Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua: yuav ua li cas mus txog qhov ntawd? Duab thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55

Lub nroog Sochi tau ua thiab tseem yog "tus neeg ncig tebchaws Mecca" tau ntau pua xyoo tam sim no. Qhov sib thooj ntawm lub hiav txwv, cov huab cua kho ntawm lub roob thiab kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub zos xwm ua rau lub pearl ntawm lub Caucasus. Tab sis lub cim ecosystem tsis yog tsuas yog attraction. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm archaeology, Sochi yog ib lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm kev paub tsis muaj nuj nqis, ib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg txog keeb kwm ntawm kev yug me nyuam ntawm kev vam meej…

Nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub nroog, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom ntau dua li plaub lub kaum qhov chaw, qhov chaw hu ua tus txiv neej thaum ub. Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua yog qhov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Nws nyob ntawd, hauv qhov tob ntawm pob zeb, pom ntau qhov zais cia yav dhau los…

Geographic details

Nyob rau thaj tsam roob ntawm Sochi, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm qhov tseeb archaeological thiab speleological ntoj ke mus kawm, muaj tsawg kawg yog 400 qhov tsua ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm lawv, txog 10%, yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm. Thiab, nthuav, qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev xav ntawm "cov cuab yeej cuab tam kab lis kev cai" yog lub qub nroog-hom kev sib hais haum, thiab tam sim no - ib feem ntawm qhov chaw zoo nkauj - Adler. Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsuanyob ze heev, li 15 kilometers ntawm nws (kwv yees ntawm tus dej Mzymta).

Qhov tseeb tias qhov chaw no tau xaiv ib zaug los ntawm Cro-Magnons yog pov thawj los ntawm cov cuab yeej qub uas pom thaum lub sijhawm khawb yuav luag 80 xyoo dhau los. Los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm qhov pom, lub qhov tsua yog qhov chaw qaum teb ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Europe, "ua haujlwm raug cai" rau cov neeg thaum ub ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Qhov zais cia ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm Akhshtyr qhov tsua

Vim li cas lub qhov tsua no nyob ntawm txhua tus daim di ncauj thiab tsis muaj lwm yam? Yog lawm, vim hais tias tsuas yog ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom qhov qhia meej txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub sijhawm qub. Tau txais qhov no zoo li mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Caucasian haiv neeg. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias thawj cov neeg nyob hauv tau pib nyob ntawm no 70 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Muaj tseeb tiag, tom qab kwv yees li 20 txhiab xyoo, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug natural cataclysm, lub Neanderthals tau ncaim lawv lub teb chaws. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov poob qis hauv qhov kub thiab txias tsis tshua pom los ntawm cov bears, uas tau dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm lub qhov tsua rau kaum tsib txhiab xyoo tom ntej.

Kev rov qab los ntawm cov primates ncaj ncees tau tshwm sim thaum Hnub Nyoog Kawg. Lawv qib kev txawj ntse tau loj hlob, thiab qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej ntawm Cro-Magnons tau qhia los ntawm tsib-meter "txheej txheej", uas yog tus kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los.

Hnub no Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua, Sochi thiab roob tourism yog cov lus sib txawv. Lub monument tsis tau poob nws cov keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis, nws cov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv yooj yim - tam sim no nws yog qhov kev mus ncig ua si tag nrho ntawm qhov chaw ua si.

Cave structure

Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov siab ntawm 185 meters saum toj no hiav txwv. Qhov kev ncua deb mus rau daim iav ntawm lub roob kub hnyiab sai Mzymta yog 120 meters (tus dej ntws los ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov tsua, uas txhim kho cov nyhuv ncha).

Muaj txoj kev nqaim nqa mus rau qhov nkag. Nws, zoo li ib tug cornice, protrudes ntawm ib tug yuav luag sheer pob tsuas. Txoj kev no, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, yog txawm peem rau nrog tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv handrails, yog tib txoj kev mus rau thawj lub lawj saib. Lwm qhov kev hloov pauv luv luv - thiab ntawm no lawv yog, "qhov rooj" …

Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua muaj qhov nthuav tawm sab hnub tuaj.

Nws pib ntu yog nees nkaum-meter txoj kev, maj mam hloov mus rau hauv chav dav dav 8 thiab 10 meters siab; qhov kawg kab yog ib tug clayey nce toj nyob rau hauv ib tug es loj txoj kab nqes, xaus nyob rau hauv ob tug tuag-kawg ceg. Tag nrho qhov ntev yog li 270 meters. Rau kev yooj yim thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, teeb pom kev hauv lub qhov tsua qhov tsim nyog - cov ntaiv tau teeb tsa thiab cov kauj ruam tau teeb tsa.

Qhov tseem ceeb nuances ntawm txoj kev hiking

Txoj haujlwm thib 1 yog mus rau Trout Farm - txhua qhov kev thauj mus los ntawm Adler - Krasnaya Polyana yog qhov zoo tagnrho (tshwj xeeb, koj tuaj yeem "zaj" tsheb npav 131 lossis 135 ntawm txoj kev). Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum nrhiav lub ntsiab nkag mus rau qhov "ntse tsev kawm ntawv" - nws yog nyob rau ntawd, ntawm txoj kev loj, yog li yuav tsum tsis muaj teeb meem. Mus txog lub rooj vag nkag, koj yuav tsum tig sab laug, thiab mam li txav mus ntxiv. Yog nyob ntawm txoj kevYog tias koj tuaj hla kev tsim kho nrog cov ntawv sau "Glass blower show", ces txhua yam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim: cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws tau them ib feem peb ntawm txoj kev mus rau qhov chaw hu ua Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua.

Yuav ua li cas mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab - "glaziers" - tam sim no paub. Nws tseem xav paub seb yuav mus qhov twg ntxiv. Thiab ntawm no, hmoov zoo, tsis muaj dab tsi nyuab: nyob ze ntawm Glassblower Show, txoj kev asph alt smoothly tig mus rau sab xis, mus rau ob lub tsev nyob plaub-zaj dab neeg ntawm lub tsev qub. Dhau raws nraim ntawm lawv, koj yuav tsum tig sab xis dua. Tom qab txog ib puas meters, txoj kev taug kev yuav "so" tiv thaiv tus choj ncua kev kawm ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis tas yuav hla mus rau lwm sab: txoj kev trodden pom meej ntawm sab laug - nws yuav ua rau tus neeg taug kev ncaj nraim mus rau lub qhov tsua (nws yuav siv sij hawm tsis tshaj li ib nrab teev mus rau qhov ntawd los ntawm tus choj ncua kev kawm).

Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua: yuav ua li cas mus txog ntawm lub tsheb los ntawm txoj kev luv tshaj?

Sochi yog lub nroog me me. Tab sis thaum lub caij so koobtsheej los txog, kilometers tsheb jams heev ua rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb. Thiab kom lub zog ntawm "tus nees hlau" tsis tig mus rau hauv kev tsim txom, koj yuav tsum npaj txoj hauv kev kom raug.

Yog li, lub hom phiaj yog Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua. Yuav ua li cas kom tau los ntawm Adler mus rau lub ntiaj teb nto moo qhov chaw ntawm tus txiv neej thaum ub?

Yuav kom tsis txhob cua rau lub roob serpentines, uas muaj ntau nyob ze Sochi, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd, thaum tawm hauv lub nroog, mus rau Krasnaya Polyana. Tau mus txog qhov kos npe "Cossack Brod" - tig mus rau lub zos thiab tsav los ntawm nws (cov tsev nyob ntawm txoj kev loj, yog li tsis muaj qhov twg yuav ploj mus, nrog rau tag nrho koj lub siab nyiam).

Tom qab dhau qhov kev sib hais haum, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso siab rau cov roj - qhov chaw hauv 200-300 meters lwm qhov kos npe yuav tshwm sim, lub sijhawm no nrog cov ntawv sau "Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua". Txhua yam uas tseem tshuav yog ua ib qho maneuver - tig sab xis thiab tsav ib nrab ib mais ntawm txoj kev av. Qhov tseeb, yog txhua yam, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis pom lub qhov tsua nws tus kheej…

Ntau qhov tseeb los ntawm kev tshawb pom keeb kwm

Hnub nrhiav pom lub qhov tsua yog suav tias yog lub Cuaj Hlis 28, 1903. Lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab ntawm "pioneer" yog muab rau cov pej xeem ntawm Fab Kis Tebchaws, Eduard Martel, thiab tus kws tshawb fawb tau nrog rau nws qhov kev mus tom ntej los ntawm lub roob gorges ntawm thaj av Sochi los ntawm ib tug neeg nyob hauv Cossack Brod, Gavriil Rivenko. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws tej zaum tsis yog tus neeg yos hav zoov zoo rau kev tshawb fawb archaeological, yog li nws pom tsuas yog dab tsi "ntev rau saum npoo."

Nyob rau xyoo 1936, qhov chaw nrhiav tau mus xyuas los ntawm Soviet "digger of antiquity" Sergei Nikolaevich Zamyatin, uas tau tswj xyuas kom pom cov cim qhia ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm anthropoid primates. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau pom tias qhov chaw khaws cia zoo ntawm cov neeg thaum ub tau nkaum hauv qab cov pob zeb tawg - nws yog thaum ntawd lub qhov tsua Akhshtyrskaya thundered mus rau tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no.

Keeb kwm ntawm Sochi, nrog rau keeb kwm ntawm tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ib puag ncig, tau hloov kho radically raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov qhib. Cro-Magnons ntawm Caucasus tau dhau los ua qhov kev xav hauv ntiaj teb kev tshawb fawb, yog li rau ntau xyoo lawm tsuas yog "lub siab kaj" thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tsev khaws puav pheej tau nkag mus rau lub monument ntawm ancient architecture. Xyoo 1999, qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv - lub qhov tsua tau hloov kho rau kev mus ncig ua si.

Myths thiab legends:ncig teb chaws versions

Yuav luag txhua qhov chaw mus ncig ua si muaj "cov cuab yeej cuab tam": cov lus qhia yuav "sau npe cov dab phem hauv phau ntawv hauv tsev" ntawm cov tsev fuabtais medieval, sau cov tsev khaws puav pheej nrog paub tsis meej, tham txog "qhov tseeb tseeb" los ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm bygone eras…

Los ntawm qhov kev xav no, lub qhov tsua nrhiav tau los ntawm Martel tsis txawv ntawm Louvre hauv Paris lossis Ntauwd ntawm London - nws kuj muaj "nws tus kheej zaj dab neeg". Ib zaj dab neeg uas zoo qhia yuav zoo siab qhia rau txhua tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi.

Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua - hauv qhov saib ntawm cov lus qhia - qhov no tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li qhov chaw sib tham ntawm Homer's Odysseus thiab Cyclops Polyphemus. Lawv "kev sib cav" yog li ntawd ntseeg hais tias ib txhia neeg yeej pib ntseeg hais tias lub npe nrov Greek moored mus rau lub ntug dej hiav txwv Sochi. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum, muaj ntau qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus no dua li ntawv tseeb…

Scenic kev zoo nkauj ntawm Akhshtyr gorge: xyuas ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws

Dab tsi yog Akhshtyr gorge thiab Akhshtyrskaya qhov tsua ua cim rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog chaw so? Oddly txaus, tab sis rau feem ntau ntawm lawv - nws yog "tsuas yog ib lub tsev." Cov neeg uas loj hlob tuaj ntawm cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm Caucasus yog accustomed mus rau lub fact tias "nws yeej ib txwm zoo li no." Thiab tsuas yog cov neeg tuaj saib, tau mus rau saum ntuj ceeb tsheej kaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb, pom tag nrho cov duab ntawm qhov tshwm sim - qhov xwm txheej hauv zos tau ua rau lawv …

Nws txaus mus rau txhua lub rooj sib tham tshwj xeeb rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ncig tebchaws - Adler thiab Sochi yuav yog qhov pom tseeb. Cov roob ib puag ncig ntxim nyiam lub siab ntawm tsis tsuas yog Russians - huag"nce mus rau saum ntuj" nyob rau hauv cov seem ntawm Kazakhs thiab Belarusians, Moldovans thiab Ukrainians npau suav. CIS yog dab tsi! Mus xyuas Akhshtyrsky (Dzykhrinsky) gorge yog qhov kev ntshaw ntawm ntau tus neeg txawv teb chaws! Ob thiab ib nrab kilometers ntev, ob puas meters tob - tsim los ntawm tus dej Mzymta, nws, zoo li ib tug ntse hniav, txiav lub roob ntawm tib lub npe. Nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom hais lus hauv cov lus pom uas qhib los ntawm cov ntsiab lus panoramic ntawm nws cov terraces…

Adler: qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws nto moo

Lub koob meej ntawm lub qhov tsua Akhshtyrskaya feem ntau overshadows cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lwm yam, tsis muaj tsawg nthuav qhov chaw, uas yog heev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv Adler thiab nws cov cheeb tsam ib puag ncig. Lub caij no, yog tias koj ua raws li qhov kev mus ncig ua si, ces koj tuaj yeem yooj yim sib txuas mus rau txhua qhov chaw nyiam tshaj plaws rau hauv ib qho "kev ncig xyuas" (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li daim duab qhia kev ntawm Sochi tau teeb tsa raws li tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm cov neeg ncig tebchaws tseem ceeb nyob hauv. nyob ib ncig ntawm tib qhov chaw eminent ntawm primitive txiv neej).

Tshwj xeeb, Trout ua liaj ua teb, uas twb tau hais los ua ib qho kev qhia thaum sau cov kev taug kev mus rau lub qhov tsua, yog ib qho khoom zoo heev rau rotozey: tsawg hom ntses tau bred nyob rau hauv cov pas dej loj loj, cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi tau muab rau. ntses los yog saj twb npaj tais diav nyob rau hauv ib tug cozy cafe. Kev ua liaj ua teb "Peb Sofia" kuj tsim nyog rau kev mloog - tsis yog txhua tus neeg taug kev xav tau tej zaum tau pom ostriches nyob. Thiab tseem - Adler lighthouse, kwj dej ntawm tus dej Psakho, lub Achishkho Ridge …