Generals hauv Lavxias Federation, ib yam li lwm lub tebchaws, yog cov tub ceev xwm siab tshaj plaws. General's epaulettes yog siv los xaiv cov qib siab tshaj plaws hauv cov tub rog thiab lub zog ntawm Russia.
Lub xub pwg pluaj tau qhia thaum twg?
Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia, lub xub pwg pluaj pib siv thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Peter I. Thaum pib, lawv yog npaj rau cov tub rog. Thaum lub sij hawm, cov tub ceev xwm pib siv lawv. Txij li thaum tsis muaj ib qho qauv ntawm epaulettes, lawv tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov no tau raug kho los ntawm kev qhia cov khaub ncaws ntawm cov xim sib txawv: txhua lub battalion lossis cov tub rog muaj nws cov xim xim. Tus tub ceev xwm lub xub pwg pluaj muaj cov duab hexagonal, thiab cov tub rog - pentagonal. Cov general's epaulettes nyob rau hauv cov hnub yog ib tug galloon ntawm golden los yog silver xim tsis muaj hnub qub. Cov cim zoo sib xws tau siv txog xyoo 1917.
Tom qab lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, cov tub rog 'thiab cov thawj coj' epaulets raug tshem tawm, raws li lawv tau pom hauv Soviet Russia yog kev ua phem. Lawv tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm cov Neeg Dawb. Lub insignia tau dhau los ua lub cim tawm tsam, thiab cov tub ceev xwm hnav lawv hu ua "kub chasers". Qhov xwm txheej no txuas ntxiv mus txog thaumtxij thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj.
Leej twg hnav lub xub pwg pluaj hauv Russia hnub no?
Hnub no, nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias Federation, ib yam li lwm lub xeev, tsis yog cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog muaj cai hnav lub xub pwg pluaj. Lub xub pwg pluaj yog siv nyob rau hauv tus kws lij choj lub chaw ua hauj lwm, tub ceev xwm, se thiab ib puag ncig inspectorates, railway, hiav txwv, dej thiab pej xeem aviation.
leej twg yog tus thawj?
Qib ntawm tus thawj yog hais txog cov tub ceev xwm siab tshaj plaws, rau txhua tus uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib xws. Qib, uas tau siv los sib txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob ntawm hom tub rog, niaj hnub no tau dhau los ua ib qho. Cov tub rog Lavxias muab rau qhov muaj qib:
- tus thawj tswj hwm;
- lieutenant general;
- Colonel General;
- General.
Tus thawj coj epaulettes zoo li cas?
Tom qab tsab cai lij choj ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1994, cov khaub ncaws tshiab tau qhia rau cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias Federation. Qhov ntev, xim thiab cov duab ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj tau hloov. Tam sim no lawv tsis ncav cuag dab tshos ntawm lub tunic. Lub xub pwg pluaj, ob leeg sewn rau thiab tshem tau, ua hexagonal nyob rau hauv cov duab. Lawv sab sauv muaj lub pob uas ua haujlwm zoo nkauj. Hnub no lub xub pwg pluaj yog 50 hli dav thiab 150 hli ntev.
Cov hnub qub dav dav ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj tau teeb tsa hauv ib kab ntsug nyob ntawm qib:
- Major-General's epaulettes muaj ib lub hnub qub;
- hnav ob lub hnub qub yog muab rau ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj ntawm tus thawj tub rog;
- Colonel General hnav peb hnub qub;
- general - plaub.
Tom qab xyoo 2013, hauv cov tub rog Lavxias, cov thawj coj ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj ntawm txhua hom tau pib nruab nrog lub cim ua ke thiab ib lub hnub qub loj. Piv nrog rau lub hnub qub ntawm lub marshal, lub hnub qub ntawm lub general ntawm Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog yog me dua. Tab sis qib ntawm marshal hauv ntau ceg ntawm cov tub rog raug tso tseg rov qab rau xyoo 1993. Lub Hnub Qub Marshal, ib qho cim tau txais hauv xyoo 1981, tau raug tshem tawm.
siv xim dab tsi?
Tom qab tau txais txoj cai lij choj hauv xyoo 1994, kev hnav khaub ncaws ntawm cov thawj coj tau nruab nrog lub xub pwg golden nrog sewn rau hnub qub, txoj kab uas hla yog 22 hli. Nyob rau hauv av rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, rau generals 'lub xub pwg straps, ib tug liab edging yog muab, rau lub Airborne Forces, Aerospace Forces thiab aviation - xiav.
Ntsuab epaulettes nrog lub ntsej muag liab yog sewn rau hauv cov khaub ncaws niaj hnub ntawm cov thawj coj hauv av. Hauv cov tub rog hauv huab cua thiab cov tub rog chaw tub rog ntawm Russia, cov thawj coj hauv lub neej niaj hnub hnav ntsuab epaulettes nrog xiav trim. Rau aviation, hnav lub xub pwg pluaj xiav nrog xiav edging yog muab. Hauv thaj teb, cov xim ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj yog ntsuab. Cov hnub qub ntsuab tau sewn rau lawv.
Raws li daim ntawv pov thawj rau cov tsho dawb, general's epaulettes yog dawb. Cov hnub qub Golden tau sewn rau lawv.
Ntawm lub tsho ntsuab - ntsuab lub xub pwg pluaj thiab cov hnub qub kub. Rau aviation generals, lub tsho xiav thiab xiav epaulettes nrog golden hnub qub sewn rau yog muab. Rau lub tsho epaulettes ntawm generals ntawm kev ncaj ncees, veterinary thiab kho mob cov kev pab cuam, nws yuav tsum tau hnav.lwm yam cim. Rau niaj hnub hnav, generals siv sewn-on lub xub pwg pluaj. Tshem tau tsuas yog siv rau lub tsho.
Lwm qhov txawv txhais tau tias
Cov qib ntawm cov tub ceev xwm laus tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tsis yog siv cov hnub qub sewn ntawm tus thawj coj epaulettes. Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog tus qauv tsim ntawm cov kev txawv txav no. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 31, 2014, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj ntawm kev tsim lub xub pwg pluaj tshiab. Koj tuaj yeem paub txog cov tub rog ntawm Cov Tub Rog Lavxias nrog kev pab los ntawm kev khiav.
Rau cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias teb sab nws yog xim liab, rau Air Force nws yog xiav. Cov qeb ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm FSB ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj muaj lub pob paj xiav piping. Cov hnub qub liab yog sewn rau ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Kev Pabcuam rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Khoom Tshwj Xeeb raws li Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation kuj tseem siv cov cornflower xiav piping rau generals lub xub pwg pluaj. Cov hnub qub kub yog muab rau cov kev pabcuam no. Tus dav dav lub xub pwg pluaj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ntxhib los mos tshwj xeeb: txawm tias cov khaub ncaws sab nraud yog nruab nrog lub xub pwg pluaj embroidered nrog threads. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm peb lub hnub qub lub xub pwg pluaj hnav los ntawm Colonel General los ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj ntawm cov cim. Lawv muab khi rau cov khaub ncaws uas siv lub clutch tshwj xeeb thiab ib nrab-lash.
Thaum hnav lub tsho tawv dub, cov thawj coj siv lub xub pwg pluaj - muuffs.
Pab tub ceev xwm lub xub pwg yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv lawv qhov tsos, tus thawj coj ntawm epaulettes ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs yuav luag tsis txawv ntawm cov tub rog. Nyob rau hauv tub ceev xwm, ib tug postscript yog ntxiv rau qib ntawm generals - tsis yog "tub rog", tab sis "tub ceev xwm". Muaj tau pom duaqeb:
- Tub ceev xwm General;
- tub ceev xwm lieutenant;
- Police Colonel General.
Tub Ceev Xwm General ntawm Russia - qib tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws. Cov npe no tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm Minister of Internal Affairs ntawm Lavxias Federation. Txog hnub tim, Kolokoltsev V. A. tau txais nws. Nyob rau hauv Ministry ntawm Sab hauv, generals siv epaulettes, uas loj hnub qub yog sewn. Tsis muaj qhov khoob ntawm lub xub pwg pluaj no.
2011 thiab 2014 tub ceev xwm insignia
Hauv xyoo 2011, txoj kab nruab nrab ntev ntawm tub ceev xwm lub epaulette tau nruab nrog plaub lub hnub qub thiab cov kav dej liab. Embroidered hnub qub muaj ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 22 hli. Xyoo 2014, qhov loj ntawm cov hnub qub tau nce mus rau 4 cm. Cov kav dej liab tseem zoo li qub.
Nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim uas pom cov cim ntawm FSUE "43 TsEPK" ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Lavxias Federation, lub tuam txhab qub tshaj plaws hauv Moscow koom nrog kev txiav txim siab tus kheej ntawm cov khaub ncaws rau cov tub ceev xwm laus, ntawm tus thawj coj lub xub pwg pluaj.
Tus thawj coj ntawm Ministry of Internal Affairs, Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg, FSO, tus kws lij choj lub chaw haujlwm thiab Ministry of Emergency Situation of Russia tseem siv cov khoom lag luam ntawm lub tuam txhab no.
