Italian kev lag luam thiab nws qhov tshwj xeeb

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:59

Kev lag luam ntawm Ltalis yog thawj ceg ntawm lub xeev kev lag luam. Qhov sib faib ntawm cov kev taw qhia no suav nrog ntau dua 28% ntawm tag nrho cov GDP hauv zos. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav luag ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob hauv tau koom nrog ntawm no. Yog hais tias peb tham txog lub sectoral qauv ntawm Italian kev lag luam, ces 76% ntawm nws yog cov manufacturing sector.

Engineering

Kev lag luam Italian engineering yog suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam. Tsis ntev los no, nws cov chaw tseem ceeb yog Turin, Milan thiab Genoa. Tam sim no, tus kheej no tau kis mus rau lwm thaj tsam ntawm lub xeev. Tam sim no tseem ceeb lub tshuab tsim muaj peev xwm nyob hauv Florence, Venice, Bologna thiab Trieste. Kev lag luam tsheb tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam no. Txhua xyoo, lub xeev tsim tawm txog li ob lab lub tsheb, nrog rau ntau lub mopeds, maus taus thiab tsheb kauj vab. Kev txhawj xeeb Fiat ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm no. Nws lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm nyob hauv nroog Turin, thiab nws cov chaw tsim khoom yognyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Lub nroog Lombard, Naples thiab Turin tau tsim aviation ntau lawm, thaum lub Italian shipbuilding kev lag luam yog concentrated nyob rau hauv Genoa, Livorno, La Spezia thiab Trieste.

Power generation

Ib xyoos ib zaug, lub xeev tsim tau txog 190 billion kilowatt-teev hluav taws xob. Yuav luag 65% ntawm cov nyiaj no poob rau ntawm thermal fais fab nroj tsuag, uas nyob hauv cov nroog loj tshaj plaws. Lawv ua haujlwm ob leeg ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Tsawg tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm cov hluav taws xob yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab uas ua rau ntawm tus dej Alpine. Tag nrho cov khoom seem poob rau ntawm cov khoom los ntawm lwm lub zog. Ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam yog tias tsis yog ib lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob nuclear ua haujlwm hauv lub xeev, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawm suab nrov uas muaj nyob rau xyoo 1987.

Kev lag luam roj

Lub teb chaws txom nyem heev hauv cov zaub mov, suav nrog cov kub dub. Ntawm no nws yog mined me me (tag nrho txog 1.5 lab tons hauv ib xyoos) hauv Lombardy, Sicily thiab ntawm lub txee ntawm Adriatic Hiav Txwv. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm xws li kev lag luam nyob rau hauv ltalis raws li cov roj refining ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw khoom txawv teb chaws tsis tiv thaiv nws los ntawm ua ntej ntawm lwm Western European lub xeev nyob rau hauv ntim. Feem ntau ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cov chaw nres nkoj. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov khoom siv raw tuaj ntawm Middle East, Russia thiab qee lub tebchaws North Africa. Txawm li cas los xij, ua tsaug rau kev tsim network ntawm cov kav dej rojxws li kev lag luam ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv lwm cheeb tsam ib yam nkaus.

Metallurgy

Kev lag luam metallurgical ntawm ltalis tsis muaj nws tus kheej cov khoom siv raw li. Zoo ib yam li cov kev lag luam uas tau hais los saum toj no, tus kheej kheej yog tsom rau kev xa tawm, yog li nws cov lag luam tseem ceeb tau tsom mus rau thaj tsam ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj loj. Ferrous metallurgy ua cov nroj tsuag ua haujlwm feem ntau hauv cov nroog loj, qhov chaw uas cov hlau seem khaws cia hauv cov ntim loj. Lub teb chaws txhua xyoo smelts txog 250 txhiab tons ntawm txhuas thiab txog 25 lab tons ntawm hlau. Kev sib koom ua ke yog taw qhia rau lawv, uas nyob ze qhov chaw hluav taws xob - Alpine hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag.

Lub teeb kev lag luam

Nyob deb ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws, tab sis tseem ceeb heev ceg ntawm kev lag luam ntawm lub xeev yog lub teeb kev lag luam ntawm Ltalis. Nws yog sawv cev, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm cov tuam txhab me me uas tawg mus thoob plaws hauv ib cheeb tsam. Lub teb chaws tau dhau los ua ib tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim cov ntaub plaub, thib ob tsuas yog rau Tuam Tshoj hauv qhov ntsuas no. Kev lag luam textile yog nyob rau theem siab ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, cov chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb - Piedmont thiab Lombardy. Cov cheeb tsam qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub xeev, tshwj xeeb yog Tuscany, Marche thiab Veneto, yog qhov chaw ntawm cov khau, tawv thiab khaub ncaws kev lag luam. Ib qho ntawm ob peb thaj chaw uas yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua yog kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, uas ua haujlwm ob qho tib si ntawm kev tuaj txawv teb chaws thiab ntawm nws tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv raw. Qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim tawm ntawm no txhua xyoo nce los ntawmqhov nruab nrab ntawm 3%. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev lag luam Italian nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia no feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov roj txiv roj. Lub teb chaws suav txog ib feem peb ntawm nws cov khoom tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb.

tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam

Thaum pib, kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj hauv ltalis pib hauv Lombardy. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov tseeb tias nws nyob ntawm no tias feem ntau ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov lag luam tshwj xeeb hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm tam sim no nyob. Kev lag luam ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm cov roj tuaj txawv teb chaws, phosphorites, cellulose, sulfur thiab lwm yam khoom siv raw. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub nroog Trieste, petrochemical tuam txhab uas muag yog concentrated nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, thiab cov tuam txhab uas muag koom nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov mineral chiv yog concentrated nyob rau hauv sab qab teb. Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tshwj xeeb ntawm Italian kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam chemistry feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov polymers thiab hluavtaws fibers. Kev tsim cov tshuaj inorganic - tshuaj tua kab, nitric thiab sulfuric acids, chlorine, thiab caustic soda yog nyob rau theem siab ntawm kev loj hlob.

Kev muag khoom ntawm kev lag luam cov khoom lag luam yog tsom rau kev ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm nws tus kheej kev lag luam. Tib lub sijhawm, ib feem ntawm nws raug xa tawm mus rau Tebchaws Meskas thiab cov tebchaws uas hu ua kev ua lag luam.

Zoo kawg

Kab lus no hais txog kev lag luam Italian luv luv piav qhia tsuas yog nws cov kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm kev ua si, txij li xyoo tom qab tsov rog, lub xeev kuj tau ua qhov tseem ceebkev tawg. Ntawm lawv, kev lag luam hluav taws xob thiab rooj tog zaum, kev tsim cov khoom kim heev, riam phom, thiab bioindustry yuav tsum raug sau tseg.