Yellowstone volcano: qhov chaw ntawm lub supervolcano, qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawg tawg loj npaum li cas

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Yellowstone volcano: qhov chaw ntawm lub supervolcano, qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawg tawg loj npaum li cas
Yellowstone volcano: qhov chaw ntawm lub supervolcano, qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawg tawg loj npaum li cas

Video: Yellowstone volcano: qhov chaw ntawm lub supervolcano, qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawg tawg loj npaum li cas

Video: Yellowstone volcano: qhov chaw ntawm lub supervolcano, qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev tawg tawg loj npaum li cas
Video: Yellowstone Supervolcano! New Geochemical Tool Reveals Origin of Volcano's Deep Nitrogen! Chronicles 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Muaj 1532 lub roob hluav taws hauv peb lub ntiaj teb, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no kwv yees thiab tsis muaj leej twg paub cov lus teb tseeb. Lub Pacific Ring ntawm Hluav Taws muaj ntau tshaj.

Tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg tawg rog yog Tebchaws Meskas. Muaj 180 tus neeg loj heev nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev no. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb tau paub txog qhov muaj 20 supervolcanoes hauv ntiaj teb. Lawv qhov tawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv huab cua loj hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog Yellowstone Volcano.

Lub sijhawm "supervolcano"

lo lus no thawj zaug tshwm sim xyoo 2000. BBC channel tshaj tawm cov documentary nrov science zaj duab xis "Horizon", qhov twg lub tswvyim ntawm "supervolcano" tau siv. Lub npe no txhais tau hais tias qhov kev tawg loj tshaj plaws, uas tau mus txog 8 lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub roob hluav taws.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lub supervolcano thiab stratovolcanoes yog qhov tsis muaj lub khob hais lus. Txog niaj hnub no, qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab loj tshaj plaws rau kev tawg yog Yellowstone volcano.

supervolcano nyob rau hauv seem
supervolcano nyob rau hauv seem

Qhov chaw

Lub ntiaj teb nto moo supervolcano nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Qhov loj ntawm nws caldera yog impressive - 55 km los ntawm 72 km. Ntau tus yuav xav paub ntau ntxiv raws nraim qhov twg Yellowstone Volcano nyob. Nws caldera nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob Wyoming. Nws nyob hauv thaj chaw loj ntawm Yellowstone National Park. Qhov ntev ntawm lub caldera tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tshawb fawb uas tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s. US Geological Survey kws tshawb fawb Robert Christiansen pom tias lub roob hluav taws nyob ib feem peb ntawm cov xwm txheej.

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Supervolcano Eruption

Tsis ntev los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txhawj xeeb txog cov lus nug ntawm thaum twg lub roob hluav taws Yellowstone yuav tawg, thiab lawv qhov kev ntshai tsis yog qhov tseeb. Lub siab nyob rau hauv lub magma chamber yog nce, thiab seismic kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub National Park cheeb tsam kuj tau nce nyob rau hauv lub hli tsis ntev los no. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis ib leeg, ntau dua 200 qhov tshee tshee tau kaw ntau dua 10 hnub.

Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, lub roob hluav taws Yellowstone twb tau tawg tsawg kawg peb zaug:

  1. thawj rooj plaub rov qab mus rau 2.1 lab xyoo dhau los. Tom qab qhov kev puas tsuaj no, Island Park caldera tau tsim thiab cov pob txha pob txha hu ua Huckleberry Ridge tsim. Nws tau xav tias qhov kev tawg no ua rau lub roob tawg, thiab qhov siab ntawm cov pa tawm mus txog 50 km. Kwv yees li ntawm ib lub hlis twg ntawm North American sab av loj tau npog hauv cov tshauv volcanic.
  2. Lub sijhawm thib ob lub supervolcano tawg 1.3 lab xyoo dhau los. Nws pov tawm ntau tshaj 280 km3 ntawm pob zeb volcanic los ntawm nws lub plab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tawg, ib qho ntawm cov calderas loj tshaj plaws, Henrys Fork, tau tsim.
  3. Lub Yellowstone Volcano tau tawg rau peb zaug 640,000 xyoo dhau los, lub sijhawm no nws cov haujlwm yog ib nrab ntawm thawj qhov tawg. Ib qho kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim tau ua rau kev tsim ntawm Lava Creek tuff formations. Qhov thib peb tawg ua rau lub khob hliav qab, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm ib tug loj phiab tau tsim, txoj kab uas hla yog 150 km.
thaum lub roob hluav taws yellowstone erupts
thaum lub roob hluav taws yellowstone erupts

Tam sim no, lub xeev Yellowstone roob hluav taws txhawj xeeb ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Tam sim no, lawv kwv yees qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tawg ua 0.00014% hauv ib xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev xav no yog los ntawm kev muab xam ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv uas tau dhau los ntawm kev tawg ntawm supervolcano.

Tab sis raws li qhov kev soj ntsuam tshiab tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw National Park qhia, cov txheej txheem geological tsis zoo, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws nraim thaum lub roob hluav taws Yellowstone yuav tawg.

Lub siab tshaj plaws geyser tau tsa

Lub Peb Hlis 15, 2018, Steamboat geyser, uas tau dormant txij li xyoo 2014, tau tawg. Nws suav hais tias yog lub siab tshaj plaws active geyser. Qhov tawg tau tshwm sim thaum 19:30. Qhov tshwm sim no tau pom los ntawm kaum ob tus neeg uas tau hais tias cov pa tawm ntawm cov vapors kub tau nrog lub suab nrov, zoo li lub nkoj lossis lub tsheb ciav hlau tau humming. Me ntsis tshee kuj hnov.

qhov twg yog yellowstone volcano nyob
qhov twg yog yellowstone volcano nyob

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, lub geyser tawg ntawm ib ntus ntawm 1 zaug hauv 50 xyoo. Txawm tias nyob rau hauvThaum lub sij hawm lub voj voog no, nws tuaj yeem pov cov puffs ntawm chav ntau zaus. Lub geyser nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam uas yog heev nrov nrog tourists. Nws hu ua Gates Norris Basin. Qhov kawg eruptions tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 2013 thiab ces nyob rau hauv 2014. Kuj tseem muaj tag nrho cov sijhawm luv luv ntawm kev ua si los ntawm 1989 txog 1991. Yav dhau los, nws tau tawg tsuas yog xyoo 1911 thiab 1961.

Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias qhov kev hloov pauv hauv qhov zaus ntawm kev ua geyser muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub roob hluav taws Yellowstone, nws qhov loj me yog qhov txaus nyiam. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nws nyob, qhov kev hloov pauv hnyav ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub pob zeb tau pom, tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm magma.

thaj chaw cuam tshuam thiab qhov tshwm sim

Qhov loj ntawm lub roob hluav taws yog 55 x 72 km. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov tawg ua rau muaj ntau yam txaus ntshai. Kev tawg ntawm lub supervolcano hem tsis yog tsuas yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, tab sis kuj ntawm tag nrho cov noob neej. Lub ntiaj teb yuav raug kev puas tsuaj loj ib puag ncig. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav loj heev, cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias:

  • huab cua kub yuav txo qis li 21 degrees;
  • tag nrho cov neeg muaj tsiaj thiab tsiaj txhu yuav raug rhuav tshem;
  • tsawg kawg 87 txhiab tus neeg yuav tuag.
yellowstone volcano qhov ntev
yellowstone volcano qhov ntev

Cov kws tshawb fawb ua qhov kev soj ntsuam tsis tu ncua ntawm seismic thiab volcanic kev ua si hauv cheeb tsam no. Lub volcano dormant tab tom nthuav qhia nws qhov kev npaj rau kev tawg. Thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2017, cov pa luam yeeb dub tau pom, uas ua rau cov neeg hauv zos ntshai heev. Interestingly, pa luam yeeb tau nchuav los ntawm lub npe nrov Qub qhev Geyser.

Qhov tshwm sim notxawv tiag tiag. Nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev ib txwm, lub geyser ejected chav thiab dej kub mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub tsev cuaj-zaj dabneeg. Qhov zaus ntawm kev tawg yog 45-125 feeb. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm no, tsis yog dej thiab chav dej, cov pa luam yeeb dub tau tawm ntawm lub geyser. Tsis muaj lus piav qhia txog qhov tshwm sim no. Feem ntau, muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov khoom organic uas tau nce mus rau saum npoo av.

ntsuas kev tiv thaiv

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim supervolcano tshwm sim, tsoomfwv Meskas tau pab nyiaj pabcuam los ntawm NASA.

xeev ntawm yellowstone volcano
xeev ntawm yellowstone volcano

Kev tsim kho ntawm thaj chaw hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau npaj tseg, uas yuav ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo qhov siab ntawm magma npuas. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib tsoo los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov pa nkag mus rau hauv cov kab noj hniav, lawv xav siv txoj kev ua kab rov tav drilling. Nws tau npaj los faib ntau dua 3.5 billion US dollars rau qhov project no.

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