Mount Belukha: qhov siab, piav qhia, kev tswj hwm, qhov tseeb nthuav

2024 Tus sau: Henry Conors | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-02-12 07:55

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txaus siab rau ntau lub roob hauv tebchaws Russia. Beluga yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Lub roob zoo nkauj txawv txawv attracts tsis tau tsuas yog nce toj, tab sis kuj tag nrho cov connoisseurs ntawm ntuj kev zoo nkauj. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov duab, lub ncov ntawm Mount Belukha zoo li ob lub pyramids tsis xwm yeem, ntawm qhov muaj qhov txo qis, qhov siab ntawm qhov kawg yog loj heev - plaub txhiab meters. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov siab, Mount Belukha yog thib ob xwb rau Klyuchevskaya Sopka. Lub tom kawg yog nyob rau hauv Kamchatka.

Mount Belukha nyob qhov twg?

Lub roob yog nyob rau hauv Altai koom pheej, ntau precisely, nyob rau hauv lub Ust-Koksinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv. Qhov no yog lub ncov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Siberia, crowning lub Katunsky Ridge. Qhov siab ntawm Mount Belukha yog 4509 m. Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub Katunsky Ridge, yuav luag nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm Russia thiab Kazakhstan, nyob rau hauv ciam teb ntawm lub ntsiab ridge thiab nws peb spurs. Mount Belukha ua haujlwm - 49 ° 4825 s. sh. thiab 86°3523 E e.

Ob lub siab Belukha ua ke nrog Korona Altai thiab Delaunay peaks ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug tsim Akkem phab ntsa, uas ntog yuav luag ntsug ntawm Akkem glacier. Paub qhov twg Mount Belukha nyob, cov amateurs thiab cov kws nce toj tuaj ntawm no txhua xyoo.

Kev piav qhia

Tus ciam teb ntawm Kazakhstan thiab Russia ncav cuag thoob plaws Belukha loj. Tus dej ntws puv Katun yog los ntawm nws qhov chaw siab tshaj. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm Belukha Roob tuaj yeem pom hauv phau ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab mus ncig. Nws tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm cov daus ntau uas npog Belukha los ntawm lub hauv paus mus rau lub ncov.

Lub roob muaj ob lub ncov, uas yog cov pyramids tsis sib xws. Qhov siab ntawm Western Belukha yog 4435 meters, thiab taw tes rau sab hnub tuaj Belukha yog siab dua - 4509 meters. Lawv poob yuav luag vertically mus rau Akkemsky glacier thiab maj mam txo mus rau Katunsky glacier (Gebler). Nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob lub ncov muaj kev nyuaj siab hu ua Beluga Saddle. Nws qhov siab yog plaub txhiab meters. Nws tawg mus rau Akkem glacier, thiab nyob rau sab qab teb, mus rau tus dej Katun, nws nqis los maj mam.

Lub roob muaj cov pob zeb Upper thiab Middle Cambrian. Nws spurs yog outcrops ntawm shales thiab sandstones. Conglomerates tsis tshua muaj neeg sawv cev. Ib feem ntawm cov array muaj xws li flysch formations. Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog lub tectonic instability ntawm thaj chaw no, uas yog pov thawj los ntawm cov kab nrib pleb, faults thiab overthrusts ntawm pob zeb. Yuav luag sheer, slip zones yog ib qho ntawm sab qaum teb txoj kab nqes ntawm lub roob, feem ntau yog los ntawm sab ntawm lub hav Akkem.

cheeb tsam Belukha nyob rau ntawm ciam teb ntawm thaj chaw ntawm xya-yim seismic kev ua si. Av qeeg me me tshwm sim ntawm no ntau zaus. Yog li ntawd, lub plhaub dej khov tawg, tawg thiab avalanches tuaj. Los ntawm Paleogene erathaj chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam tectonic uplift, uas txuas ntxiv mus rau hnub no. Qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv kev nyem - thoob plaws hauv thaj chaw nws yog alpine, siab-roob, nrog tob gorges. Lawv nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm ntsug alpine ridges ntawm Belukha roob. Lawv qhov siab yog 2500 meters.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm pawg neeg loj tshaj plaws yog nyob ntawm talus, moraines thiab pob zeb. Cov toj roob hauv pes raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm avalanches thiab av nkos.

Climate

Hauv cheeb tsam Belukha, huab cua hnyav heev - txias thiab lub caij ntuj no ntev thiab los nag luv caij ntuj sov. Cov xwm txheej sib txawv raws txoj siv sia: los ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov dej khov thiab cov daus saum toj kawg nkaus mus rau qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov hav, qhov nruab nrab huab cua hauv Lub Xya Hli tsis tshaj +8.3 ° C. Ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws (platform) + 6, 3 ° C. Txawm nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Belukha (altitude 2509 meters), huab cua kub yuav poob mus rau -20 ° C.

Lub Ib Hlis, huab cua kub yog -48 ° C thiab txawm tias lub Peb Hlis nws tseem qis -5 ° C.

Glaciers

Ib qho ntawm qhov chaw glacial tseem ceeb ntawm Altai yog Mount Belukha. Nyob rau hauv cov dej phwj txuam nrog nws, muaj ib puas thiab rau caum-cuaj glaciers, npog thaj tsam ntawm ib puas thiab tsib caug square kilometers. Ib nrab ntawm cov glaciers ntawm Katunsky Ridge yog nyob rau ntawm Belukha.

M. V. Tronov, ib tug paub zoo ntawm Soviet climatologist, hu ua ib tug glacial cheeb tsam ntawm lub roob raws li ib tug cais "hom Belukha glaciers". Rau qhov loj glaciers yog concentrated nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Ntawm lawv: Me thiab loj Berel glaciers 8 thiab 10 km ntev thiab 8, 9 thiab 12.5 km hauv cheeb tsam² feem, glacierSapozhnikova nrog qhov ntev ntawm 10.5 km thiab thaj tsam ntawm 13.2 km ^2.

Tag nrho cov glaciers nyob ntawm no yog qhov loj heev: lawv thaj tsam li ntawm ob txog kaum square kilometers. Cov dej khov txav ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm peb caug mus rau tsib caug meters ib xyoos. Qhov loj tshaj plaws tau sau tseg rau ntawm Brothers Tronovy glacier. Ntawm nws ko taw nws ncav cuag ib puas thiab nees nkaum meters ib xyoo. Thaum cov daus sau rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj, avalanches tshwm sim.

Rivs

Lawv feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub phiab ntawm tus dej Katun, uas yog nyob rau sab qab teb slopes ntawm Gebler Glacier. Nov yog qhov chaw ntawm tus dej Akkem, Kucherla, Idegem. Sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj yog ntws los ntawm Belaya Berel River, uas yog nyob rau hauv Bukhtarma phiab.

Cov dej ntws los ze ze ntawm Belukha glaciers tsim lub npe hu ua Altai hom dej ntws. Lawv tau ntxiv los ntawm cov dej yaj ntawm cov glaciers. Cov dej ntws no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov dej ntws muaj zog nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov thiab qis dua nyob rau lub sijhawm so. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov nkoj, feem ntau tsim cov dej tsaws tsag. Piv txwv li, cov dej tsaws tsag zoo nkauj Rassypnoy nyob ntawm tus dej ntawm tib lub npe, uas yog txoj cai ntawm tus dej Katun.

Lakes

Nyob hauv cheeb tsam Belukha, lawv nyob hauv kwj hav thiab tob caravans. Lawv tau tshwm sim ntawm thaj chaw no thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm cov dej khov thaum ub. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv yog Akkemskoye thiab Kucherlinskoye.

Ntsuab

Rau lub Belukhinsky massif, raws li, qhov tseeb, rau txhua thaj chaw roob roob, muaj ntau hom tsiaj yog yam ntxwv. Raws li kev tshawb fawb ntau,Feem ntau ntawm cov ridge belongs rau lub high-roob toj roob hauv pes Katunsky cheeb tsam, qhov twg lub xub ntiag ntawm high-rooj thiab hav zoov formations raug sau tseg. Txoj siv hav zoov stretches mus rau qhov siab ntawm ob txhiab meters nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab mus txog rau ob txhiab ob puas meters nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. Nws yog tsim nyob rau sab qaum teb macrolope.

Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Koksu thiab Katun dej, txoj siv yog fragmentary. Nws sab ciam teb yog dominated los ntawm tsaus coniferous formations nrog ib tug predominance ntawm Siberian spruce, Siberian fir, thiab cedar. Cov nroj tsuag deciduous muaj ntau: roob tshauv, Siberian larch, birch. Shrubs yog sawv cev los ntawm honeysuckle, meadowsweet, caragana. Cedar dominates nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam siab dua, thiab lingonberries thiab honeysuckle dominates ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub Uppermost ib feem ntawm lub hav zoov cheeb tsam, round-leaved birch thiab alpine thiab subalpine tshuaj ntsuab loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, raspberries thiab currants muaj nyob ntawm no.

Ntawm ciam teb qis, txoj siv subalpine yog sawv cev los ntawm cedar-larch thiab cedar light forests, nrog cov tawg ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab subalpine meadows. Txoj siv Alpine yog sawv cev los ntawm cov nyom me me, siab nyom, thiab cobresia meadows. Lub Belukhinsky massif nyob rau feem ntau ntawm cov toj siab, yog li tsis tshua muaj hom loj hlob nyob rau hauv alpine cheeb tsam yog txaus siab ntawm no: larkspur ukok thiab aconite tsis pom, rhodiola (plaub-membered, frosty, liab), Krylov's cinquefoil, ntau tshaj peb caug hom. dos (dwarf, Altai thiab lwm yam). Muaj ntau ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Altai.

Nyob ntiaj teb

Liab-rov qab, loj-eared thiab liab-grey voles muaj nyob rau ntawm pob zeb placers thiab yerniks. Nyob rau sab xis ntawm lub Katun, nyob rau hauv nws cov peev txheejzokor thiab Altai nas. Qee zaum, cov tsov txaij daus, lynx thiab Siberian ibex nkag mus rau qhov chaw no.

Cov noog muaj ntau haiv neeg. Kev yos hav zoov thiab kev lag luam hom muaj xws li: tundra thiab dawb partridges. Los ntawm tsev neeg ntawm passerines, lub Himalayan conjurer, lub Alpine jackdaw, thiab ntoo chough-ntoo nyob ntawm no. Ntau tsawg zaus hauv cov chaw no koj tuaj yeem ntsib Siberian roob finches thiab hom tsis tshua muaj - juniper grosbeak. Cov tsiaj tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Altai muaj xws li Altai snowcock, loj lentil, golden eagle.

NWS Nature Park

Rov qab rau xyoo 1978, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev ywj pheej txiav txim siab los tsim ib lub monument ntuj nyob rau hauv cov chaw no. Nws cov xwm txheej raug lees paub hauv xyoo 1996 los ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws ntawm Altai. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1997, thawj lub tiaj ua si hauv Belukha hauv tebchaws tau tsim, npog thaj tsam ntawm 131,337 hectares. Txij li thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2000, Belukha Roob thiab thaj chaw uas nyob ib sab: Kucherlinskoye thiab Akkemskoye pas dej - tau raug hu ua Belukha National Park.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Ib ob peb qhov tseeb paub txog lub roob no:

• Mount Belukha tau rov ua dua rau ntawm daim ntaub ntawm N. Roerich thiab G. Choros-Gurkin;
• rau Altai shamanists thiab Buddhists lub roob yog dawb huv. Lawv ntseeg hais tias ntawm no yog ib qho ntawm kev nkag mus rau lub teb chaws tsis meej ntawm Shambhala thiab Belovodie;
• esotericists xav txog Belukha cov ntaub ntawv pyramid thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub zog;
• cov pej xeem hauv zos muaj ntau yam txwv tsis pub cuam tshuam nrog lub roob dawb ceev: ntawmtxoj kab nqes, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua suab nrov, nqa cov khoom hlau, yos hav zoov;
• raws li lwm qhov chaw dawb huv ntawm Altai, cov poj niam tsis raug tso cai nkag mus rau lub roob;
• Belukha tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm koom pheej ntawm Altai.

Visiting mode

Txoj kev ncig ncig uas nyiam tshaj plaws, dhau los ntawm lub zos Tungur mus rau ko taw ntawm Belukha Roob, nyob hauv thaj tsam ciam teb, ze rau lub xeev ciam teb ntawm Kazakhstan thiab Russia. Cov pej xeem ntawm Russia xav mus rau nws yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv hla tebchaws nrog lawv, cov neeg taug kev los ntawm lwm lub xeev - kev tso cai, uas yuav tsum tau txais ua ntej los ntawm lub koom haum koom pheej ntawm FSB. Nws nyob hauv Gorno-Altaysk.

Yog tias koj npaj yuav mus xyuas thaj tsam tsib-kilometer ntawm ciam teb (piv txwv li, nce toj Belukha), ces yuav tsum tso cai rau txhua pawg ntawm pej xeem.