Cov txheej txheem:
- Tsev neeg ntawm Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov
- YTxiv mus rau Leningrad
- Lub sijhawm tshawb fawb nquag
- Post-war years
- Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Nobel Laureate
- xyoo tshiab
Video: Alexander Prokhorov: biography, duab, tsev neeg ntawm Prokhorov Alexander Mikhailovich
2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:57
Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov yog ib tug neeg tseem ceeb hauv Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab physics. Nws tau koom nrog ib qho ntawm feem ntau txoj kev txhim kho thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm quantum electrodynamics. Ua tsaug rau nws txoj haujlwm, ua ke nrog nws cov thwjtim, nws tau txais Nobel nqi zog xyoo 1964. Nws kuj qhia thiab kawm lwm yam kev kawm. Txaus siab rau kev tsim kho qhov chaw.
Tsev neeg ntawm Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov
Tus kws tshawb fawb ci ntsa iab tau yug los rau Lub Xya Hli 11, 1916 hauv tsev neeg ntawm kev hloov pauv - Mikhail Ivanovich thiab Maria Ivanovna. Nws niam nws txiv tau khiav tawm ntawm kev tsim txom ntawm tsev neeg muaj koob muaj npe Lavxias thiab raug yuam kom tsiv mus rau Australia los ntawm Ukraine. Leej txiv ntawm Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm tog txij li thaum 1902 thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev nom kev tswv. Tus kws tshawb fawb niam tsis muaj kev kawm, tab sis ntawm qhov xwm txheej nws muaj lub siab ntse thiab ceev ceev. Nws txhawb nqa nws tus txiv, yog li ntawd nws kuj raug kev tsim txom.
Vim kev tsim txom tsis tu ncua, tsev neeg hluas raug yuam kom khiav mus rau Vladivostok,tom qab ntawd lawv mus rau Australia. Nyob ntawd, nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Queensleck, ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab colonists, ob peb tug hluas revolutionaries txuas ntxiv lawv lub neej.
Zaj dab neeg txog Alexander Prokhorov pib hauv ib lub tsev me me nyob sab nrauv Australia. Los ntawm memoirs ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb nws paub tias nws nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm nws cov viv ncaus - Claudia, Valentina thiab Eugenia. Nws tsis muaj cov phooj ywg uas nws tuaj yeem sib txuas lus, thiab yog li ntawd nws tsev neeg ua rau nws txoj kev lom zem. Nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv biography ntawm Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov, nws tau sau tseg tias nws loj hlob raws li ib tug nyob ntsiag to thiab calm tus me nyuam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nco txog thaum yau yog zaj dab neeg uas tshwm sim rau nws rau 5 xyoo. Tus me nyuam mus ntsib nws niam nws txiv, tab sis poob rau hauv hav zoov. Nws raug pom thaum sawv ntxov - nkees, tsim txom thiab qaug zog. Xyoo 1923, tom qab tau txais xov xwm los ntawm lawv lub tebchaws, tsev neeg tau mus rau Tebchaws Meskas. Qhov kev txav mus los tsis yooj yim, tsis yog txhua tus neeg muaj peev xwm tiv taus acclimatization. Claudia thiab Valentina tuag los ntawm kev mob, uas ua rau muaj kev tu siab rau lub siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Alexander Mikhailovich.
Tom qab tsiv mus rau Tashkent, Prokhorov pib kawm nyuaj ntawm nws thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv Lavxias. Nws tsis tu ncua kev kawm mus txog qib 5, tom qab ntawd nws poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog physics.
YTxiv mus rau Leningrad
Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv, Alexander tsiv nrog nws tsev neeg. Leningrad zoo siab tos txais cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov kws paub txog kev cog lus nrog qhib caj npab. Nws lub peev xwm tau dhau los ua kom yooj yim nkag mus rau Leningrad Electrotechnical University muaj npe tom qab Lenin -yog ib lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Soviet Union. Thaum lub sij hawm nws cov kev tshawb fawb, Alexander Prokhorov lub ntsiab txaus siab yog tseem physics. Tab sis nws kuj tau kawm tob tob txog xov tooj cua technology.
Ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau kav hauv tsev kawm. Nws nyob ntawd tias Ioffe tau qhib lub hauv paus tshiab chav haujlwm ntawm kev sim kws qhia ntawv ntawm physics. Tom qab tau txais thawj qhov kev kawm qib siab, Alexander Prokhorov xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau Kws Qhia Ntawv ntawm Physics. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm, nws tau tswj kom txhim kho nws txoj kev paub lus Askiv. Qhov xwm txheej no tau pab nws tom qab - thaum ua haujlwm hauv lwm lub tebchaws.
Lub sijhawm tshawb fawb nquag
Tom qab kawm tiav tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, tus kws tshawb fawb pib ua qhov nws nyiam - kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm xov tooj cua. Nws tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj theem receiver, uas txawv ntawm cov inventions ntawm nws contemporaries los ntawm high signal kis tau tus mob. Nyob rau hauv 1941 nws mus ncig ua si mus rau lub Moscow cheeb tsam. Nyob ntawd nws tau kawm txog ionosphere siv txoj kev cuam tshuam hauv xov tooj cua, uas nws tus kheej tau tsim.
1941 yog ib lub xyoo nyuaj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet Russia, uas tau tshwm sim hauv cov kws tshawb fawb cov ntawv sau cia. Nws thiab nws cov thwjtim tau mus ncig ua si caij ski. Rau ib qho ntawm nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, nws tau caw nws tus poj niam yav tom ntej, Galina Alekseevna, uas tseem xav txog kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb. Nws kawm tiav los ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Geography ntawm Moscow State University thiab yog ib tug zoo tham rau ib tug hluas inventor.
Alexander Prokhorov raug mob hnyav tom qab kev foob pob ntawm Moscow thiab raug yuam kom so haujlwm los ntawm kev tshawb fawb. tus kws tshawb fawb smogrov qab los ntawm kev raug mob tsuas yog 2 xyoos tom qab ntawd - xyoo 1944. Tom qab ntawd, nws pib tsim txoj kev xav ntawm kev ruaj khov ntawm lub teeb zaus.
Post-war years
Tom qab kawm tiav high school, tus kws tshawb fawb tau tiv thaiv nws daim ntawv pov thawj kws kho mob hauv physics hauv xyoo 1946. Los ntawm 1948 nws pib tshawb fawb hauv thaj chaw tshiab rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb - xov tooj cua spectroscopy. Nws pom cov qauv ntawm cov molecules thiab txiav txim siab nws lub luag haujlwm hauv cov kab hluav taws xob ruaj khov, uas yooj yim heev rau kev sib kis ntawm cov teeb liab hla ntau dua. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog qhov no, nws tau koom nrog lub cev particle accelerators. Nws tau ua ntau yam kev sim nrog nws tus kheej lub cuab yeej - beatron. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tseem txuas ntxiv los ntawm ntau tus kws kho mob thoob ntiaj teb.
Tau txais Ph. D. rau kev ua haujlwm "Ntawm qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas me me". Nws daim ntawv pov thawj tau kos npe los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm USSR Academy of Sciences. Alexander Mikhailovich kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig Mandelstam nqi zog. Twb yog xyoo 1950, tus neeg sau ntawv tseeb thiab tus kheej ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem taug qab hauv nws cov haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nws tsis yog tsuas yog nrhiav tau ib qho kev paub tshiab, tab sis kuj nrhiav tau ib daim ntawv thov rau nws hauv lub neej. Alexander Prokhorov tau koom nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev qhia kom txog thaum kawg ntawm nws hnub.
Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb, Nobel Laureate
Kaum Ib Hlis 12, 1951, tus kws tshawb fawb tau los ua tus kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tiv thaiv lwm qhov kev tshawb fawb txog hluav taws xob ntawm centimeter xov tooj cua nthwv dej. Nws tsis tsuas yog ua science rau nws tus kheej xwb, tab sis kuj txhawb lwm tus. Cov phooj ywg thiab cov phooj ywg cov tub ntxhais kawm tau kos rau nws thiabsim kom ze rau qhov tshwm sim. Lub chaw soj ntsuam tshawb fawb ntawm Alexander Prokhorov tau dhau los ua nto moo thiab nthuav dav ntau yam ntawm nws cov kev tshawb fawb.
Nyob rau hauv lub 60s, Alexander Prokhorov tau raug hu ua tus kws tshaj lij thiab ua haujlwm nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Nws tau los ua ib tus tsim ntawm quantum theory, uas nws tau txais Nobel nqi zog hauv xyoo 1964.
Tus kws tshawb fawb kuj tau txais ntau yam khoom plig hauv nws lub tebchaws, suav nrog Lenin nqi zog. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau los ua tswv cuab ntawm Academy ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb tsuas yog xyoo 1966.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-80s, nws lub chaw tshawb fawb tau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences thiab tau lub npe hu ua "Institute of General Physics". Txog rau hnub no nws tau lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb. IOF yog suav tias yog ib lub koom haum tshaj lij thiab muaj kev hwm kev tshawb fawb.
xyoo tshiab
Alexander Prokhorov tsis tso tseg kev tshawb fawb thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Nws muaj kev mob siab rau physics thiab tau txais nws qhov khoom plig zaum kawg hauv xyoo 1998 rau kev txhim kho ntawm infrared LEDs.
Txhua hnub nws tuaj ua haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum thiab ua haujlwm txog yav tsaus ntuj. Lub Ib Hlis 8, 2002, nws tuag hauv nws lub chaw haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev xav txog ib tus kws tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig thiab ua haujlwm hnyav dua li Alexander Prokhorov. Nws txoj kev koom tes rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm quantum physics tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau, thiab yog li ntawd nws lub npe yuav nyob mus ib txhis hauv keeb kwm.
Pom zoo:
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Hluav Taws Xob Tsheb thauj mus los (Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Nroog Hluav Taws Xob Tsheb thauj mus los ntawm St. Petersburg): keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, tsev khaws khoom khaws cia, sijhawm qhib, tshuaj xyuas
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob yog ib feem ntawm St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise Gorelektrotrans, uas muaj cov khoom pov thawj ntawm nws daim ntawv tshuav nyiaj li cas, qhia txog kev txhim kho hluav taws xob thauj hauv St. Lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau yog luam ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm trolleybuses thiab trams, uas tau siv ntau hauv lub nroog
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Dolls hauv St. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm cov menyuam roj hmab tshwj xeeb: duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws
Muaj ib qho chaw zoo kawg nkaus, mus saib uas, dua koj pib ntseeg zaj dab neeg. Tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb zoo li yuav tshwm sim. Koj tsuas paub qhov twg cov khawv koob nyob. Qhov chaw tej yam yees siv no yog dab tsi thiab nws nyuaj npaum li cas los nrhiav txoj hauv kev rau nws? Nws tsuas yog ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej puppet xwb. Thiab nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog ib qho yooj yim
Tsheb Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Moscow: duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tsheb ntawm Rogozhsky Val
Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Tsheb hauv Moscow tau tsom mus rau hauv nws cov phab ntsa tag nrho cov kev ua tiav ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam tsheb. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom pov thawj tau nthuav tawm hauv nws lub pavilion yog nyob rau xyoo pua 20th, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom cov qauv tshiab ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st
Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Moscow. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm kws muaj txuj ci Moscow: duab thiab xyuas ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi
Nyob rau xyoo 1979, hauv kev hwm ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv ntawm lub peev ntawm Russia, Lub Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv ntawm Moscow tau qhib. Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Great Patriotic War yog Moscow. Qhov tseeb raug ntes txog nws thiab nthuav tawm hauv tsev cia puav pheej
Alexander Gribov - Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg ntawm Yaroslavl Thaj Chaw: biography, kev kawm, tsev neeg
Alexander Gribov tau koob meej raws li tus tub ntxhais hluas tshaj plaws ntawm lub nroog hauv keeb kwm ntawm Yaroslavl tswj hwm tus kheej. Xyoo 2008, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus sawv cev hauv nroog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 22 xyoos. Nyob rau hauv 2012, Alexander Gribov raug xaiv los ua tus thawj tswj hwm. Tus tswv xeev ntawm thaj av Yaroslavl Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas nom tswv yeej ib txwm ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm cov pej xeem hauv cheeb tsam. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv nws txoj hauj lwm yog tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Public Chamber of the Yaroslavl Region