Tsiaj txhu ntawm Great Britain. Flora thiab fauna ntawm Great Britain

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:56

Lub tebchaws cov kob nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab muaj npe nrov rau nws qhov kev hloov pauv thiab huab cua hnyav hnyav nrog los nag, pos huab thiab cua daj cua dub. Tag nrho cov no yog ncaj qha interconnected nrog flora thiab fauna. Tej zaum cov nroj tsuag thiab fauna ntawm UK tsis muaj ntau hom tsiaj xws li nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws ntawm cov teb chaws Europe los yog lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis qhov no tsis poob nws kev zoo nkauj, ntxim nyiam thiab uniqueness.

Txoj yam ntxwv cawm

Thaj chaw uas yog tebchaws United Kingdom tuaj yeem faib ua ob thaj chaw: Tebchaws Askiv siab thiab qis. Thawj cheeb tsam kuj suav nrog Northern Ireland thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb ntawm lub tebchaws. Lub cheeb tsam yog characterized los ntawm ruaj khov bedrocks ancient, nws yog ib tug heev disconnected uplands thiab ib tug me me ntawm lowlands. Low Britain yog nthuav tawm nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm toj roob hauv pes thiab toj me me, ntawm lub hauv pauscov pob zeb me me tshwm sim. Ua ke nrog kev nyab xeeb thiab av, thaj av cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu ntawm Great Britain.

UK kev nyab xeeb thiab dej

Gulf Stream muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau cov huab cua hauv lub tebchaws. Nws tsim ib tug nruab nrab dej hiav txwv keeb kwm yav dhau nrog high humidity. Lub caij ntuj no yog me me thiab lub caij ntuj sov yog txias nrog nquag pos huab thiab cua daj cua dub. Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog +11 ° C nyob rau sab qab teb thiab txog +9 ° C nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj. Muaj nag los ntau heev. Yog vim li cas nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov siab qis uas nthuav dav rau sab hnub tuaj hla Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic, nyob rau sab qab teb cua sab hnub poob uas muaj thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo, thiab hauv cov roob uas nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws.

Lub nceeg vaj muaj dej nplua nuj. Vim tias cov nag lossis daus loj heev uas dhau evaporation, cov dej ntws sib sib zog nqus tau txuas nrog lub network ntom ntom yuav luag thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Cov pas dej loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Northern Ireland (Loch Tay) thiab Scotland (Loch Lomond, Loch Ness hauv daim duab saum toj no). Cov chaw zoo nkauj heev, muaj ntau hom tsiaj nyob ntawm no.

Great Britain yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hav zoov xim av thiab cov av podzolic, ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm limestone xwm - humus-carbonate. Raws li txoj cai, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog leached vim los nag hnyav. Yog li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag ntawm Askiv yog tsawg heev, hav zoov nyob tsuas yog li 10% ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj av. Yog li ntawd, cov tsiaj ntawm Great Britain yog cov neeg nyob hauv thaj av, meadows thiab reservoirs. hav zoovme ntsis loj dua hauv Scotland, tab sis moorland, meadows thiab peat bogs tseem nyob ntawd thiab. Cov ntoo zoo tshaj plaws yog ntoo thuv, larch, spruce thiab ntoo qhib. Nyob rau hauv qis dua ntawm toj siab ntawm Wales thiab England, hornbeam, elm, beech, thiab tshauv kuj pom. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, ib co evergreen hom ntawm Mediterranean loj hlob. Cov nroj tsuag thiab fauna ntawm Great Britain txiav txim siab nws qhov kev nyab xeeb. Ntuj meadows hauv Wales thiab Askiv yog lub tsev rau cov tsiaj qus daj daj daffodils (lub cim ntawm Welsh), orchis thiab primrose. Saum toj roob hauv pes thaj chaw muaj cereal-forb thaj chaw nrog juniper, crowberry thiab blueberry. Cov Scottish Highlands yog dominated los ntawm sphagnum-cottongrass peatlands nrog meadow rue thiab alpine knotweed.

Qee cov nroj tsuag los ntawm cov nyom zoo nkauj tau ntev dhau los ua cov cim ntawm ob tus neeg Askiv lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov neeg nyob ze. Shamrock, los yog zoo tib yam clover, tej zaum yuav paub rau ntau, nws yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm St. Patrick, patron neeg dawb huv ntawm Ireland. Thiab cov leek qus yog lub cim ntawm cov neeg ntawm Wales. Cov nroj tsuag thistle (daim duab) tau ua lub cim ntawm Scotland rau ntau tshaj 500 xyoo, embodying tib yam ntxeev siab thiab txaus siab rau cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam.

Tsiaj ntiaj teb ntawm Great Britain

Lub teb chaws fauna kuj tsis muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab yog ib qho zoo rau sab qaum teb Europe. Tam sim no, muaj txog 70 hom tsiaj los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, txawm tias 13 ntawm lawv yog cov tuaj txawv teb chaws, thiab tsis yog haiv neeg, tsis muaj kab mob. Cov noog muaj ntau haiv neeg (588 hom). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kwv yees li 250 tus neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw tsis tu ncua, thiab 300 tau pom tsis tshua muaj lossis thaum lub sijhawmncua. Cov huab cua txias tsis haum rau ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles uas rhiab rau qhov kub thiab txias. Tsuas muaj rau hom av hauv paus txawm, ntxiv rau cov vaub kib hiav txwv (5) thiab cov tsiaj reptiles qhia rau cov kob los ntawm tib neeg (7).

Class Mammals: Tsiaj Tsiaj

Lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Great Britain raug ntxuav los ntawm Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic thiab qhov no piav qhia txog ntau tus neeg nyob hauv hiav txwv. Yog li, ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab pebble ntug hiav txwv dej koj tuaj yeem ntsib cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiab ntev-ntev. Cov dej hauv cheeb tsam yog nyob ntawm xiav thiab humpback whales, sei whale, fin whale, minke whale, dolphins (grey, Atlantic dawb-sided, pilot whale, white-faced, striped, bottlenose dolphin, killer whale), as well as porpoise, siab-browed bottlenose, siv-toothed, beaked whale thiab phev whales.

Ib txhia tsiaj ntawm Great Britain vim yog kev yos hav zoov nyob rau ntau pua xyoo tam sim no tsis tshua muaj. Tsis muaj ntau cov tsiaj qus artiodactyls nyob rau hauv hav zoov zoo li ua ntej: European roe mos lwj, noble, pom thiab dej (tsis tshua muaj, hom tsis yooj yim) mos lwj, mos lwj, Suav muntjac. Ntawm cov tsiaj loj, muaj hma, hma, hav zoov miv, marten, ermine, weasel, ferret, otter, thiab lwm yam. Cov neeg nyob hauv lub neej yog badgers, qus boars, shrews. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lagomorphs yog sawv cev los ntawm ntau hom tsiaj: hare, hare thiab qus luav, voles, dormouse, nas thiab nas, Carolina thiab cov squirrels.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia txog ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Chiroptera tsev neeg (20 hom hauv tag nrho). Qee lub npe tsiaj txawv txawv, thaum lwm tus paub txog ntau yam: loj thiab me horseshoe, Europeanbroad-eared, lig thiab ob-xim tawv, ntev-eared, dej, mustachioed, Brandt hmo ntuj thiab hmo ntuj puav, me me thiab liab yav tsaus ntuj puav, puav, xim av thiab grey earflaps.

Birds of Great Britain

Ntau tshaj tsib puas hom noog, ntau tshaj li ib nrab hauv lub tebchaws tsuas yog tsiv teb tsaws chaw xwb. Tib neeg kev ua ub no muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lawv qhov chaw nyob. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus lej ntawm ntau hom. Yog li ntawd, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm swamps, tus naj npawb ntawm cov noog tau pom zoo txo qis, tab sis sparrows thiab pigeons, uas nws cov pejxeem loj heev, xav tias zoo nyob hauv nroog. Cov tsiaj ntiaj teb ntawm Great Britain tsis yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ntau haiv neeg, thiab noog tsis muaj kev zam. Ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm, nws tsim nyog sau cia finches, starlings, tits, robins, kingfishers (daim duab), liab-breasted robin (lub cim ntawm lub teb chaws), petrel, blackbirds, thiab lwm yam. Cov noog qus me me, tab sis pheasants thiab partridges tseem pom.

Yuav ua li cas cov tsiaj reptiles nyob?

Cov xwm txheej rau cov tsiaj reptiles, muab nws me me, tsis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, tsuas muaj 11 hom, thiab tsib ntawm lawv yog cov neeg nyob hauv dej hiav txwv (cov vaub kib). Thawj peb tus neeg sawv cev yog lizards: ceev, viviparous thiab brittle spindle (daim duab). Cov hom tom kawg yog qhov nco txog tus nab, vim nws tsis muaj ceg. Cov no yog cov tsiaj qus zoo tib yam, muab faib rau txhua qhov chaw. Ntawm cov nab, muaj peb hom: zoo tib yam nab, copperhead thiab viper. Cov neeg hauv paus txawm nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv muaj xws li cov vaub kib: loggerhead, Bissa, ntsuab thiab Atlantic ridley.

Tsuasntawm cov tsiaj reptiles, tsawg kawg yog xya ntau hom tau nkag mus rau hauv lub tebchaws ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv. Cov no suav nrog cov liab-eared thiab European marsh vaub kib, phab ntsa thiab ntsuab lizards, viper thiab dej nab, Aesculapius nab. Qee cov tsiaj hauv tebchaws Askiv ib zaug nyob hauv nws thaj chaw, tab sis tau ploj mus, thiab tau rov qab qhia dua.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm chav Amphibians

Muaj ob peb hom amphibian, tsuas yog yim (5 tailless thiab 3 tailed). Hauv cov dej ntws thiab cov dej tsis ruaj khov muaj cov tshiab: xov-cov kabmob, ntau thiab crested (daim duab). Ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov anurans, ntau thiab ntau toads, qav (pas dej, nimble thiab nyom). Tsawg kawg yog kaum ib hom kev qhia paub. Cov no suav nrog cov tshiab (alpine, grey-spotted thiab marbled), edible qav, hluav taws salamander, daj-bellied toad, thiab lwm yam.

Invertebrate inhabitants ntawm UK

Cov tsiaj qus no tsis tshua pom, tab sis ntau tshaj ob qho tib si ntawm tag nrho cov naj npawb thiab ntau hom. Hom mollusk yog sawv cev los ntawm 220 hom tsiaj. Feem ntau thiab ntau chav kawm yog, ntawm chav kawm, kab. Muaj ntau dua 20,000 hom tsiaj hauv tebchaws Askiv, suav nrog kab kab, lepidoptera, orthoptera thiab dragonflies.

UK tsiaj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm tus lej meager ntawm hom thiab tag nrho cov pejxeem tsawg. Nws txuas nrog tsis tsuas yog nrog kev nyab xeeb. Tib neeg kev lag luam kev lag luam, deforestation, ntws swamps thiab extermination, uas kav ntev mus rau ntau pua xyoo, yeej pab.