"Koj hnyav, Monomakh lub kaus mom!" - Peb feem ntau hais, hais txog lub nra hnyav ntawm lub hwj chim lossis qee yam ntawm lub luag haujlwm. Cov chav tsev hais lus saum toj no feem ntau cuam tshuam cov neeg hauv kev ua thawj coj. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj tsawg zaus cov kab lus no qhia txog qhov xwm txheej nyuaj. Cov lus no tshwm sim li cas?
Keeb kwm ntawm phraseologism
Lub tsev hais lus qhia muaj tus sau tshwj xeeb. Nws tsis yog lwm yam tshaj li Alexander Pushkin. Nws yog nws thawj zaug siv cov lus hais saum toj no hauv qhov xwm txheej "Boris Godunov" (qhov chaw "Lub Tsar's Chambers", ib qho kev sib tham los ntawm Boris Godunov).
Tab sis cov lus nug tam sim ntawd, Monomakh lub kaus mom yog dab tsi? Phraseologism kis tau vim qhov tseeb tias txhua tus neeg koom nrog cov ntsiab lus qhia nrog lub hwj chim thiab lub luag haujlwm. Tom qab tag nrho, Monomakh lub kaus mom yog lub crown ntawm Moscow tsars, lub cim ntawm lawv lub hwj chim. Nws yog ib tug golden point headdress ua nyob rau hauv Central Asian style. Lub kaus mom muaj sable plaub ntug, embroidered nrog pearls, emeralds, rubies thiab topped nrogcross.
Monomakh (Greek "combatant") yog tsev neeg lub npe ntawm Byzantine huab tais. Nyob rau hauv lub ancient Lavxias teb sab era, nws tau muab rau lub Kiev tub huabtais Vladimir Vsevolodovich (1053-1225), uas yog tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm Byzantine kav Constantine IX Monomakh (1000-1055). Los ntawm Vladimir Monomakh, Muscovite tsars tau muab los ntawm lawv tsev neeg, yog li tus huab tais huab tais tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov cwj pwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm tag nrho Russia. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub ceremony ntawm accession rau lub zwm txwv yog lub hoisting ntawm lub Monomakh cap rau lub taub hau ntawm tus tshiab kav. Qhov kev ua koob tsheej no hu ua "crowning the kingdom."
Muaj tseeb tiag, thaum lub sijhawm Peter I, kev ua tshoob kos rau lub nceeg vaj tau hloov los ntawm kev ua koob tsheej. Yog li ntawd, es tsis txhob ntawm lub archaic muaj koob muaj npe crown, lawv pib siv lub crown ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub tsev hais plaub jewelers raws li European kev lig kev cai.
Tus Tsis Paub Ntawm Monomakh's Cap
Raws li lus dab neeg, nyob rau xyoo pua 12th. Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX tau muab Kiev tus kav Vladimir Monomakh lub cim muaj koob muaj npe. Tab sis ntau tus kws tshawb fawb paub tseeb tias zaj dab neeg tau piav qhia tsuas yog ib zaj dab neeg zoo nkauj xwb. Tom qab tag nrho, Constantine IX tuag 59 xyoo ua ntej lub accession ntawm Vladimir Monomakh rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Kyiv. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm ntseeg hais tias cov kev lig kev cai saum toj no tau tshwm sim thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Tom qab ntawd cov lus dab neeg no qhia txog kev ua tiav ntawm lub zog ntawm Moscow tsars los ntawm cov huab tais ntawm Byzantium. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ua haujlwm los lees paub lub tswv yim tias Moscow yog "peb Rome".
Nyob hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub kaus momMonomakh tau hais thawj zaug thaum lub sijhawm Ivan Kalita (1283-1341). Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, thawj crowning ntawm lub nceeg vaj nrog lub hau ntawm Monomakh coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1498. Tom qab ntawd lub Moscow Tsar Ivan III tau ua kev cai tshoob kos rau lub nceeg vaj ntawm nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Dmitry.
Cov kws tshawb fawb kuj sib cav txog leej twg ua tus huab tais huab tais nto moo. Qee tus paub tseeb tias Byzantine craftsmen ua haujlwm ntawm Monomakh lub hau. Lwm tus xav tias lub kaus mom yog tsim los ntawm Arab jewelers, thiab qee tus txawm xav tias nws yog ib qho haujlwm ntawm Bukhara. Muaj txawm tias muaj kev xav tias yav tom ntej huab tais huab tais tau pauv mus rau Vladimir Vsevolodovich los ntawm Golden Horde Khan Uzbek.
