Raws li qee yam xwm txheej, pob zeb diamond tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm tequila lossis txiv laum huab xeeb.
- Ib lub teeb hla dhau lub cev ntawm cov pob zeb no txo nws qhov nrawm los ntawm ib nrab.
- 80% ntawm pob zeb diamond mined niaj hnub no yog siv rau kev lag luam.
pob zeb diamond tseem ceeb deposits
Pob zeb diamond yog tsim nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm 80-150 kilometers nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm colossal siab thiab kub. Tom qab ntawd, ua tsaug rau volcanic kev ua ub no, lawv nce los ze zog mus rau saum npoo ntawm peb ntiaj chaw, tsim ntsug deposits - kimberlite kav. Qhov no yog li cas, piv txwv li, lub caj dab ntawm cov yeeb nkab zoo li hauv Yakutia (Mir pob zeb diamond chaw txua txiag zeb):
Ntxiv rau, qee lub pob zeb diamond yuav muajmeteoritic keeb kwm. Cov zaub mov zoo li no tau tsim thaum lub cev cosmic hu rau lub ntiaj teb saum npoo. Yog li, "tawm-ntawm-lub-lub ntiaj teb pob zeb diamond" tau pom nyob rau hauv Grand Canyon hauv Asmeskas.
Nws tau tshwm sim tias cov nplua nuj tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb diamond hauv ntiaj teb tau tsom mus rau hauv lub plab hauv Africa. Nws nyob ntawm no tias lub tuam txhab mining loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, De Beers, yog nyob ntawm. Pob zeb diamond niaj hnub no tau nquag mined hauv South Africa, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Russia, Canada, thiab Australia. Tus thawj coj ntawm Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam pob zeb diamond yog ALROSA.
Kev siv pob zeb diamond hauv kev lag luam
Tsis txhob xav tias pob zeb diamond siv tshwj xeeb hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Lub pob zeb nyuaj tshaj plaws kuj tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam. Tshwj xeeb, kev xyaum ua haujlwm hnyav, riam, cutters thiab lwm yam khoom yog tsim los ntawm nws. Pob zeb diamond hmoov (qhov tseem ceeb yog cov khoom pov tseg tau los ntawm kev ua cov pob zeb diamond ntuj) yog siv los ua abrasive hauv kev tsim cov khoom sib tsoo thiab cov log.
Pob zeb diamond tseem siv rau hauv nuclear zog thiab quantum electronics. Lwm qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws niaj hnub no yog microelectronics ntawm pob zeb diamond substrates.
hexagonal pob zeb diamond
Kaum xyoo dhau los, pob zeb diamond tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov khoom siv tawv tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tab sis xyoo 2009, ib pawg kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Tebchaws Meskas tau tswj xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kev thov no. Raws li lawv, cov khoom siv ruaj khov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog cov khoom siv dag zog hu ua lonsdaleite (los yog hexagonal pob zeb diamond).
Siv lub computer simulation txoj kev, kws tshawb fawbNws muaj peev xwm tsim tau tias cov khoom no yog 58% muaj zog dua pob zeb diamond. Thiab yog hais tias tom kawg poob ntawm lub siab ntawm 97 gigapascals, ces lonsdaleite muaj peev xwm tiv taus loads ntawm 152 gigapascals.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub pob zeb diamond hexagonal muaj nyob rau tam sim no tsuas yog hauv kev xav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb tsis ntseeg tias cov khoom siv tshiab yuav puas tau siv rau hauv kev xyaum. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tau txais nws yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab kim.
